The DOI matches its Crossref record; 183 of the 183 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive theories of depression posit that people's thoughts, inferences, attitudes, and interpretations, and the way in which they attend to and recall information, can increase their risk for depression. Three mechanisms have been implicated in the relation between biased cognitive processing and the dysregulation of emotion in depression: inhibitory processes and deficits in working memory, ruminative responses to negative mood states and negative life events, and the inability to use positive and rewarding stimuli to regulate negative mood. In this review, we present a contemporary characterization of depressive cognition and discuss how different cognitive processes are related not only to each other, but also to emotion dysregulation, the hallmark feature of depression. We conclude that depression is characterized by increased elaboration of negative information, by difficulties disengaging from negative material, and by deficits in cognitive control when processing negative information. We discuss treatment implications of these conclusions and argue that the study of cognitive aspects of depression must be broadened by investigating neural and genetic factors that are related to cognitive dysfunction in this disorder. Such integrative investigations should help us gain a more comprehensive understanding of how cognitive and biological factors interact to affect the onset, maintenance, and course of depression.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Such neural network alterations are posited to contribute to impaired regulatory control of stimulus-driven affective processing 7,45 , producing rigid negative biases evident across a wide range of implicit information processing domains (e.g., negative appraisals of self, the environment, and the future 46 ; preferential attention and memory for negative stimuli 45,47 ).”
From Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Attention, which acts as an initial filter on the information entering conscious awareness, shows valence-specific alterations in depressed patients including attentional preference for dysphoric stimuli and biases away from positive stimuli 45,47,83 .”
From Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These functional abnormalities might underlie the increased sensitivity to negative emotional stimuli and the difficulty in disengaging from them, which is contained in the construct of negative bias in depression (58,59).”
From Relation Between Structural and Functional Connectivity in Major Depressive Disorder (2013) · cites this paper as [59]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“major depression is characterized by a strong disturbance in WM (Banich et al., 2009; Foland-Ross & Gotlib, 2012; Gotlib & Joormann, 2010; Joormann, 2018; Kaiser et al., 2015).”
From Baseline-dependent effect of dopamine’s precursor L-tyrosine on working memory gating but not updating (2020) · cites this paper as Gotlib & Joormann, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, we used a multidimensional approach to evaluate trial outcomes; symptom assessments were complemented with evaluation of change in subjective mental health behaviors and quality of life, as well as change in objective measures of neuro-cognition that are impacted in depression [31–37].”
From Personalized machine learning guided intervention for optimizing lifestyle behaviors in depression: a pilot study (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Notably, while depression can be associated with cognitive deficits [31–37]”
From Personalized machine learning guided intervention for optimizing lifestyle behaviors in depression: a pilot study (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive reappraisal is correlated with adaptive outcomes, such as lower depression [25]”
From Effects of Mindfulness and Life-Skills Training on Emotion Regulation and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Migrant Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“It is different to expression suppression, which implies an intentional inhibition of behaviors associated with negative emotions [25].”
From Effects of Mindfulness and Life-Skills Training on Emotion Regulation and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Migrant Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This blunted signal in attention-related brain areas during switching in MDD may underlie the previously outlined increased switch-related response latencies at a behavioral level in this group, and putatively reflect deficits in attention control at the clinical level of this disorder [58].”
From Cognitive inflexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depression is associated with distinct neural correlates (2013) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“In parallel, acute stress has been shown to trigger affective and cognitive changes similar to biased information processing characteristic to depression (Gotlib and Joormann, 2010).”
