Cited by 2,083Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

Buonomano, Dean V., Merzenich, Michael M.·1998·Annual Review of Neuroscience

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Abstract

It has been clear for almost two decades that cortical representations in adult animals are not fixed entities, but rather, are dynamic and are continuously modified by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they represent. The rules governing this cortical representational plasticity following manipulations of inputs, including learning, are increasingly well understood. In parallel with developments in the field of cortical map plasticity, studies of synaptic plasticity have characterized specific elementary forms of plasticity, including associative long-term potentiation and long-term depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Investigators have made many important strides toward understanding the molecular underpinnings of these fundamental plasticity processes and toward defining the learning rules that govern their induction. The fields of cortical synaptic plasticity and cortical map plasticity have been implicitly linked by the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity underlies cortical map reorganization. Recent experimental and theoretical work has provided increasingly stronger support for this hypothesis. The goal of the current paper is to review the fields of both synaptic and cortical map plasticity with an em…

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“In the longer time period other mechanisms start to play their role, such as long-term potentiation, with its increase in Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, and long-term depression (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998).”
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Self-citation
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“It is well documented that training perceptual and motor skills induces changes in the structural and functional organization of sensory and motor areas in laboratory settings (Bao et al., 2004; Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Polley et al., 2006; Zhou and Merzenich, 2007).”
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Olfactory Bulb Mitral-Tufted Cell Plasticity: Odorant-Specific Tuning Reflects Previous Odorant Exposure
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Transient and Persistent Representations of Odor Value in Prefrontal Cortex
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Large-scale reorganization of the somatosensory cortex following spinal cord injuries is due to brainstem plasticity
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Cortical Areas
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“, 2007) analogies between deafferentation related tinnitus and deafferentation related pain, and the fact that synaptic and map plasticity changes are similar in all sensory domains (Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998; Donoghue, 1995; Feldman, 2009; Kaas, 1991), it would also be of interest to verify if thismultiphase plas…”
Properties and plasticity of the primate somatosensory and motor cortex related to orofacial sensorimotor function
Sessle, B. J., Yao, D., Nishiura, H., Yoshino, K., Lee, J., Martin, R. E., & Murray, G. M. (2005) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04137.x · Cited by 105
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“In the primary somatosensory cortex of adult monkeys, peripheral denervation has been shown to produce a reorganization of the cortical topographic map in the deafferented region (Buonomano & Merzenich 1998).”
Background
Against cortical reorganisation
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“From a physiological perspective, cortical plasticity is largely attributed to the strengthening and weakening of pre-existing synaptic connections based on experience (e.g. Hebbian plasticity; Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998 ).”
Background
Activity-dependent organization of inhibitory circuits: lessons from the auditory system
Kandler, K. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.01.017 · Cited by 106
Developmental processes and brain imaging studies in Tourette syndrome
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Authors: Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID: Buonomano, Dean V.
Merzenich, Michael M.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1998-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 149-186
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149
OpenAlex: W2158935809
Cited by: 2,083
References: 192
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 98
FWCI: 8.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (10414)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: cortical plasticity, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, learning rules
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses

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CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps

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