The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition
Abstract
This study was conducted to validate the relationship between bioelectrical conductance (ht2/R) and densitometrically determined fat-free mass, and to compare the prediction errors of body fatness derived from the tetrapolar impedance method and skinfold thicknesses, relative to hydrodensitometry. One-hundred and fourteen male and female subjects, aged 18–50 yr, with a wide range of fat-free mass (34–96 kg) and percent body fat (4–41%), participated. For males, densitometrically determined fat-free mass was correlated highly (r = 0.979), with fat-free mass predicted from tetrapolar conductance measures using an equation developed for males in a previous study. For females, the correlation between measured fat-free mass and values predicted from the combined (previous and present male data) equation for men also was strong (r = 0.954). The regression coefficients in the male and female regression equations were not significantly different. Relative to hydrodensitometry, the impedance method had a lower predictive error or standard error of the estimates of estimating body fatness than did a standard anthropometric technique (2.7 vs. 3.9%). Therefore this study establishes the validity and reliability of the tetrapolar impedance method for use in assessment of body composition in healthy humans.
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In the citing paper
“The BIA equation developed in this study (R2 = 0.97; SRMSE= 1.99) was similar to or better than those obtained with other equations designed with comparable sample sizes, such as that of Lukasky (84 males; 67 females) [27] based on hydrodensitometry (R2 = 0.96; SEE = 3.06), or of Baumgartner (35 males; 63 females)[28] based on a four compartment model (R2 = 0.91; SEE = 2.47).”
In the citing paper
“The body composition variables selected in the final model of this study have been reported as the best predictors in BIA equations designed to estimate FFM [25-27].”
In the citing paper
“The explanation for this could be that limb length and body weight are positively related to resistance, which is the main predictor of FFM estimated with BIA [27].”
In the citing paper
“There is limited information available regarding EQ3 development sample.The subjects ranged in age from 19 to 50 years, and the mean FFM was 60.2 kg, which was notably higher than our sample (Lukaski et al., 1986).”
From External validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis equations for body composition against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Mexican recreational runners (2025) · cites this paper as Lukaski et al., 1986
In the citing paper
“The Lukaski (22) and Kushner (21) equations provided estimates that were unaffected by the participants' body weight, but only the Lukaski equation ( 22) provided unbiased estimates.”
From Comparison of Body Composition Methods in Obese African‐American Women (2006) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used in population and clinical studies as a technique for estimating body composition.”
From Prediction of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis in young adults from five populations of African origin (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used as a less expensive alternative for estimating body composition in both adults and children (3).”
From Prediction of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis in young adults from five populations of African origin (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“The BIA 101 Akern is a valid and reliable alternative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of body composition and has been used in various other studies [7,52–54].”
From How reliable is the labeling of a commercial phytosteroid product? A 12-week randomized double-blind training study (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
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InfluentialA method for bio-electrical impedance analysis based on a step-voltage response
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MethodAssociation between Physical Literacy and Self-Perceived Fitness Level in Children and Adolescents
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MethodObesity and Physical Activity in the Daily Life of Patients with COPD
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Doubly labeled water validation of a computerized use-of-time recall in active young people
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BackgroundMethodInfluentialCross-Validation of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition in Children and Adolescents
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Body Composition Measurements for Nutrition Research
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The Association between Rapid Weight Loss and Body Composition in Elite Combat Sports Athletes
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“Then, resistance and reactance in Ohms were obtained; after this, the standard calculations detailed by the Manufacturer’s instruction and software were performed in order to obtain the skeletal muscle mass [20,21].”
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“Para a medida de BIA foi utilizada a padronização proposta por Lukaski et al. (1985, 1986).”
The fat-free mass compartment influences serum leptin in men
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Differential Impact of Obesity on Glucose Metabolism in Black and White American Adolescents
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Body Composition Profiles of Elite American Heptathletes
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Bioelectrical impedance vector distribution in the first year of life
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A comparison of four commercial systems used to measure whole-body electrical impedance
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Asymmetry of the total body water prediction bias using the impedance index
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“The measurements were performed according to a strict protocol following standardized procedures.(17) The instrument was calibrated in accord with the manufacturer’s instructions.”
