Cited by 2,083Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

Buonomano, Dean V., Merzenich, Michael M.·1998·Annual Review of Neuroscience

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Abstract

It has been clear for almost two decades that cortical representations in adult animals are not fixed entities, but rather, are dynamic and are continuously modified by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they represent. The rules governing this cortical representational plasticity following manipulations of inputs, including learning, are increasingly well understood. In parallel with developments in the field of cortical map plasticity, studies of synaptic plasticity have characterized specific elementary forms of plasticity, including associative long-term potentiation and long-term depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Investigators have made many important strides toward understanding the molecular underpinnings of these fundamental plasticity processes and toward defining the learning rules that govern their induction. The fields of cortical synaptic plasticity and cortical map plasticity have been implicitly linked by the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity underlies cortical map reorganization. Recent experimental and theoretical work has provided increasingly stronger support for this hypothesis. The goal of the current paper is to review the fields of both synaptic and cortical map plasticity with an em…

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Ko, H., Choi, J., Park, D. I., Kang, S. J., Lim, C., Sim, S.-E., Shim, J., Kim, J., Kim, S., Choi, T.-H., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.059 · Cited by 52
“Studies have demonstrated cortical rewiring in the adult brain induced by peripheral injury or sensory stimulation (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Jain et al., 1998; Merzenich et al., 1984; Zhuo, 2008).”
Background
Modulation of motor function and cortical plasticity in health and disease
Celnik, P., & Cohen, L. (2004) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2004-00272 · Cited by 58
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Sensory cortical dynamics
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Effects of Training on Recognition of Musical Instruments Presented through Cochlear Implant Simulations
Driscoll, V. D., Oleson, J., Jiang, D., & Gfeller, K. E. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Audiology · doi:10.3766/jaaa.20.1.7 · Cited by 53
“Cortical plasticity, which is defined as change that occurs in information processing functions of the brain (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998), is an important factor in auditory rehabilitation in adults.”
Background
Dynamic Reorganization of Digit Representations in Somatosensory Cortex of Nonhuman Primates after Spinal Cord Injury
Chen, L. M., Qi, H., & Kaas, J. H. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1841-12.2012 · Cited by 53
“Plastic changes after spinal cord injuries exist at multiple relay stations along the ascending pathway (for review, see Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Jones, 2000; Kaas et al., 2008).”
Background
Frequency‐dependent tactile responses in rat brain measured by functional MRI
Sanganahalli, B. G., Hermán, P., & Hyder, F. (2008) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.1259 · Cited by 53
“This model may also be used to map adjacent somatosensory representations by fMRI and to study cortical reorganization or plasticity (47).”
Method
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Explorations in Learning and the Brain
de Jong, T., van Gog, T., Jenks, K., Manlove, S., van Hell, J. G., Jolles, J., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., van Leeuwen, T. H., & Boschloo, A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89512-3 · Cited by 55
The effects of aging on visual memory: evidence for functional reorganization of cortical networks
Bennett, P., Sekuler, A. B., McIntosh, A. R., & Della‐Maggiore, V. (2001) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(01)00037-3 · Cited by 53
Influences of un-modulated acoustic inputs on functional maturation and critical-period plasticity of the primary auditory cortex
Zhou, X., Nagarajan, N., Mossop, B. J., & Merzenich, M. M. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.026 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Environmental influence on recovery after brain lesions - experimental and clinical data
Johansson, B. B. (2003) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/16501960310010089 · Cited by 53
Dissecting natural sensory plasticity: hormones and experience in a maternal context
Miranda, J. A., & Liu, R. C. (2009) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.014 · Cited by 52
“This model focuses on representational plasticity in the mammalian AC, a critical site for encoding behaviorally relevant stimuli in a plastic manner (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Keuroghlian and Knudsen, 2007).”
Background
Training‐induced neuroanatomical plasticity in ADHD: A tensor‐based morphometric study
Hoekzema, E. A., Carmona, S., Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., Barba‐Müller, E., Bielsa, A., Tremols, V., Rovira, M., Soliva, J. C., Casas, M., Bulbena, A., et al. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21143 · Cited by 53
Non-plastic reorganization of frequency coding in the inferior colliculus of the rat following noise-induced hearing loss
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Increasing stimulus similarity drives nonmonotonic representational change in hippocampus
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Regulation of Brain Proteolytic Activity Is Necessary for theIn VivoFunction of NMDA Receptors
Kvajo, M., Albrecht, H., Meins, M., Hengst, U., Troncoso, E., Lefort, S., Kiss, J. Z., Petersen, C. C. H., & Monard, D. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3306-04.2004 · Cited by 51
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Dynamic Use of Tactile Afferent Signals in Control of Dexterous Manipulation
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Plasticity in the Rat Posterior Auditory Field Following Nucleus Basalis Stimulation
Puckett, A. C., Pandya, P. K., Moucha, R., Dai, W., & Kilgard, M. P. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01309.2006 · Cited by 52
Sleep deprivation but not a whisker trim increases nerve growth factor within barrel cortical neurons
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Authors: Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID: Buonomano, Dean V.
Merzenich, Michael M.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1998-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 149-186
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149
OpenAlex: W2158935809
Cited by: 2,083
References: 192
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 98
FWCI: 8.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (10414)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: cortical plasticity, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, learning rules
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

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