The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition
Abstract
This study was conducted to validate the relationship between bioelectrical conductance (ht2/R) and densitometrically determined fat-free mass, and to compare the prediction errors of body fatness derived from the tetrapolar impedance method and skinfold thicknesses, relative to hydrodensitometry. One-hundred and fourteen male and female subjects, aged 18–50 yr, with a wide range of fat-free mass (34–96 kg) and percent body fat (4–41%), participated. For males, densitometrically determined fat-free mass was correlated highly (r = 0.979), with fat-free mass predicted from tetrapolar conductance measures using an equation developed for males in a previous study. For females, the correlation between measured fat-free mass and values predicted from the combined (previous and present male data) equation for men also was strong (r = 0.954). The regression coefficients in the male and female regression equations were not significantly different. Relative to hydrodensitometry, the impedance method had a lower predictive error or standard error of the estimates of estimating body fatness than did a standard anthropometric technique (2.7 vs. 3.9%). Therefore this study establishes the validity and reliability of the tetrapolar impedance method for use in assessment of body composition in healthy humans.
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In the citing paper
“The BIA equation developed in this study (R2 = 0.97; SRMSE= 1.99) was similar to or better than those obtained with other equations designed with comparable sample sizes, such as that of Lukasky (84 males; 67 females) [27] based on hydrodensitometry (R2 = 0.96; SEE = 3.06), or of Baumgartner (35 males; 63 females)[28] based on a four compartment model (R2 = 0.91; SEE = 2.47).”
In the citing paper
“The body composition variables selected in the final model of this study have been reported as the best predictors in BIA equations designed to estimate FFM [25-27].”
In the citing paper
“The explanation for this could be that limb length and body weight are positively related to resistance, which is the main predictor of FFM estimated with BIA [27].”
In the citing paper
“There is limited information available regarding EQ3 development sample.The subjects ranged in age from 19 to 50 years, and the mean FFM was 60.2 kg, which was notably higher than our sample (Lukaski et al., 1986).”
From External validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis equations for body composition against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Mexican recreational runners (2025) · cites this paper as Lukaski et al., 1986
In the citing paper
“The Lukaski (22) and Kushner (21) equations provided estimates that were unaffected by the participants' body weight, but only the Lukaski equation ( 22) provided unbiased estimates.”
From Comparison of Body Composition Methods in Obese African‐American Women (2006) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used in population and clinical studies as a technique for estimating body composition.”
From Prediction of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis in young adults from five populations of African origin (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used as a less expensive alternative for estimating body composition in both adults and children (3).”
From Prediction of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis in young adults from five populations of African origin (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“The BIA 101 Akern is a valid and reliable alternative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of body composition and has been used in various other studies [7,52–54].”
From How reliable is the labeling of a commercial phytosteroid product? A 12-week randomized double-blind training study (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
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Body composition by bioelectric impedance and densitometry in black women
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“ml solution per kg lean body mass, as estimated using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA 103, RJL Systems, Detroit, MI, USA) [15, 18].”
MethodInsulin regulation of leptin synthesis and secretion in humans: the model of myotonic dystrophy
Gómez, J. M., Molina, A., Fernández-Castañer, M., et al. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00675.x · Cited by 23
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Determination of body fluids by the impedance technique
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ESTIMATION OF HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION BY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS
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Cardiovascular and adrenergic response to exercise in obese subjects
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Biexponential Model for Predicting Weight Loss after Gastric Surgery for Obesity
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“The correlation between body composition determination by BIA and other standard techniques is very good [18, 19].”
