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The Experience of Emotion
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Abstract Experiences of emotion are content-rich events that emerge at the level of psychological description, but must be causally constituted by neurobiological processes. This chapter outlines an emerging scientific agenda for understanding what these experiences feel like and how they arise. We review the available answers to what is felt (i.e., the content that makes up an experience of emotion) and how neurobiological processes instantiate these properties of experience. These answers are then integrated into a broad framework that describes, in psychological terms, how the experience of emotion emerges from more basic processes. We then discuss the role of such experiences in the economy of the mind and behavior.
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“Individuals who construct instances of emotion that are lower in granularity represent a range of negatively (or positively) valenced experiences using the same emotion word.[84][85][86]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [85]
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Emotional skills for entrepreneurial success: the promise of entrepreneurship education and policy
Aly, M., Audretsch, D. B., & Grimm, H. (2021) · The Journal of Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/s10961-021-09866-1 · Cited by 74
Somatization is associated with deficits in affective Theory of Mind
Stonnington, C. M., Locke, D. E. C., Hsu, C., Ritenbaugh, C., & Lane, R. D. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.04.004 · Cited by 74
“situated conceptualization [42].”
Alzola, M. (2012) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq201222224 · Cited by 79
Alkilani, K., Ling, K. C., & Abzakh, A. A. (2012) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v9n1p262 · Cited by 79
Vanlessen, N., Raedt, R. D., Koster, E. H. W., & Pourtois, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.001 · Cited by 82
Xu, Y., Hamid, N., Shepherd, D., Kantono, K., & Spence, C. J. (2019) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.05.002 · Cited by 72
The consciousness state space (CSS)—a unifying model for consciousness and self
Berkovich‐Ohana, A., & Glicksohn, J. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00341 · Cited by 79
“Other theories emphasized the importance of time (including Neisser, 1988; Stuss et al., 2001; Newen and Vogeley, 2003; Zelazo, 2004) or emotions (including Lambie and Marcel, 2002; Panksepp, 2005; Barrett et al., 2007; Tsuchiya and Adolphs, 2007) in relation to selfhood.”
BackgroundInfluentialAffective mapping: An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis
Kirby, L. A. J., & Robinson, J. L. (2015) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.04.006 · Cited by 72
The Functional Neural Architecture of Self-Reports of Affective Experience
Satpute, A. B., Shu, J., Weber, J., Roy, M., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.001 · Cited by 72
“We reasoned that making statements even as simple as “I feel good” or “I feel bad” that communicate a unified affective sentiment may involve the engagement of distinct neural systems (23).”
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Enhancing their quality of life: environmental enrichment for poultry
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“In contrast, affective states are long lasting moods that result from an individual’s accumulated experience (Russell, 2003; Barrett et al., 2007).”
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“emotional stimuli [11], the antecedents and consequents of emotions such as bodily and behavioral reactions [5, 12,”
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“These early theories are broadly supported by the modern neuroscientifically-informed model of emotional experience comprising rapid emotional reactions (‘core-affect’), which can be modulated by contextual factors, attentional states and cognitive appraisal [45].”
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“…in Human Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org September 2014 | Volume 8 | Article 728 | 1 HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE dynamic, socially mediated, inferential process (Barrett et al., 2007; Immordino-Yang, 2010; Seth, 2013) that is shaped by childhood and adolescent social experience (Eisenberg et al., 2006).”
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Kron, A., Schul, Y., Cohen, A., & Hassin, R. R. (2010) · Journal of experimental psychology. General · doi:10.1037/a0020008 · Cited by 81
Language and Discourse Are Powerful Signals of Student Emotions during Tutoring
D’Mello, S. K., & Graesser, A. C. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2012.10 · Cited by 66
“These dimensions of affective expressions are qualitatively similar to valence and arousal, which are considered to be two of the fundamental dimensions of affective experience [23].”
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Social and physical anhedonia and valence and arousal aspects of emotional experience
Kerns, J. G., Docherty, A. R., & Martin, E. A. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013601 · Cited by 66
The interaction between cognition and emotion
Liu, Y., Fu, Q., & Fu, X. (2009) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0632-2 · Cited by 70
Metadata
- Authors
- Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-01-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 373-403
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC1934613
- OpenAlex
- W2129134806
- Cited by
- 1,425
- References
- 277
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0527440)
- National Institutes of Health (R01 MH58147, MH58147)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 # MH58147, K02MH001981, R01 MH66957, R01MH058147, MH 58147, R01MH066957)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- emotions, subjective experience, emotional content, affective neuroscience, emergence of consciousness, mind-brain relationship, emotion and behavior
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Emotions, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Internal-External Control, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Social Behavior, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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