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The Experience of Emotion
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Abstract Experiences of emotion are content-rich events that emerge at the level of psychological description, but must be causally constituted by neurobiological processes. This chapter outlines an emerging scientific agenda for understanding what these experiences feel like and how they arise. We review the available answers to what is felt (i.e., the content that makes up an experience of emotion) and how neurobiological processes instantiate these properties of experience. These answers are then integrated into a broad framework that describes, in psychological terms, how the experience of emotion emerges from more basic processes. We then discuss the role of such experiences in the economy of the mind and behavior.
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“Individuals who construct instances of emotion that are lower in granularity represent a range of negatively (or positively) valenced experiences using the same emotion word.[84][85][86]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [85]
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“Furthermore, the impact of students’ emotional comfort on their views of learning experiences as described by Barrett, Mesquita, Ochsner, and Gross (2007), was evident in this work and in fact the findings of this work align with what was reported therein.”
ResultReward-Based Learning and Emotional Habit Formation in the Cerebellum
Pierce, J. E., & Péron, J. (2022) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_9 · Cited by 14
Handedness: What Kangaroos Tell Us about Our Lopsided Brains
Vallortígara, G. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.036 · Cited by 13
Affective Brain-Computer Interfaces
Calvo, R. A., D’Mello, S. K., Gratch, J. S., Kappas, A., Mühl, C., Heylen, D., & Nijholt, A. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199942237.013.024 · Cited by 13
Narratives of Dreams and Waking Thoughts: Emotional Processing in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Mariani, R., Gennaro, A., Monaco, S., Trani, M. D., & Salvatore, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745081 · Cited by 17
“, 2005) that distinct neural pathways do not serve distinct emotions, but that two underlying neurophysiological dimensions are used to organize emotions: that of arousal (the extent to which an emotion is associated with an individual sensation of energy) and valence (the extent to which an emotion reflects a negativ…”
BackgroundSt‐Amour, S., Cailhol, L., Ruocco, A. C., & Bernard, P. (2022) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.7495 · Cited by 16
“An experimental procedure was implemented to induce a state of negative affect, which is a common approach in affective science research (Barrett et al., 2007; Barrett & Bliss‐Moreau, 2009; Kuppens et al., 2013; Posner et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodNeuroart: picturing the neuroscience of intentional actions in art and science
Siler, T. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00410 · Cited by 13
“…the heart of the brain: a region where thoughts, feelings and emotions meld as they’re integrated and interpreted by the whole brain (Siler, 1986; Feldman et al., 2007) via the web of connections linking the prefrontal cortex and limbic system structures (Boeree, 2011) and providing feedback to…”
BackgroundEmotional experience modulates brain activity during fixation periods between tasks
Pitroda, S. P., Angstadt, M., McCloskey, M. S., Coccaro, E. F., & Phan, K. L. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.050 · Cited by 13
“Emotional states are believed to have evolved from reflexive reactions to stimuli that provided immediate survival functions, and can be characterized as motivationally tuned states of preparedness to decode stimulus salience in the external–internal environment and to adaptively guide an organism [2,3,17].”
Nonlinear neural representation of emotional feelings elicited by dynamic naturalistic stimulation
Viinikainen, M., Glerean, E., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Kettunen, J., Sams, M. E., & Nummenmaa, L. (2012) · Cited by 13
Enactive Cognition and the Neurophenomenology of Emotion
Robbins, B. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7239-1_1 · Cited by 9
Critical Incidents, Emotions, and Value-Added Moments: The London 2012 Spectator Experience
Emery, P. R., Kerr, A. K., & Crabtree, R. M. (2016) · Event Management · doi:10.3727/152599516x14745497664433 · Cited by 13
Emotional reactivity: Beware its involvement in traffic accidents
M’Baïlara, K., Atzeni, T., Contrand, B., Derguy, C., Bouvard, M. P., Lagarde, E., & Galéra, C. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.019 · Cited by 12
Animal abuse as an outcome of poor emotion regulation: A preliminary conceptualization
Parfitt, C. H., & Alleyne, E. K. A. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.06.010 · Cited by 13
“This permits an individual to be aware of the values, goals and needs contained within the emotion experience (Barrett et al., 2007).”
BackgroundLiang, Y., Liu, X., Qiu, L., & Zhang, S. (2018) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2018/1943565 · Cited by 13
“In any case, there is no doubt that emotion and cognition have an inextricable relationship and a continual interaction during problem-solving processes [5, 6].”
BackgroundAnd sympathy is what we need my friend—Polite requests improve negotiation results
Maaravi, Y., Idan, O., & Hochman, G. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212306 · Cited by 13
“It allows people to acquire, organize, and use the concept knowledge that is an essential element in emotion perceptions [34,10].”
BackgroundToward a Deep Science of Affect and Motivation
Knutson, B. D., & Srirangarajan, T. (2019) · Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/The Nebraska symposium on motivation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27473-3_7 · Cited by 14
AutisMitr: Emotion Recognition Assistive Tool for Autistic Children
Singh, A., & Dewan, S. (2020) · Open Computer Science · doi:10.1515/comp-2020-0006 · Cited by 13
“Understanding emotions involves biologic andphysicalprocesses,andreferstothepotentialofdistin-guishing the emotions of others [32].”
BackgroundBanerjee, A., Bhattacharya, U., & Bera, A. (2022) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v36i1.19873 · Cited by 13
Back to the Basics of Mate Choice: The Evolutionary Importance of Darwin’s Sense of Beauty
Rodríguez, R. L. (2020) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/711781 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-01-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 373-403
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC1934613
- OpenAlex
- W2129134806
- Cited by
- 1,425
- References
- 277
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0527440)
- National Institutes of Health (R01 MH58147, MH58147)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 # MH58147, K02MH001981, R01 MH66957, R01MH058147, MH 58147, R01MH066957)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- emotions, subjective experience, emotional content, affective neuroscience, emergence of consciousness, mind-brain relationship, emotion and behavior
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Emotions, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Internal-External Control, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Social Behavior, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
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