Estrogen replacement in middle-aged women: thermoregulatory responses to exercise in the heat
Abstract
Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and body fluid responses during exercise in the heat were tested in five middle-aged (48 +/- 2 yr) women before and after 14-23 days of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). The heat and exercise challenge consisted of a 40-min rest period followed by semirecumbent cycle exercise (approximately 40% maximal O2 uptake) for 60 min. At rest, the ambient temperature was elevated from a thermoneutral (dry bulb temperature 25 degrees C; wet bulb temperature 17.5 degrees C) to a warm humid (dry bulb temperature 36 degrees C; wet bulb temperature 27.5 degrees C) environment. Esophageal (Tes) and rectal (Tre) temperatures were measured to estimate body core temperature while arm blood flow and sweating rate were measured to assess the heat loss response. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured to evaluate the cardiovascular response. Blood samples were analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin ([Hb]), plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), protein, and electrolyte concentrations. Plasma [E2] was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated by ERT without affecting the plasma [P4] levels. After ERT, Tes and Tre were significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by approximately 0.5 degrees C, and the Tes threshold for the onset of arm blood flow and sweating rate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower during exercise. After ERT, heart rate during exercise was significantly lower (P < 0.05) without notable variation in mean arterial pressure. Isotonic hemodilution occurred with ERT evident by significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Hct and [Hb], whereas plasma tonicity remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women reduces resting rectal temperature by ~0.5°C.
“Also, studies of the effects of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women show a reduction in resting rectal temperature (by ~0.5°C) [103,104].”
From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [104]
Estrogen replacement of ovariectomized rats improves the maintenance of core temperature during heat stress, similar to postmenopausal women.
“Thus, similar to postmenopausal women (Tankersley et al., 1992), estrogen replacement of ovariectomized rats improves the maintenance of core temperature during heat stress.”
From Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes (2013) · cites this paper as Tankersley et al., 1992
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Skin blood flow in adult human thermoregulation: How it works, when it does not, and why
Charkoudian, N. (2003) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/78.5.603 · Cited by 1,041 · see citing works
“5 °C.(4,5) This apparently small threshold shift results in large increases in skin blood flow for any given level of core temperature during heating (Figure 2).”
BackgroundAnatomy and Physiology of the Skin
Kolarsick, P. A. J., Kolarsick, M. A., & Goodwin, C. (2011) · Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association · doi:10.1097/jdn.0b013e3182274a98 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms, sleep, and the menstrual cycle
Baker, F. C., & Driver, H. S. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.09.011 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
“Estrogen, on the other hand, lowers body temperature [11,12].”
BackgroundHuman temperature regulation under heat stress in health, disease, and injury
Cramer, M. N., Gagnon, D., Laitano, O., & Crandall, C. G. (2022) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00047.2021 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Mechanisms and modifiers of reflex induced cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans
Charkoudian, N. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00298.2010 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
“Estrogen replacement therapy (without concomitant progesterone) causes a decrease in the threshold for cutaneous vasodilation during body heating (4, 80), whereas including a progesterone component appeared to reverse this effect (4).”
BackgroundEffects of the Menstrual Cycle on Exercise Performance
de Jonge, X. J. (2003) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200333110-00004 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Rance, N. E., Dacks, P. A., Mittelman-Smith, M. A., Romanovsky, A. A., & Krajewski-Hall, S. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.003 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
“Thus, similar to postmenopausal women (Tankersley et al., 1992), estrogen replacement of ovariectomized rats improves the maintenance of core temperature during heat stress.”
BackgroundTemperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle
Baker, F. C., Siboza, F., & Fuller, A. (2020) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2020.1735927 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Thermoregulatory Responses to Acute Exercise‐Heat Stress and Heat Acclimation
Sawka, M. N., Wenger, C. B., & PANDOLF, K. B. (1996) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp040109 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Mittelman‐Smith, M. A., Williams, H., Krajewski, S. J., McMullen, N. T., & Rance, N. E. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1211517109 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“Although the mechanism remains to be determined, these findings are relevant to understanding thermoregulatory dysfunction in menopausal women, who tolerate heat stress better after estrogen replacement therapy (52).”
BackgroundEstrogen modifies the temperature effects of progesterone
Stachenfeld, N. S., Silva, C., & Keefe, D. L. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1643 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“During the menstrual cycle (32) and during short-term estrogen administration (29, 34), high estrogen levels in the blood are associated with plasma volume expansion.”