From The interplay between stress, inflammation, and emotional attention: relevance for depression (2019) · cites this paper as Gotlib and Joormann, 2010
In the citing paper
“Investigations of cognition-emotion interactions have revealed that cognitive deficits, such as problems with memory and attention, are common during depressive episodes (Gotlib and Joormann 2010; Levin et al. 2007).”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Gotlib and Joormann 2010
In the citing paper
“Once considered an epiphenomenon of depression (Austin et al. 2001), it has been suggested that EF deficits play an active role in depressive episodes (Gotlib and Joormann 2010).”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Gotlib and Joormann 2010
In the citing paper
“A large body of research, largely utilizing the Dot Probe56 or Emotional Stroop Task57 has shown that depressed patients tend to spend more time attending to negative information, such as sad faces than neutral or positive information (for review see refs. 58,59).”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“Generally speaking, depressed patients’ attention tends to linger longer on negative information such as sad faces than healthy controls do, which suggests a negative bias in the way that depressed individuals sample information from their environments.”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“Likewise, self-reports are affected by recall bias. In other words, depressed patients have been found to alter the content of past experiences when asked to retrieve them retrospectively [8,9], judging symptoms as more severe [10] or increasing the elaboration of negative information [11].”
From Current state and future directions of technology-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention for major depressive disorder: a systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990) · Imagination, Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/dugg-p24e-52wk-6cdg · Cited by 10,484
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1 · Cited by 3,721
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 · Cited by 3,276
The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.3.504 · Cited by 2,998
Spielberger, C. D. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0943 · Cited by 2,535
The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A latent-variable analysis.
Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.101 · Cited by 2,309 · cited 2×
“Given the capacity limitation of this system, it is important that the contents of WM be updated efficiently, a task controlled by executive processes (e.g., Friedman & Miyake 2004, Hasher et al. 1999).”
BackgroundMethodInhibitory Processes in Attention, Memory and Language
Carr, T. H., & Dagenbach, D. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,276
Evidence-based health policy—lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. D. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5288.740 · Cited by 2,178
Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916 · Cited by 2,100
Nigg, J. T. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.220 · Cited by 1,941
Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Williams, J. M. G. (1988) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 1,871
Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder.
Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Herman, D., Raes, F., Watkins, E., & Dalgleish, T. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122 · Cited by 1,688
Risch, N., Herrell, R., Lehner, T., Liang, K.-Y., Eaves, L., Hoh, J., Griem, A., Kovacs, M., Ott, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.878 · Cited by 1,655
An Embedded-Processes Model of Working Memory
Cowan, N. (1999) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174909.006 · Cited by 1,521
The Negative Priming Effect: Inhibitory Priming by Ignored Objects
Tipper, S. P. (1985) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640748508400920 · Cited by 1,473
Handbook of Emotion Regulation
Lambert, K. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.15.1808 · Cited by 1,446
MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.1.107 · Cited by 1,334 · cited 1×
“Using this approach, MacLeod et al. (2002) first established that attentional biases could be modified by working with participants who scored in the middle third of the distribution on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al. 1971).”
BackgroundCognitive therapy and emotional disorders
Wolpe, J. (1977) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(77)90053-2 · Cited by 1,282
Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.176 · Cited by 1,221
Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology
Sheppes, G., Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739 · Cited by 1,214
Engle, R. W., Kane, M. J., & Tuholski, S. W. (1999) · Models of Working Memory · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174909.007 · Cited by 1,195
Aging and emotional memory: the forgettable nature of negative images for older adults
Charles, S. T., Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.2.310 · Cited by 1,132
Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control
Anderson, M. C., & Green, C. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35066572 · Cited by 1,129
Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Wilhelm, S. A. (1998) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · Cited by 1,101
Johnstone, T., van Reekum, C. M., Urry, H. L., Kalin, N. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2063-07.2007 · Cited by 1,051
The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141 · Cited by 1,039
Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Insights From Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2008) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00566.x · Cited by 988
Gotlib, I. H., & Hammen, C. L. (2002) · Cited by 980
Self-citationAttentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression
Gotlib, I. H., Krasnoperova, E., Yue, D. N., & Joormann, J. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.1.121 · Cited by 911
Self-citationDepression and memory impairment: A meta-analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity.
