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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
Abstract
It has been clear for almost two decades that cortical representations in adult animals are not fixed entities, but rather, are dynamic and are continuously modified by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they represent. The rules governing this cortical representational plasticity following manipulations of inputs, including learning, are increasingly well understood. In parallel with developments in the field of cortical map plasticity, studies of synaptic plasticity have characterized specific elementary forms of plasticity, including associative long-term potentiation and long-term depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Investigators have made many important strides toward understanding the molecular underpinnings of these fundamental plasticity processes and toward defining the learning rules that govern their induction. The fields of cortical synaptic plasticity and cortical map plasticity have been implicitly linked by the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity underlies cortical map reorganization. Recent experimental and theoretical work has provided increasingly stronger support for this hypothesis. The goal of the current paper is to review the fields of both synaptic and cortical map plasticity with an em…
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“These theoretical predictions are entirely consistent with empirical and computational characterisations of plasticity [56],[57].”
From Hierarchical Models in the Brain (2008) · cites this paper as [56]
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“Long-term potentiation (LTP) is believed to be the key mechanism for storing sensory information in the brain (Kaas, 1991; Bliss and Collingridge, 1993; Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Kandel, 2001; LeDoux, 2003).”
BackgroundEffects of memory training on cortical thickness in the elderly
Engvig, A., Fjell, A. M., Westlye, L. T., Moberget, T., Sundseth, Ø., Larsen, V. A., & Walhovd, K. B. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.041 · Cited by 391
“Plasticity and reorganization of neural systems have recently been studied in both animals and humans (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; DeFelipe, 2006; Jones et al., 2006; Martin et al., 2000).”
BackgroundEack, S. M., Hogarty, G. E., Cho, R. Y., Prasad, K. M. R., Greenwald, D. P., Hogarty, S. S., & Keshavan, M. S. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.63 · Cited by 360
Targeting the CREB pathway for memory enhancers
Tully, T., Bourtchouladze, R., Scott, R., & Tallman, J. F. (2003) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1061 · Cited by 355
Adaptation by binding: a learning account of cognitive control
Verguts, T., & Notebaert, W. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.02.007 · Cited by 379
Brain plasticity: From pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic applications
Duffau, H. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2005.11.045 · Cited by 381
Neurodegenerative disease and adult neurogenesis
Winner, B., Kohl, Z., & Gage, F. H. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07613.x · Cited by 405
“Brain plasticity in the adult, originally conceived of as changes at the level of synaptic transmission, synaptic contacts and gene expression (reviewed in Buonomano & Merzenich, 1998), became a more complicated concept when the continuous generation of neural Correspondence: F. H. Gage, as above.”
BackgroundOptimal Degrees of Synaptic Connectivity
Litwin-Kumar, A., Harris, K. D., Axel, R., Sompolinsky, H., & Abbott, L. F. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.030 · Cited by 356
Metadata
- Authors
- Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1998-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 149-186
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- OpenAlex
- W2158935809
- Cited by
- 2,083
- References
- 192
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 98
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (10414)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cortical plasticity, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, learning rules
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses
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