BackgroundSex differences in mortality after heat waves: are elderly women at higher risk?
van Steen, Y., Ntarladima, A.-M., Grobbee, R., Karssenberg, D., & Vaartjes, I. C. H. (2018) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1360-1 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Inoue, Y., Tanaka, Y., Omori, K., Kuwahara, T., Ogura, Y., & Ueda, H. (2005) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1303-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“…Tco threshold for sweating and cutaneous vasodilation (Stephenson and Kolka 1985, 1993; Charkoudian and Johnson 1997, 2000), whereas the elevation of estrogen concentration during the late follicular phase causes a decrease in the same parameters (Tankersley et al. 1992; Stephenson and Kolka 1999).”
BackgroundPhysiologic considerations for exercise performance in women
Charkoudian, N., & Joyner, M. J. (2004) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2004.01.001 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“In older women, estrogen replacement therapy decreases the threshold for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating [44,45].”
BackgroundEsophageal temperature threshold for sweating decreases before ovulation in premenopausal women
Stephenson, L. A., Kolka, M. A., & Luca), (. T. T. A. O. J. D. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.22 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“associated with decreased resting Tc (34).”
Brooks, E. M., Morgan, A. L., Pierzga, J. M., Wladkowski, S. L., O’Gorman, J. T., Derr, J. A., & Kenney, W. L. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.477 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationEstrogen raises the sweating threshold in postmenopausal women with hot flashes
Freedman, R. R., & Blacker, C. M. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)03009-6 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Shilaih, M., Goodale, B. M., Falco, L., Kübler, F., De Clerck, V., & Leeners, B. (2018) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20171279 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Basal leg blood flow in healthy women is related to age and hormone replacement therapy status
Moreau, K. L., Donato, A. J., Tanaka, H., Jones, P. P., Gates, P. E., & Seals, D. R. (2002) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.032524 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Among postmenopausal women, oestrogen deficiency has been linked to the impaired circulatory adjustments observed in response to both exercise and heat stress (Tankersley et al. 1992; Spina et al. 1993a; Brooks et al. 1997; Dunbar & Kenney, 2000) that may be resolved with HRT (Tankersley et al.”
BackgroundModification of active cutaneous vasodilation by oral contraceptive hormones
Charkoudian, N., & Johnson, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.2012 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“core temperature threshold for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating onset (27, 30).”
BackgroundCoyne, M. D., Kesick, C. M., Doherty, T. J., Kolka, M. A., & Stephenson, L. A. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.r1316 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“More recently a decreased regulated body temperature has been associated with the time of the preovulatory estrogen rise (17) and with estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women (4, 18).”
BackgroundSmekal, G., von DUVILLARD, S. P., Frigo, P., TEGELHOFER, T., Pokan, R., Hofmann, P., Tschan, H., Baron, R., Wonisch, M., Renezeder, K., et al. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31805371e7 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Roepke, T. A., Bosch, M. A., Rick, E. A., Lee, B., Wagner, E. J., Seidlova-Wuttke, D., Wuttke, W., Scanlan, T. S., Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0573 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Epstein, Y., Yanovich, R., Moran, D. S., & Heled, Y. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2558-7 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Influences of female reproductive hormones on sympathetic control of the circulation in humans
Charkoudian, N. (2001) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02332974 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“[13] studied perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and compared individuals not taking hormone replacement therapy with those taking estrogen alone (ERT).”
BackgroundEstrogen attenuates postexercise HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle
Paroo, Z., Dipchand, E. S., & Noble, E. G. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00336.2001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Kuwahara, T., Inoue, Y., Abe, M., Sato, Y., & Kondo, N. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00547.2004 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Previous studies have suggested that Tes is a better index with which to evaluate heat loss responses than rectal temperature (17, 18, 28, 36).”
BackgroundAging and human heat tolerance
PANDOLF, K. B. (1997) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610739708254027 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Current concepts of active vasodilation in human skin
Wong, B. J., & Hollowed, C. G. (2016) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2016.1200203 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Objective sleep interruption and reproductive hormone dynamics in the menstrual cycle
Sharkey, K. M., Crawford, S. L., Kim, S., & Joffe, H. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.02.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Unlike progesterone, estrogens decrease core body temperature in the absence of progesterone [16], which may protect against sleep disruption.”
Charkoudian, N., & Johnson, J. M. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.5.h1634 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Estrogen alone appears to shift body temperature and temperature regulation to lower levels (1, 9, 24, 26).”
BackgroundBarnes, J. N., & Charkoudian, N. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202001387r · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Effects of Estrogens on Neural Circuits That Control Temperature
Zhang, Z., DiVittorio, J. R., Joseph, A., & Correa, S. M. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab087 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“temperature threshold for sweating during exercise (77).”
BackgroundCharkoudian, N., & Johnson, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.381 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“The shift appears to be predominantly an effect of progesterone, because estrogen alone shifts thermoregulatory control toward lower body temperatures (4, 23, 24), and progesterone alone increases body temperature (19).”