Burt, D. B., Zembar, M. J., & Niederehe, G. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.285 · Cited by 903
Kessler, R. C., Akiskal, H. S., Ames, M., Birnbaum, H., Greenberg, P., .A, R. M., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., Simon, G. E., & Wang, P. S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1561 · Cited by 868
Kessler, R. C., Akiskal, H. S., Ames, M., Birnbaum, H., Greenberg, P., .A, R. M., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., Simon, G. E., & Wang, P. S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.9.1561 · Cited by 868 · cited 2×
“305”
BackgroundSiegle, G. J., Thompson, W., Carter, C. S., Steinhauer, S. R., & Thase, M. E. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.048 · Cited by 857
Inhibitory Control, Circadian Arousal, and Age
Hasher, L., Zacks, R. T., & May, C. P. (1999) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1480.003.0032 · Cited by 838
On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case.
Anderson, M. C., & Spellman, B. A. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.68 · Cited by 824
Affect, Cognition and Social Behavior
Chakravarti, D., Fiedler, K., Forgas, J. P., & Claxton, G. L. (1991) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172815 · Cited by 813
Cognitive vulnerability to persistent depression
Teasdale, J. D. (1988) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699938808410927 · Cited by 798 · cited 1×
“Indeed, Ingram (1984) and Teasdale (1988) both have drawn on Bower’s theory in explaining the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive disorders.”
BackgroundCoding Processes in Human Memory.
Melton, A. W., & Martin, E. (1973) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421959 · Cited by 795
A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults
Castaneda, A. E., Tuulio‐Henriksson, A., MARTTUNEN, M. J., Suvisaari, J., & Lönnqvist, J. K. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.06.006 · Cited by 755
Nolen–Hoeksema, S., Stice, E. M., Wade, E., & Bohon, C. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.198 · Cited by 754
Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety.
Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.602 · Cited by 739 · cited 1×
“Mathews & Mackintosh (2000), for example, used ambiguous scenarios to train individuals to make either positive (nonanxious) or negative (anxious) interpretations of ambiguous text.”
BackgroundCognitive processes in anxiety
Butler, G., & Mathews, A. (1983) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(83)90015-2 · Cited by 738
Hasher, L., Stoltzfus, E. R., Zacks, R. T., & Rypma, B. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.17.1.163 · Cited by 730
Mood-congruent recall of affectively toned stimuli: A meta-analytic review
Matt, G. E., Vázquez, C., & Campbell, W. K. (1992) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90116-p · Cited by 726
Life is Pleasant—and Memory Helps to Keep it that Way!
Walker, W. R., Skowronski, J. J., & Thompson, C. P. (2003) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.7.2.203 · Cited by 664
Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000518 · Cited by 660
Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect.
Morrow, J., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.58.3.519 · Cited by 645
Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect
Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519 · Cited by 645
Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.166 · Cited by 612
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.182 · Cited by 594
Self-citationSelective attention to emotional faces following recovery from depression
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.80 · Cited by 591
Self-citationCognitive Inflexibility Among Ruminators and Nonruminators
Davis, R. N., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005591412406 · Cited by 581 · cited 1×
“Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) reported that ruminators made more errors on the WCST than did nonruminators.”
BackgroundRemembering our past : studies in autobiographical memory
Rubin, D. C. (1996) · Cited by 560
Attentional bias in anxiety and depression: The role of awareness
Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Williams, R. (1995) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01434.x · Cited by 559
(2007) · Cited by 550
Automatic and effortful processing in depression.
Hartlage, S., Alloy, L. B., Vázquez, C., & Dykman, B. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.247 · Cited by 523
Uher, R., & McGuffin, P. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002067 · Cited by 508
Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression.
Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Williams, R. M., & Mathews, A. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.102.2.304 · Cited by 498
Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression.
Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Williams, R., & Mathews, A. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.2.304 · Cited by 497 · cited 5×
“Mogg et al. (1993) similarly used a modified Stroop task and presented anxiety-related, depression-related, positive, and neutral words either subliminally (followed by a mask) or supraliminally.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialConsciousness, Information Processing and Schizophrenia
Frith, C. (1979) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.134.3.225 · Cited by 483
Depression and the specificity of autobiographical memory
Williams, J. M. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527913.010 · Cited by 482
Panic—Psychological perspectives
Lindsay, S. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90021-1 · Cited by 477
The heart's eye: Emotional influences in perception and attention.
Niedenthal, P. M., & Kitayama, S. (1994) · Cited by 455
Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria
Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Lee, S. C. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00053-3 · Cited by 448
Siegle, G. J., Ghinassi, F., & Thase, M. E. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9118-6 · Cited by 444 · cited 2×
“Siegle et al. (2007), however, presented preliminary data demonstrating that a brief intervention targeted at increasing cognitive control in severely depressed outpatients led to significant decreases in both depressive symptoms and rumination.”
BackgroundJoormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.705 · Cited by 438
Self-citationAutobiographical Memory in Depression: State or Trait Marker?
Brittlebank, A. D., Scott, J. L., Mark, J., Williams, G., & Ferrier, I. N. (1993) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.162.1.118 · Cited by 420
Binding and Inhibition in Working Memory: Individual and Age Differences in Short-Term Recognition.
Oberauer, K. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.134.3.368 · Cited by 420
Biased processing of emotional information in girls at risk for depression
Joormann, J., Talbot, L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.135 · Cited by 420
Self-citationToward an information-processing analysis of depression
Ingram, R. E. (1984) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173284 · Cited by 417
Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia
Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.3.433 · Cited by 416 · cited 1×
“…individuals with panic disorder interpret descriptions of physical sensations as symptoms of catastrophic disease (Clark 1988), and individuals diagnosed with social phobia overestimate both the likelihood of negative social events and the negative consequences of these events (Foa et al. 1996).”
BackgroundRaes, F., Williams, J. M. G., & Hermans, D. (2008) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.03.001 · Cited by 411
Holmes, E. A., Lang, T. J., & Shah, D. M. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012590 · Cited by 400
Joormann, J., Siemer, M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.484 · Cited by 389
Self-citationHasher, L., Stoltzfus, E. R., Zacks, R. T., et al. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.17.1.163 · Cited by 387
Executive functions and updating of the contents of working memory in unipolar depression
Harvey, P. O., Le Bastard, G., Pochon, J. B., Levy, R., Allilaire, J. F., Dubois, B., & Fossati, P. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.03.003 · Cited by 359
Joormann, J., & Siemer, M. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.2.179 · Cited by 356
Self-citationMacLeod, C., & Hagan, R. (1992) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90138-7 · Cited by 355
Nonverbal Decoding Skills and Relationship Well-Being in Adults
Carton, J. S., Kessler, E. A., & Pape, C. L. (1999) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1021339410262 · Cited by 352
Rumination and attention in major depression
Donaldson, C., Lam, D., & Mathews, A. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.07.002 · Cited by 337
Characteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals
Ehring, T. W., Fischer, S., Schnülle, J., Bösterling, A., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.013 · Cited by 328
Cognitive disturbance in outpatient depressed younger adults: evidence of modest impairment
Grant, M. M., Thase, M. E., & Sweeney, J. A. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01072-6 · Cited by 319
Retrieving positive memories to regulate negative mood: Consequences for mood-congruent memory.
Rusting, C. L., & DeHart, T. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.737 · Cited by 315
Pattern of impaired working memory during major depression
Rose, E. J., & Ebmeier, K. P. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.11.003 · Cited by 315
Deficient inhibition of emotional information in depression
Goeleven, E., De Raedt, R., Baert, S., & Koster, E. H. W. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.007 · Cited by 308
Barch, D. M., Sheline, Y. I., Csernansky, J. G., & Snyder, A. Z. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01674-8 · Cited by 303
Attentional bias in dysphoria: The role of inhibitory processes
Joormann, J. (2004) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930244000480 · Cited by 298
Self-citationBradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Millar, N., & White, J. (1995) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.104.3.532 · Cited by 281
A cognitive model of panic attacks.