MethodBody composition in underweight elderly subjects: reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis
Lupoli, L., Sergi, G., Coin, A., Perissinotto, E., Volpato, S., Busetto, L., Inelmen, E. M., & Enzi, G. (2004) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2004.05.005 · Cited by 35
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“[1], [23] has used this relationship to predict conducting volume or total”
MethodPsychomotor Vigilance Testing of Professional Drivers in the Occupational Health Clinic
Zhang, C., Varvarigou, V., Parks, P. D., Gautam, S., Bueno, A. V., Malhotra, A., & Kales, S. N. (2011) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318223d3d6 · Cited by 36
Taveira, T. H., Wu, W.-C., Tschibelu, E., Borsook, D., Simonson, D. C., Yamamoto, R. T., Langleben, D. D., Swift, R. M., & Elman, I. (2013) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881113509904 · Cited by 36
“underwater weighing and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry include low cost, ease of administration and subjects’ compliance (Lukaski et al., 1986; Segal et al., 1991).”
BackgroundFactors affecting energy cost of running during an ultra-endurance race
Lazzer, S., Taboga, P., Salvadego, D., Rejc, E., Šimunič, B., Narici, M. V., Buglione, A., Giovanelli, N., Antonutto, G., Grassi, B., et al. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.091645 · Cited by 36
“Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA, Human IM Plus, DS Dietosystem, Milan, Italy) according to a previous method (Lukaski et al., 1986).”
MethodThe effect of oral contraceptive agents on the basal metabolic rate of young women
Diffey, B., Piers, L. S., Soares, M. J., & O’Dea, K. (1997) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19970084 · Cited by 34
“The lowest resistance and reactance values were recorded and used in the equation of Lukaski et al. (1986) to estimate FFM. FM was determined from the difference between FFM and body weight.”
MethodOsei, K., & Cottrell, D. A. (1994) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02029.x · Cited by 35
Radetti, G., Fanolla, A., Grugni, G., Lupi, F., & Sartório, A. (2019) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.06.011 · Cited by 36
Procedimentos clínicos utilizados para análise da composição corporal
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Cerda-Vega, E., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., Payer, R. M., Campos‐Jara, C., Guzmán‐Guzmán, I. P., Reyes, A. P., & Ríos, L. J. C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202248 · Cited by 36
“Anthropomorphic measurements were then taken, including weight (kg), height (cm), and body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis (Bodystat, Quadscan 4000) following procedures described by Lukaski [43], from which of fatfree mass (FFM) and fat mass were obtained (Kg).”
MethodRuiz, F. J. P., Cruz, A., Briceño, J., et al. (2005) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.5091 · Cited by 35
Is There a Reliable Index of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Critically Ill Patients?
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An electrical impedance index to distinguish between normal and cancerous tissues
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Sartório, A., Lafortuna, C. L., Agosti, F., Proietti, M., & Maffiuletti, N. A. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802702 · Cited by 35
Bioelectrical impedance analysis as a means of estimating total body water in grey seals
Bowen, W. D., Beck, C. A., & Iverson, S. J. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/cjz-77-3-418 · Cited by 35
Hofsteenge, G. H., Chinapaw, M. J. M., & Weijs, P. J. M. (2015) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0476-7 · Cited by 34
“Lukaski [34] ref: underwater weighing; BIA four terminal impedance plethysmograph (RJL) 114 (47 M), 18-50y, M 26.”
BackgroundLongitudinal study of body composition changes associated with weight change and physical activity
Kyle, U. G., Zhang, F. F., Morabia, A., & Pichard, C. (2006) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2006.08.003 · Cited by 34
Alemán-Mateo, H., Rush, E. C., Esparza‐Romero, J., Ferriolli, E., Ramírez‐Zea, M., Bour, A., Yuchingtat, G., Ndour, R., Mokhtar, N., Valencia, M. E., et al. (2010) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-010-0031-z · Cited by 33
Fryk, E., Sundelin, J. P., Strindberg, L., Pereira, M. J., Federici, M., Marx, N., Nyström, F. H., Schmelz, M., Svensson, P., Eriksson, J. W., et al. (2016) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.04.003 · Cited by 34
Body water and electrolyte responses to acetazolamide in humans
Brechue, W. F., Stager, J. M., & Lukaski, H. C. (1990) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1397 · Cited by 34
“Total body water was estimated by electrical impedance (20).”
MethodSelf-citationPrediction of fat-free mass of pigs from 50 to 130 kilograms live weight.
Swantek, P. M., Marchello, M. J., Tilton, J. E., et al. (1999) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/1999.774893x · Cited by 34
Campa, F., Matias, C. N., Moro, T., Cerullo, G., Casolo, A., Teixeira, F. J., & Paoli, A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020278 · Cited by 33
Isenmann, E., Kaluza, D., Havers, T., Elbeshausen, A., Geisler, S., Hofmann, K., Flenker, U., Diel, P. R., & Gavanda, S. (2023) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-023-02671-y · Cited by 51
“Disposable tab electrodes (BIATRODES Akern Srl; Florence, Italy) were placed on the right side at metacarpal and metatarsal sites of the right wrist and ankle [39].”