BackgroundPreoperative Assessment of Body Fluid Disturbances in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice
Ruiz, F. J. P., Rodríguez, M. E. T., Gallardo, J. M., Andicoberry, B., Naranjo, A., Martín‐Malo, A., Miño, G., Sitges‐Serra, A., & Pera-Madrazo, C. (1999) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/pl00012368 · Cited by 22
Parent-of-origin effects on voluntary exercise levels and body composition in mice
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Body Composition Analysis in Critically Ill Survivors
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A Genome Scan among Nigerians Linking Resting Energy Expenditure to Chromosome 16
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Use of Skinfolds and Bioelectrical Impedance for Body Composition Assessment After Weight Reduction
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Prado, C. M. M., Gonzalez, M. C., Norman, K., Orsso, C. E., Barazzoni, R., Cederholm, T., Compher, C. W., Jensen, G. L., Abe, T., Barbosa-Silva, T. G., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101283 · Cited by 28
“Notably, the equation by Lukaski et al. [74] and the proprietary BIA equation used in the device showed the strongest agreement with the reference method, whereas the Segal et al. [75] equation, despite being developed for individuals with severe obesity, did not show comparable accuracy [65].”
Low energy availability in group of Polish female soccer players
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Does Body Position Influence Bioelectrical Impedance? An Observational Pilot Study
Więch, P., Wołoszyn, F., Trojnar, P., Skórka, M., & Bazaliński, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19169908 · Cited by 23
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Ground roasted peanuts leads to a lower post-prandial glycemic response than raw peanuts.
Reis, C. E. G., Bordalo, L. A., Rocha, A. L. C., Freitas, D., Silva, M. V. L. D., de Faria, V. C., Martino, H. S. D., Costa, N. M. B., & Alfenas, R. D. C. G. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.1590/s0212-16112011000400012 · Cited by 22
“(1986).(31) Participants were instructed not to use diuretics 7 days before the assessment, not to exercise on the preceding 12 hours, not to drink alcohol on the preceding 48 hours and to avoid drinking any beverage before the test.”
BackgroundDynamic hyperinflation and exercise limitations in obese asthmatic women
Ferreira, P. G., Freitas, P. D., da Silva, A. G., Porras, D. C., Stelmach, R., Cukier, A., Fernandes, F. L. A., Martins, M. A., & Carvalho, C. R. F. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00655.2016 · Cited by 21
“Bioelectrical impedance was used to determine lean and fat body mass according to a standardized protocol (35).”
MethodAnalysis of Sport Supplement Consumption and Body Composition in Spanish Elite Rowers
Domínguez, R., López-Domínguez, R., López‐Samanes, Á., Gené, P., González-Jurado, J. A., & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123871 · Cited by 22
“[23] and the Declaration of the Spanish Group of Kinanthropometry [24], taking into account the considerations of Sergi et al.”
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Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition measurements in anorexia nervosa
Hannan, W. J., Cowen, S. J., Freeman, C. P. L., & Shapiro, C. M. (1990) · Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0143-0815/11/3/003 · Cited by 22
Hsu, J. W.-C., Kriengsinyos, W., Wykes, L., Rafii, M., Goonewardene, L. A., Ball, R. O., & Pencharz, P. B. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.4.958 · Cited by 25
“Lean body mass was calculated from reactance and resistance (25), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (model 101A; RJL Systems) and fat-free mass was calculated from density derived from the 4 skinfold thicknesses (26), measured by a skinfold caliper (British Indicator).”
Methodde Vries, W. R., Abdesselam, S. A., Schers, T. J., MAAS, H. C. M., Osman-Dualeh, M., Maitimu-Smeele, I., & Koppeschaar, H. P. F. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.34697 · Cited by 21
USE OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS TO ASSESS BODY COMPOSITION OF SEALS
Gales, R., Renouf, D., & Worthy, G. A. J. (1994) · Marine Mammal Science · doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00385.x · Cited by 21
Bioelectrical-impedance analysis as a measure of body composition in a West Indian population
Young, R. E., & Sinha, D. (1992) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.6.1045 · Cited by 21
Ruperto, M., & Barril, G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15245036 · Cited by 20
“The BIA technique has been validated as a method of body composition analysis for controls [43] and for HD patients [44,45].”
MethodDeana, C., Gunst, J., Rosa, S. D., Umbrello, M., Danielis, M., Biasucci, D. G., Piani, T., Cotoia, A., Molfino, A., & Vetrugno, L. (2024) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-024-01262-w · Cited by 20
“High PA correlates with large quantities of intact cell membranes and body cell mass. Whole-body impedance measurements were taken according to the standard protocols available [20].”
