Cited by 1,425Philosophy and Theoretical ScienceNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesEmotions and Moral Behavior

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The Experience of Emotion

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Barrett, Lisa Feldman, Mesquita, Batja, Ochsner, Kevin N., Gross, James J.·2007·Annual Review of Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709PMC PMC1934613

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Abstract

Abstract Experiences of emotion are content-rich events that emerge at the level of psychological description, but must be causally constituted by neurobiological processes. This chapter outlines an emerging scientific agenda for understanding what these experiences feel like and how they arise. We review the available answers to what is felt (i.e., the content that makes up an experience of emotion) and how neurobiological processes instantiate these properties of experience. These answers are then integrated into a broad framework that describes, in psychological terms, how the experience of emotion emerges from more basic processes. We then discuss the role of such experiences in the economy of the mind and behavior.

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Background
Traité de psychologie des émotions
Dan‐Glauser, E. (2014) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.sande.2014.01.0234 · Cited by 6
Artificial Empathic Memory
Dudzik, B., Hung, H., Neerincx, M. A., & Broekens, J. (2018) · doi:10.1145/3267799.3267801 · Cited by 6
“These judgments can be seen as partial mental representations of the emotional qualities of experiences [2].”
We do not exist in an affective vacuum! Cross-level effects of trait affect and group affective properties on individual performance
Yeo, G., Andrei, D. M., Hall, S. E., Tang, R. L., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2019) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2019.04.007 · Cited by 6
Revisiting Edwin Black: Exhortation as a Prelude to Emotional–Material Rhetoric
Marinelli, K. (2016) · Rhetoric Society Quarterly · doi:10.1080/02773945.2016.1151927 · Cited by 6
Neural bases of judgment and decision making
Vartanian, O. A., & Mandel, D. R. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139015684.005 · Cited by 6
“Sentio ergo est”: Unmasking the psychological realities of emotional misperception
Tsikandilakis, M., Bali, P., Karlis, A., Morfi, P., Mével, P.-A., Madan, C. R., & Milbank, A. G. (2024) · Perception · doi:10.1177/03010066241302996 · Cited by 6
Exploring the continuum of music listening for emotion regulation with university students: A meta-ethnography
Lee, J., Ridder, H. M. O., & Lindvang, C. (2025) · Nordic Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1080/08098131.2025.2488756 · Cited by 9
“The classical view of emotion (including basic emotion theories and causal appraisal theories; Barrett et al., 2007; Gross & Barrett, 2011) proposed that each emotion category shares a distinctive pattern of autonomic nervous system activity (a meta-phorical “fingerprint”), and each emotion…”
When emotions begin to teach: examining non-social emotions in online viewers’ comments on videos featuring slum tourism in Dharavi, India
Baquiran, C. C., Dizon, A. F. J., Mora, A. M. D., Reyes, M. A. C., Mesana, J. C. B., & de Guzman, A. B. (2025) · Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events · doi:10.1080/19407963.2025.2507632 · Cited by 6
“Furthermore, emotions intrinsically embody a qualitative state of pleasure or displeasure, frequently accompanied by varying intensities of arousal (Barrett et al., 2007).”
Emotional impact of the number and combination of sound sources in green and blue spaces: An auditory study
Huang, S., Huang, Y., Bai, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Kong, F., & Liu, Q. (2025) · Applied Acoustics · doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111052 · Cited by 5
Food Emotional Perception and Eating Willingness Under Different Lighting Colors: A Preliminary Study Based on Consumer Facial Expression Analysis
Shu, Y., Gao, H., Wang, Y., & Wei, Y. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14193440 · Cited by 5
“Consumer emotions not only represent positive or negative evaluations of stimuli but also reflect contextual and social evaluations of emotional experiences [33].”
Association of affective state with the assimilation of daily pain expectancy and pain experience
Finan, P. H., Hunt, C., Mun, C. J., Lerman, S. F., Tennen, H. A., Smith, M. T., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002624 · Cited by 7
New horizons in emotional well‐being and brain aging: Potential lessons from cross‐species research
Lin, F. V., Zuo, Y., Conwell, Y., & Wang, K. H. (2023) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5936 · Cited by 7
“consider the role of a central emotion state in further linking these pieces (stimuli, behavior and other responses, and subjective feelings).(22,47,48) By synthesizing principles from the two approaches, unique emotional processes involved in explaining EWB among”
Background
Impact of Allied Factors on Investment Performance, Mediating Role of Investment Decision: Evidence from Investors in Lahore
Bokhari, S. U., Sulehri, F. A., Hassan, N. U., & Aziz, B. (2023) · Journal of Education and Social Studies · doi:10.52223/jess.20234103 · Cited by 5
Dirty Entrepreneurship: The Intersectionality of Entrepreneurs’ Dirty Recycling Businesses
Shepherd, D. A., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2024) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587241304707 · Cited by 5