BackgroundThermoregulation during exercise in women who are taking oral contraceptives
Rogers, S. M., & Baker, M. A. (1996) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004210050123 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Estrogen adminstration leads to expanded plasma volume in humans and other mammals (Fortney et al. 1988; Tankersley et al. 1992; Baker et al. 1994).”
BackgroundProgesterone increases plasma volume independent of estradiol
Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00031.2005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Neuroimmune Response to Endogenous and Exogenous Pyrogens Is Differently Modulated by Sex Steroids
Mouihate, A., & Pittman, Q. J. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2002-0093 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Stapleton, J. M., Poirier, M. P., Flouris, A. D., Boulay, P., Sigal, R. J., Malcolm, J., & Kenny, G. P. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119079 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Blood Volume Responses of Men and Women to Bed Rest
FORTNEY, S. M., Turner, C. R., Steinmann, L., Driscoll, T. B., & Alfrey, C. P. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04984.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Effects of Estradiol on the Thermoneutral Zone and Core Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats
Dacks, P. A., & Rance, N. E. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1112 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Similarly, estrogen replacement therapy of middle-aged women has been reported to reduce core temperature during heat stress (31).”
BackgroundExercise cardiac function in young through elderly endurance trained women
Wiebe, C., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V., et al. (1999) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199905000-00010 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Postmenopausal hot flushes and their management
Lomax, P., & Schönbaum, E. (1993) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(93)90060-q · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Relation between Age and Sex on Whole-Body Heat Loss during Exercise-Heat Stress
D’Souza, A. W., Notley, S. R., & Kenny, G. P. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002373 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Székely, M., & Garai, J. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00023-0 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Adverse Effects of Aromatase Inhibition on the Brain and Behavior in a Nonhuman Primate
Gervais, N. J., Remage‐Healey, L., Starrett, J. R., Pollak, D. J., Mong, J. A., & Agnès Lacreuse, A. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0353-18.2018 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“E2 is known to decrease core body temperature in women (Tankersley et al., 1992; Brooks et al., 1997), female rodents (e.”
BackgroundThermoregulatory effects of spinal and epidural anesthesia during cesarean delivery*1
Saito, T. (1998) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1098-7339(98)90017-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bailey, T. G., Cable, N. T., Aziz, N., Dobson, R., Sprung, V. S., Low, D. A., & Jones, H. (2016) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000625 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Although HT reduces hot flushes, it also affects thermoregulatory control mechanisms via lowering core body temperature and altering the threshold at which cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses are initiated.(21,22) If the thermoregulatory control system can be altered with exercise training in symptomatic pos…”
BackgroundMenopause, estrogen, and training effects on exercise hemodynamics: the HERITAGE study
Green, J. S., Stanforth, P. R., Gagnon, J., et al. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200201000-00013 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effects of the menstrual cycle and sex on postexercise hemodynamics
Lynn, B. M., McCord, J. L., & Halliwill, J. R. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00589.2006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hong, J.-H., & Lee, I. H. (2005) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04158.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Diverse actions of estradiol on anorexigenic and orexigenic hypothalamic arcuate neurons
Stincic, T. L., Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2018) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“treatment (Brooks et al., 1997; Freedman and Blacker, 2002; Tankersley et al., 1992); and E2 lowers Tc and reduces hot flashes by raising the Tc”
Minireview: Neural Signaling of Estradiol in the Hypothalamus
Kelly, M. J., & Rønnekleiv, O. K. (2015) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2014-1397 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Azenabor, A. A., & Hoffman‐Goetz, L. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.6.1823 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sensory nerves and nitric oxide contribute to reflex cutaneous vasodilation in humans
Wong, B. J. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00464.2012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Urea transporters and sweat response to uremia
Keller, R. W., Bailey, J. L., Wang, Y., Klein, J. D., & Sands, J. M. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12825 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Comparison of mean skin temperature using `covered' versus `uncovered' contact thermistors
Buono, M. J., & Ulrich, R. L. (1998) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/19/2/016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kokolus, K. M., Hong, C., & Repasky, E. A. (2010) · International Journal of Hyperthermia · doi:10.3109/02656736.2010.507235 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Estrogen therapy has been shown to alleviate some of these symptoms by decreasing body temperature and lowering the temperature at which vasodilation is initiated [68, 69].”
BackgroundEstradiol alters body temperature regulation in the female mouse
Krajewski, S. J., Blackmore, E. M., McMinn, J. R., & Rance, N. E. (2017) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2017.1384090 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Do Older Females Store More Heat than Younger Females during Exercise in the Heat?
Larose, J., Wright, H. E., Sigal, R. J., Boulay, P., Hardcastle, S. G., & Kenny, G. P. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31829d24cc · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“The effects of circulating estrogen and progesterone levels are reported to affect baseline core temperatures (2,35).”
