The Genetics of Aging
Abstract
The genetic analysis of life span has only begun in mammals, invertebrates, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, and yeast. Even at this primitive stage of the genetic analysis of aging, the physiological observations that rate of metabolism is intimately tied to life span is supported. In many examples from mice to worms to flies to yeast, genetic variants that affect life span also modify metabolism. Insulin signaling regulates life span coordinately with reproduction, metabolism, and free radical protective gene regulation in C. elegans. This may be related to the findings that caloric restriction also regulates mammalian aging, perhaps via the modulation of insulin-like signaling pathways. The nervous system has been implicated as a key tissue where insulin-like signaling and free radical protective pathways regulate life span in C. elegans and Drosophila. Genes that determine the life span could act in neuroendocrine cells in diverse animals. The involvement of insulin-like hormones suggests that the plasticity in life spans evident in animal phylogeny may be due to variation in the timing of release of hormones that control vitality and mortality as well as variation in the response to those hormones. Pedigree analysis of human aging may reveal variations in the orthologs of the insulin pathway genes and coupled pathways that regulate invertebrate aging. Thus, genetic approaches may identify a set of circuits that was established in ancestral metazoans to regulate their longevity.
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Aging is a genetically regulated process defined by progressive decline of somatic cell functions with age.
“Aging is a genetically regulated process that is defined by progressive decline of somatic cell functions with age (46, 70).”
From Unraveling a Multifactorial Late-Onset Disease: From Genetic Susceptibility to Disease Mechanisms for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2009) · cites this paper as [46]
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Exceptional Familial Clustering for Extreme Longevity in Humans
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Kleemeier Award Lecture: Are There Genes for Aging?
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Genetic control of size in Drosophila.
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Does growth hormone prevent or accelerate aging?
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Effects of growth hormone on hypothalamic catalase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase1
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Increased hsp22 RNA Levels in Drosophila Lines Genetically Selected for Increased Longevity
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Adaptive evolution of a candidate gene for aging in Drosophila
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History and prospects: symposium on organisms with slow aging
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Neuroendocrine Influences and Repercussions of the Menopause
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LIVING TO 100: LESSONS IN LIVING TO YOUR MAXIMUM POTENTIAL AT ANY AGE
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The genetic and molecular mechanisms of motor neuron disease
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Brain Poly(A)RNA During Aging: Stability of Yield and Sequence Complexity in Two Rat Strains
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Microglia and Aging in the Brain
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Latent capacities for gametogenic cycling in the semelparous invertebrate Nereis.
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Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., & Dunaif, A. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1034 · Cited by 1,947 · see citing works
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DAF-16 Target Genes That Control <i>C. elegans</i> Life-Span and Metabolism
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Self-citationGut microbiome and aging: physiological and mechanistic insights
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Metabolic Syndrome, Aging and Involvement of Oxidative Stress
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Mitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
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The redox stress hypothesis of aging
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Calorie restriction and sirtuins revisited
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Insulin and its receptor: structure, function and evolution
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Genetics of Aging in the Fruit Fly,<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
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Genome-environment interactions that modulate aging: powerful targets for drug discovery
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The evolutionary theories of aging revisited - a mini-review
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- Authors
- Finch, C. E., & Ruvkun, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 435-462
- ISSN
- 1527-8204 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-293X
- OpenAlex
- W2103268140
- Cited by
- 446
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- aging, lifespan, longevity, insulin-like signaling, caloric restriction, metabolism, free radical protection, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, yeast, neuroendocrine cells, reproduction, pedigree analysis, human aging, evolution of longevity
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Humans, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic
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