Clark, D. M. (1988) · Cited by 281
Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Millar, N., & White, J. (1995) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.3.532 · Cited by 281
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Error Processing Dysfunctions in Major Depressive Disorder
Holmes, A. J., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.19 · Cited by 277
A naturalistic visual scanning approach to assess selective attention in major depressive disorder
Eizenman, M., Yu, L., Grupp, L. A., Eizenman, E., Ellenbogen, M. A., Gemar, M. C., & Levitan, R. D. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00068-4 · Cited by 272
Selective attention and the inhibitory control of cognition
Neill, W. T., Valdes, L. A., & Terry, K. M. (1995) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012208930-5/50008-8 · Cited by 270
Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.705 · Cited by 267
Evidence for attention to threatening stimuli in depression.
Mathews, A., Ridgeway, V., & Williamson, D. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(96)00046-0 · Cited by 265
Impaired recognition of affect in facial expression in depressed patients
Rubinow, D. R., & Post, R. M. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90120-o · Cited by 264
The causal role of interpretive bias in anxiety reactivity
Wilson, E. J., MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Rutherford, E. M. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.1.103 · Cited by 262 · cited 2×
“Clearly, further studies are needed that carefully and systematically investigate interpretive biases in depression.”
BackgroundWatkins, E. R., Baeyens, C., & Read, R. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013642 · Cited by 252
Joormann, J. (2006) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9035-8 · Cited by 247
Self-citationNegative processing biases predict subsequent depressive symptoms
Rude, S. S., Wenzlaff, R. M., Gibbs, B., Vane, J., & Whitney, T. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000554 · Cited by 245
Children's strategies: contemporary views of cognitive development
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-4178 · Cited by 235
Autobiographical memory processes and the course of depression.
Brewin, C. R., Reynolds, M., & Tata, P. R. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.108.3.511 · Cited by 234
Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguity: A text comprehension study.
MacLeod, C., & Cohen, I. L. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.102.2.238 · Cited by 234
Autobiographical memory processes and the course of depression.
Brewin, C. R., Reynolds, M., & Tata, P. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.108.3.511 · Cited by 234
Valentiner, D. P., Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., & Gershuny, B. S. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.105.3.455 · Cited by 228
Joormann, J., Levens, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611415539 · Cited by 209
Self-citationDepressive deficits in memory: Focusing attention improves subsequent recall.
Hertel, P. T., & Rude, S. S. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.120.3.301 · Cited by 201
Rinck, M., & Becker, E. S. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.1.62 · Cited by 195
Medial cortex activity, self-reflection and depression
Johnson, M. K., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Mitchell, K. J., & Levin, Y. (2009) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsp022 · Cited by 194
Mechanisms of inhibition in long-term memory: A new taxonomy.
Anderson, M. C., & Bjork, R. A. (1994) · Cited by 194
Interpreting neutral faces as threatening is a default mode for socially anxious individuals
Yoon, K. L., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.117.3.680 · Cited by 190
Interpretation of Ambiguous Information in Girls at Risk for Depression
Dearing, K. F., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9259-z · Cited by 190
Self-citationMaggino, F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_304313 · Cited by 190
Raes, F., Hermans, D., Williams, J. M. G., Demyttenaere, K., Sabbe, B., Pieters, G., & Eelen, P. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.004 · Cited by 189
Biases in visual orienting to negative and positive scenes in dysphoria: an eye movement study.
Caseras, X., Garner, M., Bradley, B. P., & Mogg, K. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.491 · Cited by 189
Autobiographical memories in women remitted from major depression.