BackgroundMethodFrankenfield, D. C., Cooney, R. N., Smith, J. S., & Rowe, W. A. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.3.426 · Cited by 31
“A tetrapolar electrode arrangement (dorsal aspects of the hands and feet) was used (2, 4, 5).”
MethodAssessment of Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance in Adolescent Patients With Celiac Disease
LORENZO, A. D., Campli, C. D., Andréoli, A., Sasso, G. F., Bonamico, M., & Gasbarrini, A. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01443.x · Cited by 31
Parmenter, B. J., Raymond, J., Dinnen, P., Lusby, R. J., & Singh, M. A. F. (2012) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.08.103 · Cited by 32
“Sample size, n 22 Disease duration (months) 18 (5-240) American Heart Association ABI classification, % Noncompressible 4.”
BackgroundFoley, K., Keegan, M. A., Campbell, I. T., et al. (1999) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199908000-00012 · Cited by 33
Whole Body Bioimpedance Monitoring for Outpatient Chronic Heart Failure Follow up
Tanino, Y., Shite, J., Paredes, O. L., et al. (2009) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-08-0847 · Cited by 33
Pichard, C., Kyle, U. G., & Slosman, D. O. (1999) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00122-7 · Cited by 33
Russell-Jones, D. L., Bowes, S. B., Rees, S. E., Jackson, N. C., Weissberger, A. J., Hovorka, R., Sönksen, P. H., & Umpleby, A. M. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.6.e1050 · Cited by 33
Bioelectric impedance detects fluid retention in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
Gonzalez, J., Morrissey, T. B., Byrne, T. A., Rizzo, R. J., & Wilmore, D. W. (1995) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(05)80016-9 · Cited by 33
Wallace, J. D., Abbott‐Johnson, W., Crawford, D. H., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.6.8548 · Cited by 33
Problems of nutritional assessment in the acute setting
Baxter, J. P. (1999) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19990006 · Cited by 32
“BIA is safe and non-invasive (Lukaski, 1986).”
Hydration Assessment Using the Bio-Impedance Analysis Method
AlDisi, R., Bader, Q., & Bermak, A. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22176350 · Cited by 32
Phase angle is related to outcome after ICU admission; an observational study
Buter, H., Veenstra, J., Koopmans, M., & Boerma, E. C. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.12.008 · Cited by 32
Vaccari, F., Passaro, A., D’Amuri, A., Sanz, J. M., Vece, F. D., Capatti, E., Magnesa, B., Comelli, M., Mavelli, I., Grassi, B., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04409-2 · Cited by 38
García, C. G., Vegas-Aguilar, I. M., Rioja-Vázquez, R., Cornejo-Pareja, I. M., Tinahones, F. J., & García‐Almeida, J. M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15030522 · Cited by 33
“Standard whole-body tetrapolar measurements were performed according to the manufacturer’s guidelines [23].”
MethodBasal metabolic rate in morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Tarantino, G., Marra, M., Contaldo, F., & Pasanisi, F. (2008) · Clinical and investigative medicine · doi:10.25011/cim.v31i1.3138 · Cited by 32
Ghroubi, S., Elleuch, W., Abid, L., Abdenadher, M., Kammoun, S., & Elleuch, M. H. (2012) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2012.10.006 · Cited by 35
“Mesure de la composition corporelle La masse maigre (MM) et la masse grasse (MG) ont été évaluées par impédancemétrie, tôt le matin, après le jeûne nocturne, selon une technique standard conventionnelle [31].”
BackgroundMethodSjöholm, K., Lundgren, M., Olsson, M. M., & Eriksson, J. W. (2009) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2009.08.005 · Cited by 33
Schultheiss, C., Schauer, T., Nahrstaedt, H., & Seidl, R. O. (2013) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-013-2406-3 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Lukaski, H. C., Bolonchuk, W. W., Hall, C. B., & Siders, W. A.
- ORCID
- Lukaski, H. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1986-04-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1327-1332
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2103844937
- Cited by
- 1,370
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- body composition, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, hydrodensitometry, skinfold thickness, prediction error, anthropometry, method validation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Densitometry, Electric Conductivity, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Skinfold Thickness
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