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The Experience of Emotion
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Abstract Experiences of emotion are content-rich events that emerge at the level of psychological description, but must be causally constituted by neurobiological processes. This chapter outlines an emerging scientific agenda for understanding what these experiences feel like and how they arise. We review the available answers to what is felt (i.e., the content that makes up an experience of emotion) and how neurobiological processes instantiate these properties of experience. These answers are then integrated into a broad framework that describes, in psychological terms, how the experience of emotion emerges from more basic processes. We then discuss the role of such experiences in the economy of the mind and behavior.
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“Individuals who construct instances of emotion that are lower in granularity represent a range of negatively (or positively) valenced experiences using the same emotion word.[84][85][86]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [85]
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Woldarsky, V. (2019) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20191503012 · Cited by 20
Shame in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizure: A narrative review
Reuber, M., Roberts, N. A., Levita, L., Gray, C., & Myers, L. (2021) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2021.10.017 · Cited by 27
Lteif, L., Rubin, D., Ball, J., & Lamberton, C. P. (2023) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21856 · Cited by 20
Significant Accomplishments, New Challenges, and New Perspectives
D’Mello, S. K., & Calvo, R. A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9625-1_19 · Cited by 20
“Affective states arise out of complex multi-level interactions between disparate systems operating across multiple time scales (Barrett et al. 2007; Russell 2003; Scherer 2009a).”
BackgroundAre there facial indicators of positive emotions in birds? A first exploration in Japanese quail
Bertin, A., Cornilleau, F., Lemarchand, J., Boissy, A., Leterrier, C., Nowak, R., Calandreau, L., Blache, M., Boivin, X., Arnould, C., et al. (2018) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.06.015 · Cited by 20
“From an evolutionary perspective, both positive and negative emotions have adaptive functions such as the regulation of avoidance and approach behaviours (Panksepp 2004; Barrett et al. 2007).”
Using Network Analysis for Examining Interpersonal Emotion Dynamics
Bar‐Kalifa, E., & Sened, H. (2019) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2019.1624147 · Cited by 20
Elsayed, N. M., Vogel, A. C., Luby, J. L., & Barch, D. M. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.018 · Cited by 22
Silva, J. R. (2008) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082008000100009 · Cited by 21
Finding the attractor of anger: Bridging the gap between dynamic concepts and empirical data.
Hoeksma, J. B., Oosterlaan, J., Schipper, E. M., & Koot, H. M. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.638 · Cited by 20
Human Behavior in Military Contexts
Gratch, J. S., Blascovich, J. J., Chemers, M. M., Hunt, E. B., Ilgen, D. R., Larsen, R. L., Mayer, R. E., O'Neil, J. H., McLaughlin, A. J., Patel, V. L., et al. (2008) · Cited by 20
Multimodal-multisensor affect detection
D’Mello, S. K., Bosch, N., & Chen, H. (2018) · ACM eBooks · doi:10.1145/3107990.3107998 · Cited by 20
“…whether they arise via appraisals/reappraisals or are they products of socio-constructivism, and whether emotions are universally expressed or if context and culture shape emotion expression [Barrett 2006; Barrett et al. 2007; Ekman 1992; Ekman 1994; Gross and Barrett 2011; Izard 1994; Izard 2010].”
BackgroundPaulus, F. M., Müller‐Pinzler, L., Meshi, D., Peng, T., Mateo, M. M., & Krach, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2019.00011 · Cited by 20
“This a legitimate approach as most research on affective experiences rests on some sort verbal report such as questionnaires, dairies or other artifacts of communication to infer subjective experiences of an individual (Barrett et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSzulczewski, M. T. (2019) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-019-09438-y · Cited by 21
“2013), a tool based on the two dimensional model of affect (Barrett et al. 2007; Russell 2003).”