Mackinger, H. F., Pachinger, M. M., Leibetseder, M. M., & Fartacek, R. R. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.2.331 · Cited by 185
Depressive Deficits in Forgetting
Hertel, P. T., & Gerstle, M. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1467.x · Cited by 181
Ellenbogen, M. A., Schwartzman, A. E., Stewart, J., & Walker, C. (2002) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3960723 · Cited by 179
The Relationship between Social Support and Major Depression
Wade, T. D., & Kendler, K. S. (2000) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200005000-00001 · Cited by 166
Training forgetting of negative material in depression.
Joormann, J., Hertel, P. T., LeMoult, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013794 · Cited by 165
Self-citationTreatment-Resistant Depression and Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Carney, R. M., & Freedland, K. E. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08081239 · Cited by 163 · cited 1×
“Depression is frequently comorbid with other mental and physical difficulties, most often with anxiety disorders, but also with cardiac problems and smoking (e.g., Carney & Freedland 2009).”
BackgroundAttentional Bias and Mood Persistence as Prospective Predictors of Dysphoria
Beevers, C. G., & Carver, C. S. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1026347610928 · Cited by 161
Cognitive Processing of Emotional Information in Depression, Panic, and Somatoform Disorder.
Lim, S.-L., & Kim, J. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.1.50 · Cited by 158
Interpretation revealed in the blink of an eye: Depressive bias in the resolution of ambiguity.
Lawson, C., MacLeod, C., & Hammond, G. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.111.2.321 · Cited by 157
Looking happy: The experimental manipulation of a positive visual attention bias.
Wadlinger, H. A., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.121 · Cited by 157
Memory bias for emotional facial expressions in major depression
Ridout, N., Astell, A., Reid, I., Glen, T., & O'Carroll, R. (2003) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930302272 · Cited by 155
Egeland, J., Rund, B. R., Sundet, K. S., Landrø, N. I., Asbjørnsen, A. E., Lund, A., Roness, A., Stordal, K. I., & Hugdahl, K. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00146.x · Cited by 150
Control of the Contents of Working Memory--A Comparison of Two Paradigms and Two Age Groups.
Oberauer, K. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.31.4.714 · Cited by 145
Memory for Emotional and Nonemotional Events in Depression
Hertel, P. T. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158564.003.0006 · Cited by 145
Beevers, C. G., Gibb, B. E., McGeary, J. E., & Miller, I. W. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.208 · Cited by 144
Joormann, J., Hertel, P. T., Brozovich, F. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.640 · Cited by 144
Self-citationRelation between rumination and impaired memory in dysphoric moods.
Hertel, P. T. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.1.166 · Cited by 137
Enduring consequences of experimentally induced biases in interpretation
Yiend, J., Mackintosh, B., & Mathews, A. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.007 · Cited by 135
Neuroimaging and Depression: Current Status and Unresolved Issues
Gotlib, I. H., & Hamilton, J. P. (2008) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00567.x · Cited by 134
Self-citationAn experimental investigation of the cognitive vulnerability to depression
Singer, A. R., & Dobson, K. S. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.007 · Cited by 132 · cited 1×
“Similarly, Singer & Dobson (2007) found that remitted depressed patients who were instructed to ruminate during a negative mood induction had higher levels of depressed mood than did participants who were instructed to use distraction.”
BackgroundThe directed forgetting task: application to emotionally valent material
Power, M., Dalgleish, T., Cláudio, V., Tata, P. R., & Kentish, J. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00084-1 · Cited by 130
Dalgleish, T., Spinks, H., Yiend, J., & Kuyken, W. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.2.335 · Cited by 127
Inhibition, Rumination, and Mood Regulation in Depression
Joormann, J. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511720413.012 · Cited by 126
Self-citationWorking memory in clinical depression: an experimental study
Channon, S., Baker, J. E., & Robertson, M. M. (1993) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700038873 · Cited by 123
Course and outcome of depression.
