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Tracking Euxinia in the Ancient Ocean: A Multiproxy Perspective and Proterozoic Case Study

Lyons, Timothy W., Anbar, Ariel D., Severmann, Silke, Scott, Clint, Gill, Benjamin C.·2009·Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

DOI 10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124233

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Abstract

The evolution and extinction of life are tied intimately to the oxygen state of the ocean, and particularly to the presence of anoxic and H2S-containing (euxinic) water on a global scale. Anoxia and euxinia were more common in the past, relative to today's <0.5% euxinic seafloor. We are able to constrain the distributions of these conditions through a combination of indirect numerical modeling methods and more direct geochemical proxies, with particular emphasis on Fe-S-Mo analysis of fine-grained siliciclastic rocks for the latter. Establishing the spatiotemporal pattern of oceanic redox is more difficult with very old rocks because of the limited availability of well-dated, well-preserved materials that span shallow and deep environments across time lines. Despite these difficulties, the multiple approaches synthesized in our case study point to global oxygen-deficiency in the deep ocean and perhaps euxinia during most, if not all, of the Proterozoic and likely extending into the early Paleozoic.

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Authors: Lyons, T. W., Anbar, A. D., Severmann, S., Scott, C., & Gill, B. C.
Affiliations: University of California, Riverside (US)
Arizona State University (US)
ORCID: Lyons, Timothy W.
Anbar, Ariel D.
Severmann, Silke
Scott, Clint
Gill, Benjamin C.
Venue: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2009-05-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 507-534
ISSN: 0084-6597 (ISSN-L)
1545-4495
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124233
OpenAlex: W2114106775
Cited by: 373
References: 149
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 2.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Keywords: euxinia, ocean anoxia, hydrogen sulfide, siliciclastic sedimentary rock, paleo-oxygenation, Lower Paleozoic, evolution of life

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Tracking Euxinia in the Ancient Ocean: A Multiproxy Perspective and Proterozoic Case Study

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