Cited by 2,083Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

Buonomano, Dean V., Merzenich, Michael M.·1998·Annual Review of Neuroscience

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Abstract

It has been clear for almost two decades that cortical representations in adult animals are not fixed entities, but rather, are dynamic and are continuously modified by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they represent. The rules governing this cortical representational plasticity following manipulations of inputs, including learning, are increasingly well understood. In parallel with developments in the field of cortical map plasticity, studies of synaptic plasticity have characterized specific elementary forms of plasticity, including associative long-term potentiation and long-term depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Investigators have made many important strides toward understanding the molecular underpinnings of these fundamental plasticity processes and toward defining the learning rules that govern their induction. The fields of cortical synaptic plasticity and cortical map plasticity have been implicitly linked by the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity underlies cortical map reorganization. Recent experimental and theoretical work has provided increasingly stronger support for this hypothesis. The goal of the current paper is to review the fields of both synaptic and cortical map plasticity with an em…

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“The arrangement and constant rearrangement of spine function and structure are thought to be essential for the regulatory function of the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Katz and Shatz, 1996).”
Background
Chapter 74 LTP-like plasticity in human motor cortex
Ziemann, U. (2004) · Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70410-6 · Cited by 32
Continual Learning in a Multi-Layer Network of an Electric Fish
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“Work on learning in neural systems has focused largely on the effects of plasticity at synapses that provide direct input to the neurons being studied (Bear and Malenka, 1994; Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Caporale and Dan, 2008; Knudsen, 1994).”
Background
High intensity VNS disrupts VNS-mediated plasticity in motor cortex
Morrison, R. A., Danaphongse, T. T., Abe, S. T., Stevens, M. E., Ezhil, V., Seyedahmadi, A., Adcock, K. S., Rennaker, R. L., Kilgard, M. P., & Hays, S. A. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147332 · Cited by 32
Computational anatomy for studying use-dependant brain plasticity
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“…decades of research on the topic and empirical evidence for ongoing plasticity in the mature human brain we are still far away from understanding the basic neurobiological principles underlying plasticity (for review see Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Dayan and Cohen, 2011; Zatorre et al., 2012).”
Background
Early Withdrawal of Axons from Higher Centers in Response to Peripheral Somatosensory Denervation
Graziano, A., & Jones, E. G. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5388-08.2009 · Cited by 32
“Sprouting has hitherto been represented as a leading mechanism for inducing cortical reorganization (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Merzenich, 1998; Darian-Smith and Brown, 2000; Kaas and Florence, 2001; Kaas et al., 2007).”
Background
Age-related decrease of the chorda tympani nerve terminal field in the nucleus of the solitary tract is prevented by dietary sodium restriction during development
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Axonal and synaptic remodeling in the mature cerebellar cortex
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Neuroplasticity of the Sensorimotor Cortex during Learning
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“There are several recent publications on changes that take place to the synaptic substrate during sensorimotor learning [33, 48, 55], and as previously mentioned on changes in the sensorimotor map [7, 30, 31, 56].”
Background
Distinct Laminar Requirements for NMDA Receptors in Experience-Dependent Visual Cortical Plasticity
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Environmental enrichment causes a global potentiation of neuronal responses across stimulus complexity and lamina of sensory cortex
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“…et al., 1972; Globus et al., 1973; Greenough and Volkmar, 1973; Uylings et al., 1978; Sirevaag and Greenough, 1987; Rosenzweig and Bennett, 1996; Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Van Praag et al., 2000; Li and Tang, 2005; Nithianantharajah and Hannan, 2006; Sale et al., 2009), and increased…”
BackgroundInfluential
Emergence of Optimal Decoding of Population Codes Through STDP
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“The resulting allocation of cortical resources in proportion to relevance is strongly reminiscent of experimentally observed training-dependent cortical map plasticity (Buonomano & Merzenich, 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
When is electrical cortical stimulation more likely to produce afterdischarges?
Lee, H. W., Webber, W. R., Crone, N. E., Miglioretti, D. L., & Lesser, R. P. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.10.001 · Cited by 31
“…connections (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Abbott and Regehr, 2004; Chklovskii et al., 2004), or in the functional state of the network as a whole (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Sanes and Donoghue, 2000; Nudo, 2003; Haider et al., 2007), and are consistent with the idea that rapid adaptive…”
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“…are triggered via the activation of the related outcomes (goals) which are “suggested” by the current environment situation (within PFC circuits) but are then “filtered” by the animal internal states attributing differential incentive values to them (through the BLA/IC-NAc-PL neural pathway).”
Background
Altered connectivity patterns among resting state networks in patients with ischemic white matter lesions
Ding, J., Ding, X., Hua, B., Xiong, X., Wen, Y., Ding, Z., Wang, Q., & Thompson, P. M. (2017) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9793-9 · Cited by 30
“Even so, in some cases, cortical plasticity may enable the brain to reorganize by forming new neural or strengthened functional connections (Nudo et al. 1996; Buonomano and Merzenich 1998; Dancause et al. 2005).”
Background
A repetitive intracortical microstimulation pattern induces long-lasting synaptic depression in brain slices of the rat primary somatosensory cortex
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An associative network with spatially organized connectivityPreprint
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Intra– and inter–hemispheric network dynamics supporting object recognition and speech production
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“…the enhancement of direct functional connectivity using the concept that cortical regions with significant, simultaneous, and sustained high-frequency neural responses beyond a chance level are likely involved in a coordinated interaction (Singer, 1993, 2018; Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998).”
Effects of Lower Limb Reciprocal Pedalling Exercise on Motor Function after Stroke: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies
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Increased excitability of cortical neurons induced by associative learning: an ex vivo study
Bekisz, M., Garkun, Y., Wabno, J., Hess, G., Wróbel, A., & Kossut, M. M. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07453.x · Cited by 29
“In the adult neocortex, representational maps can be modified by sensory experience and by learning (Kossut, 1992; Buonomano & Merzenich, 1998; Kilgard et al., 2002; Feldman & Brecht, 2005; Ohl & Scheich, 2005; Weinberger et al., 2009).”
Background

Authors: Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID: Buonomano, Dean V.
Merzenich, Michael M.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1998-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 149-186
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149
OpenAlex: W2158935809
Cited by: 2,083
References: 192
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 98
FWCI: 8.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (10414)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: cortical plasticity, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, learning rules
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

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