BOLAND, R. J., & Keller, M. B. (2002) · Cited by 120
Depression and the interpretation of ambiguity
Lawson, C., & MacLeod, C. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00131-4 · Cited by 117
Mood-congruent cognitions constitute mood experience.
Siemer, M. (2005) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.3.296 · Cited by 113
Neural correlates of inhibitory deficits in depression
Eugène, F., Joormann, J., Cooney, R. E., Atlas, L. Y., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.07.010 · Cited by 110
Self-citationSadder and less accurate? False memory for negative material in depression.
Joormann, J., Teachman, B. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015621 · Cited by 109
Self-citationAffective Interference: An Explanation for Negative Attention Biases in Dysphoria?
Siegle, G. J., Ingram, R. E., & Matt, G. E. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1013893705009 · Cited by 106
On the Contributions of Deficent Cognitive Control to Memory Impairments in Depression
Hertel, P. T. (1997) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999397379890a · Cited by 104
Attentional allocation processes in individuals at risk for depression
Ingram, R. E., Bernet, C. Z., & McLaughlin, S. C. (1994) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02357508 · Cited by 100
Relation between rumination and impaired memory in dysphoric moods.
Hertel, P. T. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.1.166 · Cited by 100
Enright, S. J., & Beech, A. R. (1990) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170001713x · Cited by 97
Implicit and explicit memory for emotional information in non-clinical subjects
Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Williams, R. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90085-x · Cited by 89
Implicit memory bias in depression
Watkins, P. C. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000536 · Cited by 88
Unconscious memory bias in depression: Perceptual and conceptual processes.
Watkins, P. C., Martin, C. K., & Stern, L. D. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.2.282 · Cited by 85
Remembering the good times: neural correlates of affect regulation
Cooney, R. E., Joormann, J., Atlas, L. Y., Eugène, F., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f16db4 · Cited by 82
Self-citationvan Minnen, A., Wessel, I., Verhaak, C. M., & Smeenk, J. M. J. (2005) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x29648 · Cited by 81
Attention inhibition: Does it underlie ruminative thought?
Linville, P. W. (1996) · Cited by 81
Experimental evidence for a motivational origin of cognitive impairment in major depression
Scheurich, A., Fellgiebel, A., Schermuly, I., Bauer, S., Wölfges, R., & Müller, M. J. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002206 · Cited by 76
Hayden, E. P., Dougherty, L. R., Maloney, B., Olino, T. M., Sheikh, H. I., Durbin, C. E., Nürnberger, J. I., Lahiri, D. K., & Klein, D. N. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.028 · Cited by 75
Rumination and intentional forgetting of emotional material
Joormann, J., & Tran, T. B. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802416735 · Cited by 74
Self-citationDescription and measurement of concentration problems in depressed patients
Watts, F., & Sharrock, R. (1985) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170002359x · Cited by 73
Ellenbogen, M. A., Schwartzman, A. E., Stewart, J., & Walker, C.-D. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.09.001 · Cited by 72
Responding to threat: Hemispheric asymmetries and interhemispheric division of input.