“…mechanisms that link the cornerstones of satisfaction and no worries with a dirty business (and vice versa) where emotion ‘‘encompasses the general phenomenon of subjective feelings (Barsade, 2002, p. 646) of pleasure or displeasure (Barrett et al., 2007)’’ (Cardon et al., 2012, p. 2).”
The Unnoticed Absence of Emotion in Autobiographical Memory
Beike, D. R. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00027.x · Cited by 5
Having Entrepreneurial Friends and Following Them? The Role of Friends’ Displayed Emotions in Students’ Career Choice Intentions
Zhu, F., Fan, S. X., & Zhao, L. (2019) · Journal of Enterprising Culture · doi:10.1142/s021849581950016x · Cited by 7
Sinful pleasures and pious woes? Using fMRI to examine evaluative and hedonic emotion knowledge
Lee, K. M., Lee, S., & Satpute, A. B. (2022) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsac024 · Cited by 6
“Emotion knowledge likely comes online alongside other processes involved in directing attention, driving autonomic changes, preparing for or initiating motor responses, etc. (Barrett et al., 2007; Satpute et al., 2013).”
Background
Children’s relationship problems and the role of adaptive functioning, emotion dysregulation and parental cognitive restructuring
Sebre, S. B., Bite, I., Miltuze, A., & Koļesovs, A. (2022) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2022.2084067 · Cited by 5
“Barrett et al. (2007) have emphasized the need for a strong vocabulary in order to establish ‘emotional granularity,’ the ability to accurately distinguish between specific emotions and to identify appropriate responses in order to regulate emotions effectively.”
Background
Emoções e Museus de Ciência: Um Estudo com Visitas de Famílias ao Museu de Microbiologia do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo
Scalfi, G., Massarani, L., Gonçalves, W., & Marandino, M. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências · doi:10.28976/1984-2686rbpec2022u11091146 · Cited by 5
A reliable and robust online validation method for creating a novel 3D Affective Virtual Environment and Event Library (AVEL)
Mavridou, I., Balaguer-Ballester, E., Nduka, C., & Seiss, E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278065 · Cited by 5
Psycholinguistic and cognitive-semiotic dimensions of constructing fear in horror films: A multimodal perspective
Krysanova, T. (2023) · East European Journal of Psycholinguistics · doi:10.29038/eejpl.2023.10.1.kry · Cited by 5
The standardization of a new Explicit Pornographic Picture Set (EPPS)
Prantner, S., Giménez‐García, C., Espino‐Payá, A., Escrig, M. A., Ruiz‐Padial, E., Ballester‐Arnal, R., & Pastor, M. C. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02418-z · Cited by 5
Subjective experiences of occupational participation in autistic adolescents in the US: A multiple-case study using experience sampling methodology
Dallman, A., & Bailliard, A. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Science · doi:10.1080/14427591.2024.2393163 · Cited by 5
Emotion Recognition Using EEG Signals through the Design of a Dry Electrode Based on the Combination of Type 2 Fuzzy Sets and Deep Convolutional Graph Networks
Rad, S. M., & Danishvar, S. (2024) · Biomimetics · doi:10.3390/biomimetics9090562 · Cited by 5
Musique et émotion
Fernando, N., Egermann, H., Chuen, L., Kimbembé, B., & McAdams, S. E. (2014) · Anthropologie et Sociétés · doi:10.7202/1025813ar · Cited by 5
Differences between feelings, emotions and desires in terms of interactive quality
Cookson, L. J. (2015) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.27.1318 · Cited by 5
Cultural Influences on the Structure of Emotion: An Investigation of Emotional Situations Described by Individuals from Cambodia, Japan, UK and US
Kikutani, M., Ikemoto, M., Russell, J. A., Roberson, D. D., & Collage, B. (2016) · International journal of applied psychology · Cited by 5
A Qualitative Study of Emotional Intelligence and Its Underlying Processes and Outcomes in Management Studies
Lindebaum, D. (2015) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1746-979120150000011006 · Cited by 7

Authors: Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J.
Affiliations: Boston College (US)
Wake Forest University (US)
Columbia University (US)
Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Barrett, Lisa Feldman
Mesquita, Batja
Ochsner, Kevin N.
Gross, James J.
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2007-01-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 1
Pages: 373-403
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709
PMC: PMC1934613
OpenAlex: W2129134806
Cited by: 1,425
References: 277
Citations by year: 2026: 95 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 66
FWCI: 4.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0527440)
National Institutes of Health (R01 MH58147, MH58147)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01 # MH58147, K02MH001981, R01 MH66957, R01MH058147, MH 58147, R01MH066957)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: emotions, subjective experience, emotional content, affective neuroscience, emergence of consciousness, mind-brain relationship, emotion and behavior
MeSH terms: Affect, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Emotions, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Internal-External Control, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Social Behavior, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Imaging, Three-Dimensional

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