MethodAssessment of the sensitivity of bioimpedance to volume changes in body water
Bradbury, M. G., Smye, S. W., & Brocklebank, J. T. (1995) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/bf02254204 · Cited by 19
Predicting live and carcass lean using bioelectrical impedance technology in pigs
Marchello, M. J., Berg, P. T., Swantek, P. M., et al. (1999) · Livestock Production Science · doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(98)00199-7 · Cited by 20
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis as an Assessment of Diuresis in Congestive Heart Failure
Coodley, E. L., Segal, J. L., Smith, D. H. G., et al. (1995) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/106002809502901103 · Cited by 20
Rivera, D. I. C., Messaggi-Sartor, M., Rodriguez, D. A., Escalada, F., Gea, J., Orozco‐Levi, M., & Marco, E. (2014) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2014.30.6.7934 · Cited by 19
New insights into body composition assessment in obese women
LORENZO, A. D., Sorge, R. P., Candeloro, N., Campli, C. D., Sesti, G., & Lauro, R. D. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-77-1-17 · Cited by 20
Salvadego, D., Sartório, A., Agosti, F., Tringali, G., Patrizi, A., LoMauro, A., Aliverti, A., & Grassi, B. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2993-8 · Cited by 19
Bioimpedance in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia
da Silva, E. G., Carvalhães, M. A. D. B. L., Hirakawa, H. S., da Silva, E. G., & Peraçoli, J. C. (2010) · Hypertension in Pregnancy · doi:10.3109/10641950903116523 · Cited by 19
Meneguelli, T. S., Hinkelmann, J. V., de Novaes, J. F., Rosa, C. D. O. B., Filgueiras, M. D. S., Silveira, B. K. S., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., & Hermsdorff, H. H. M. (2019) · Journal of Food and Nutrition Research · doi:10.12691/jfnr-7-7-2 · Cited by 19
“Percentage of body fat (%BF) was estimated by horizontal tetrapolar electric bioimpedance (Biodynamics® 310 model, Washington, USA), according to the protocol proposed [34], and values > 20% for men and > 30% for women were considered as excessive body fat [35].”
MethodRejc, E., di Prampero, P. E., Lazzer, S., Grassi, B., Šimunič, B., Pišot, R., Antonutto, G., & Narici, M. V. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3024-5 · Cited by 19
Anxiety, depression, hunger and body composition: III. Their relationships in obese patients
Cugini, P., Cilli, M., Salandri, A., et al. (1999) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03339726 · Cited by 19
Karsegard, V. L., Raguso, C. A., Genton, L., et al. (2004) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.03.011 · Cited by 19
Reference values of the bioimpedance vector components in a Caribbean population
Nescolarde, L., Núñez, A., Bogónez-Franco, P., et al. (2013) · e-SPEN Journal · doi:10.1016/j.clnme.2013.04.004 · Cited by 19
Hetzler, R. K., Kimura, I. F., Haines, K., LaBotz, M., & Smith, J. U. (2006) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 19
Vasilaras, T. H., Raben, A., & Astrup, A. V. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801630 · Cited by 19
Altered interorgan response to feeding in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
ENGELEN, M. P. K. J., Rutten, E. P. A., de Castro, C. L. N., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.2.366 · Cited by 19
“FFM of the patients with COPD was calculated by using a patient’s specific regression equation as described by Steiner et al (12), whereas FFM of the healthy control subjects was calculated by using a specific equation for elderly men as described by Lukaski et al (13).”
MethodEffects of Meal and Its Electrolytes on Bioelectrical Impedance
Fogelholm, M., Sievänen, H. T., Kukkonen-Harjula, K. T., Oja, P., & Vuori, I. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1268-8_75 · Cited by 21
Kööbi, Kähönen, Koskinen, Kaukinen, & Turjanmaa (2000) · Clinical Physiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00261.x · Cited by 18
Béghin, L., Gottrand, F., Michaud, L., et al. (2003) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000086020.21796.8b · Cited by 19
“The precision of fat free mass measurement using bio-impedance analysis 2% (49).”
