Cited by 2,083Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

Buonomano, Dean V., Merzenich, Michael M.·1998·Annual Review of Neuroscience

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Abstract

It has been clear for almost two decades that cortical representations in adult animals are not fixed entities, but rather, are dynamic and are continuously modified by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they represent. The rules governing this cortical representational plasticity following manipulations of inputs, including learning, are increasingly well understood. In parallel with developments in the field of cortical map plasticity, studies of synaptic plasticity have characterized specific elementary forms of plasticity, including associative long-term potentiation and long-term depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Investigators have made many important strides toward understanding the molecular underpinnings of these fundamental plasticity processes and toward defining the learning rules that govern their induction. The fields of cortical synaptic plasticity and cortical map plasticity have been implicitly linked by the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity underlies cortical map reorganization. Recent experimental and theoretical work has provided increasingly stronger support for this hypothesis. The goal of the current paper is to review the fields of both synaptic and cortical map plasticity with an em…

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“As explained in [29], we know today that “cortical representations are not ﬁxed entities, but rather, are dynamic and are continuously modiﬁed by experience”.”
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Disrupted cortical function underlies behavior dysfunction due to social isolation
Miyazaki, T., Takase, K., Nakajima, W., Tada, H., Ohya, D., Sano, A., Goto, T., Hirase, H., Malinow, R., & Takahashi, T. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63060 · Cited by 70
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“Specifically, accumulating evidence highlighted that the human adult brain still retains a considerable amount of plasticity (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Draganski and May, 2008; Recanzone et al., 1992, 1993; Reetzke et al., 2018; Thomas and Baker, 2013).”
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Intrinsic excitability mechanisms of neuronal ensemble formation
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“…(Lisman et al., 2018; Marder and Goaillard, 2006; Pérez-Ortega et al., 2021; Pignatelli et al., 2019; Xu, 2005) and to the generation of intrinsic circuit states, such as for ensembles and circuit attractors (Buzsáki, 2010; Carrillo-Reid et al., 2019, 2016; Hopfield, 1982; Miller et al., 2014).”
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Short-term variations in response distribution to cortical stimulation
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“…patterns we found seem best explained by alterations in neuronal excitability or refractory periods, in synaptic strengths of existing connections (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Abbott and Regehr, 2004; Chklovskii et al., 2004), or in the functional state of the network as a whole (Buonomano and…”
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Loss and recovery of voluntary hand movements in the macaque following a cervical dorsal rhizotomy
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Authors: Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID: Buonomano, Dean V.
Merzenich, Michael M.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1998-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 149-186
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149
OpenAlex: W2158935809
Cited by: 2,083
References: 192
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 98
FWCI: 8.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (10414)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: cortical plasticity, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, learning rules
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

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