MethodEvaluación de la Formación Emocional Inicial Docente en Chile
Silva, R. B., Fernández, S. M., Mendoza, L., & Poblete-Christie, O. (2020) · Revista de Estudios y Experiencias en Educación · doi:10.21703/rexe.20201939bachler5 · Cited by 19
Affective responses to exercise: Measurement considerations for practicing professionals
Zenko, Z., & Ladwig, M. A. (2021) · Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology eBooks · doi:10.51224/b1012 · Cited by 23
“These core affective feelings are universal to all humans and present from birth (Barrett et al., 2007).”
BackgroundYan, W. M., Liu, X., Shan, B., Zhang, X., & Pu, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.771591 · Cited by 20
“Firstly, the conceptual study of emotions, including definition, dimension, and measurement (e.g., Ashforth and Humphrey, 1995; Barrett et al., 2007).”
BackgroundNguyen, G. N., & Ho, T. T. H. (2022) · Innovative Marketing · doi:10.21511/im.18(1).2022.07 · Cited by 19
The physiological study of emotional piloerection: A systematic review and guide for future research
McPhetres, J., & Zickfeld, J. (2022) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.010 · Cited by 26
“In contrast, classical theories of emotion propose that individual emotions would have specific patterns of physiological activation identifying them (Barrett et al., 2007).”
Distinguishing dimensions of emotion dynamics across 12 emotions in adolescents’ daily lives.
Reitsema, A. M., Jeronimus, B. F., van Dijk, M., Ceulemans, E., van Roekel, E., Kuppens, P., & de Jonge, P. (2022) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001173 · Cited by 24
Ahmadboukani, S., Fathi, D., Karami, M., Bashirgonbadi, S., Mahmoudpour, A., & Molaei, B. (2022) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1020 · Cited by 19
“maintaining, modifying, or changing the intensity or persistence of inner feelings and emotions associated with psychosocial, physical, and social processes in achieving one's goals.(36) The ability to regulate cognitive emotion is universal.”
BackgroundB2B Buyers' emotions and regulatory focus in justice and switch back decisions
Chugh, R., Gould, A. N., Leach, M. P., & Liu, A. H. (2023) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.12.012 · Cited by 19
Success in reaching affect self-regulation goals through everyday music listening
Randall, W. M., Baltazar, M., & Saarikallio, S. H. (2022) · Journal of New Music Research · doi:10.1080/09298215.2023.2187310 · Cited by 26
“…represents the hedonic component of affect and is commonly polarised as positive–negative or pleasurable–displeasurable, whereas arousal represents the activation component of affect and is commonly polarised as low arousal–high arousal or calm–energetic (Barrett et al., 2007; Russell, 2003).”
BackgroundChanging feelings: Individual differences in emotional inertia
Koval, P., & Kuppens, P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95604-8.00007-1 · Cited by 24
An emotion understanding framework for intelligent agents based on episodic and semantic memories
Kazemifard, M., Ghasem-Aghaee, N., Koenig, B. L., & Ören, T. I. (2013) · Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems · doi:10.1007/s10458-012-9214-9 · Cited by 21
Modeling the Experience of Emotion
Broekens, J. (2010) · International Journal of Synthetic Emotions · doi:10.4018/jse.2010101601 · Cited by 20
“Each study sheds light on the six previously mentioned aspects of a phenomenal description as proposed in (Barrett et al., 2007), by explaining or predicting parts of the content of emotion experience.”
BackgroundInfluentialEmpirical aesthetics: hindsightand foresight
Vartanian, O. A. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139207058.003 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-01-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 373-403
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC1934613
- OpenAlex
- W2129134806
- Cited by
- 1,425
- References
- 277
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0527440)
- National Institutes of Health (R01 MH58147, MH58147)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 # MH58147, K02MH001981, R01 MH66957, R01MH058147, MH 58147, R01MH066957)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- emotions, subjective experience, emotional content, affective neuroscience, emergence of consciousness, mind-brain relationship, emotion and behavior
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Emotions, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Internal-External Control, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Social Behavior, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
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