MethodDanielewicz, A. L., Marra, A., Tringali, G., Micheli, R. D., Abbruzzese, L., Fanari, P., Codecasa, F., Lazzer, S., Mendonça, V. A., Lacerda, A. C. R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1366229 · Cited by 20
Parasitic Effects on Electrical Bioimpedance Systems: Critical Review
Bertemes-Filho, P., Marcôndes, D. W. C., & Paterno, A. S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22228705 · Cited by 18
Brazilian guide to nutrition in bariatric and metabolic surgery
Pereira, S., Rossoni, C., Cambi, M. P. C., Faria, S. L., Magno, F. C. C. M., Campos, T. B. F. D., Petry, T. B. Z., da Silva, S. A., Pereira, A. Z., Umeda, L. M., et al. (2023) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-023-02868-7 · Cited by 30
Podstawy teoretyczne i zastosowania analizy impedancji bioelektrycznej (BIA)
Lewitt, A., Mądro, E., & Krupienicz, A. (2007) · Via Medica Journals · Cited by 18
Svensson, M. K. E., & Eriksson, J. W. (2011) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1271622 · Cited by 17
Silveira, B. K. S., de Novaes, J. F., Reis, N. D. A., Lourenço, L. P., Capobiango, A. H. M., Ribeiro, S. A. V., & Hermsdorff, H. H. M. (2018) · Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2018/4585412 · Cited by 18
Ng, C. L., Reaz, M. B. I., Crespo, M. L., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71709-0 · Cited by 18
Mountain Hiking vs. Forest Therapy: A Study Protocol of Novel Types of Nature-Based Intervention
Pichler, C., Freidl, J., Bischof, M., Kiem, M., Weisböck-Erdheim, R., Huber, D., Squarra, G., Murschetz, P. C., & Hartl, A. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073888 · Cited by 19
““Body composition” was measured at T1–T3 by a four-terminal impedance analyzer (BIA-101, RJL Systems; Detroit, Detroit, MI, USA) with two electrodes fixed on the right hand and the other two on the right foot, according to the standard procedure described elsewhere [57].”
MethodRelationship between Changes in Body Fat and a Decline of Renal Function in the Elderly
Oh, S. W., Ahn, S. Y., Jianwei, X., Kim, K. W., Kim, S., Na, K. Y., Chae, D., Kim, S., & Chin, H. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084052 · Cited by 19
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Valine May Be the First Limiting Branched-Chain Amino Acid in Egg Protein in Men
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Continuous Hemodynamic Response to Maximal Dynamic Strength Testing in Older Adults
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Assessment of body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance in children
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Measurement of Fluid Shift in Capd Patients Using Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
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“Bioelectrical impedance was measured four times: (1) before and (2) after drainage of peritoneal dialysate, and (3) at 1 hour and (4) at 2 hours post exchange of new PD solution.”
BackgroundDifferential Impact of Obesity on Glucose Metabolism in Black and White American Adolescents
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Comparisons of body composition derived from anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance methods.
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“The trunk makes up a large proportion of total body volume (up to 46%), but due to its large cross-sectional area and short length, contributes a small amount (as little as 3%) to whole-body impedance (Brodie et al., 1998; Kyle et al., 2004a; Lukaski et al., 1986; Norgan, 2005).”
BackgroundComparison of the Non-Invasive Methods Estimating Dry Weight in Hemodialysis Patients
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lukaski, H. C., Bolonchuk, W. W., Hall, C. B., & Siders, W. A.
- ORCID
- Lukaski, H. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1986-04-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1327-1332
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2103844937
- Cited by
- 1,370
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- body composition, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, hydrodensitometry, skinfold thickness, prediction error, anthropometry, method validation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Densitometry, Electric Conductivity, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Skinfold Thickness
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