Compton, R. J., Heller, W., Banich, M. T., Palmieri, P. A., & Miller, G. A. (2000) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.14.2.254 · Cited by 71
The Genetics of Mood Disorders
Lau, J. Y. F., & Eley, T. C. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131308 · Cited by 71
Dissociable Interference-Control Processes in Perception and Memory
Nee, D. E., & Jonides, J. J. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02114.x · Cited by 68
Koster, E. H. W., Leyman, L., Raedt, R. D., & Crombez, G. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.022 · Cited by 64
Bisson, M. A. S., & Sears, C. R. (2007) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930600750715 · Cited by 64
Automatic Emotion: Attention and Facial Efference
Hansen, C., & Hansen, R. D. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410560-7.50016-8 · Cited by 64
Major Depressive Disorder and Marital Transition among Mothers:
Wade, T. J., & Cairney, J. (2000) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200011000-00004 · Cited by 62
Implicit and Explicit Memory for Trauma‐Related Information in PTSDa
McNally, R. J. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48281.x · Cited by 56
RST and clinical disorders: anxiety and depression
Zinbarg, R. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819384.013 · Cited by 55
Emotion-congruent attentional biases: the perspective of hierarchical models of emotional disorders
Yovel, I., & Mineka, S. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.003 · Cited by 53
Attentional processing in clinically depressed subjects: A longitudinal investigation
McCabe, S. B., & Gotlib, I. H. (1993) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01177660 · Cited by 52
Self-citationDepression and the processing of emotional stimuli: A study of semantic priming
Matthews, G., & Southall, A. (1991) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01205174 · Cited by 47
Impaired distractor inhibition on a selective attention task in unmedicated, depressed subjects
MacQUEEN, G. M., Tipper, S. P., Young, L. T., Joffe, R. T., & LEVITT, A. J. (2000) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799001981 · Cited by 45
Dual-Task Attention Deficits in Dysphoric Mood
Rokke, P. D., Arnell, K. M., Koch, M. D., & Andrews, J. T. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.2.370 · Cited by 40
Depression: A Breakdown of Perceptual Defence?
Powell, M. P., & Hemsley, D. R. (1984) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.145.4.358 · Cited by 38
Directed forgetting in depression
Cottencin, O., Gruat, G., Thomas, P., Devos, P., Goudemand, M., & Consoli, S. M. (2008) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617708081186 · Cited by 30
Emotions and appraisals: Can you have one without the other?
Siemer, M., & Reisenzein, R. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.26 · Cited by 25
Dissociable Interference-Control Processes in Perception and
Nee, D. E., & Jonides, J. J. (2008) · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Baddeley AD, 1986, Working Memory
- Beck AT, 1983, Br. J. Cogn. Psychother., 1, 1
- Eugene F, 2009, Psychiatry Res.: Neuroimaging
- 10.1037//0021-843X.109.4.705 · DOI · Paper page
- Joormann J, 2008, Handbook of Adolescent Depression, 441
- Kessler RC, 2009, Handbook of Depression, 5
- Linville P, 1996, Ruminative Thoughts. Advances in Social Cognition, Vol. 9, 121
- 10.1037//0022-3514.69.1.176 · DOI
- 10.1037//0021-843X.111.1.107 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//0021-843X.109.4.705 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//0022-3514.61.1.115 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Slavich, G. M., & Irwin, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035302 · Cited by 2,206
Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression.
Disner, S. G., Beevers, C. G., Haigh, E. A. P., & Beck, A. T. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3027 · Cited by 1,718
Marital quality and health: A meta-analytic review.
Robles, T. F., Slatcher, R. B., Trombello, J. M., & McGinn, M. M. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0031859 · Cited by 1,764
Mind-wandering as spontaneous thought: a dynamic framework
Christoff, K., Irving, Z. C., Fox, K. C. R., Spreng, R. N., & Andrews-Hanna, J. R. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.113 · Cited by 1,376
Pechtel, P., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2009-2 · Cited by 1,352
Metadata
- Authors
- Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2010-03-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 285-312
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC2845726
- OpenAlex
- W2110004174
- Cited by
- 2,420
- References
- 179
- Citations by year
- 2026: 162 · 2025: 174 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 161 · 2022: 164 · 2021: 184 · 2020: 151 · 2019: 191 · 2018: 155 · 2017: 196 · 2016: 154 · 2015: 161 · 2014: 128 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 10.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH074849, R01MH059259)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, cognitive theories of depression, depressive cognitions, emotional dysregulation, cognitive control, rumination, working memory deficits, inhibitory processes, reward processing, therapeutic implications, genetic factors, neural factors
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Processes, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychological Theory, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