BackgroundKelly, M. J., & Rønnekleiv, O. K. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.07.002 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kuwahara, T., Inoue, Y., Taniguchi, M., Ogura, Y., Ueda, H., & Kondo, N. (2005) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-005-1329-0 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…of these hormones modify resting Tco, and the Tco threshold for sweating and cutaneous vasodilation, by modifying central thermoregulatory mechanisms (Stephenson and Kolka 1985, 1993, 1999; Tankersley et al. 1992; Charkoudian and Johnson 1997, 2000; Stachenfeld et al. 2000; Inoue et al. 2005).”
BackgroundBrooks-Asplund, E. M., Cannon, J. G., & Kenney, W. L. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.r839 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual heat stress response
Havenith, G. (1997) · TNO Repository · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hosono, T., Chen, X.-M., Miyatsuji, A., Yoda, T., Yoshida, K., Yanase-Fujiwara, M., & Kanosue, K. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.5.r1341 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Because the administration of estrogen to climacteric women reduces the incidence of menopausal hot flushes (22), it is generally accepted that estrogen is closely related to the etiology of hot flushes.”
BackgroundHayashi, K., Kawashima, T., & Suzuki, Y. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01199.2011 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Our findings are consistent with earlier reports that the core temperature threshold for sweating (19, 22, 23, 35) and cutaneous vasodilation (19, 23, 35) are higher in the luteal phase than the follicular phase; progesterone reportedly increases the core temperature threshold for sweating and cutaneous vasodilation (…”
ResultArmstrong, L. E., Maresh, C. M., Keith, N. R., Elliott, T. A., VanHeest, J. L., Scheett, T. P., Stoppani, J., Judelson, D. A., & Souza, M. J. D. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00434.2004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“thermoregulation in mild (24 – 28 °C) (14, 21, 31) and hot (30 – 36 °C) (34-36) one”
Landis, C. A., & Moe, K. E. (2004) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2003.11.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Aging and assessment of physiological strain during exercise-heat stress
Moran, D. S., Kenney, W. L., Pierzga, J. M., & PANDOLF, K. B. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00364.2001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“It is well documented (3, 11, 25) that hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women acutely affects temperature regulation and control of body fluids.”
BackgroundSelf-citationFluid balance and renal response following dehydrating exercise in well-trained men and women
Stachenfeld, N. S., Gleim, G. W., Zabetakis, P. M., & Nicholas, J. A. (1996) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00242277 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Postexercise 24-h urine volume, osmolality, or sodium concentration were unaffected by the lower [ALDO,]~, which has suggested increased tubular sensitivity to [ALDO,]~ in women on oestrogen therapy (Tankersley et al. 1992).”
BackgroundCutaneous active vasodilation as a heat loss thermoeffector
Francisco, M. A., & Minson, C. T. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00012-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Chronic hormone replacement therapy does not alter resting or maximal skin blood flow
Brooks-Asplund, E. M., & Kenney, W. L. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.505 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationExtreme temperature increases the risk of COPD morbimortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tran, H. M., Tsai, F., Lee, K.-Y., et al. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178087 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gq-mER signaling has opposite effects on hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons
Smith, A. W., Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2013) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2013.11.007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“the incidence of hot flashes in hypo-estrogenic females is decreased by E2 treatment [48,49,47].”
Effect of estrogen supplementation on exercise thermoregulation in premenopausal women
Chang, R.-T., Lambert, G. P., Moseley, P. L., Chapler, F. K., & GISOLFI, C. V. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2082 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Previous studies have shown that ES decreases (9, 16, 39), has no effect on (10, 22), or increases core body temperature (2, 3, 24).”
BackgroundMaswood, N., Cosmi, S. A., Alfinito, P. D., Leventhal, L., & Deecher, D. C. (2006) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000098322 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gervais, N. J., Viechweg, S. S., Mong, J. A., & Agnès Lacreuse, A. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.056 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The effects of exercise intensity on thermoregulatory responses to exercise in women
Fukuoka, Y., Kaneko, Y., Takita, C., Hirakawa, M., Kagawa, H., & Nakamura, Y. (2002) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00781-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lack of Thermal Comfort Is a Matter of Life and Death: A Systematic Review for Older People
Shahzad, S., Torres, S. G., Rijal, H. B., & Nicol, F. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15071141 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Flushing: current concepts
Huguet, I., & Grossman, A. B. (2017) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-17-0295 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dunbar, S. L., & Kenney, W. L. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.97 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationSex-related differences in temperature regulation during heat stress from childhood to older age
Debray, A., Sardar, S., Deshayes, T. A., Mornas, A., Oubouchou, K., Ouazaa, Y., & Gagnon, D. (2025) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103294 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Tankersley et al. (Tankersley et al., 1992) studied the effect of short-term estrogen replacement therapy (14 to 23 days) on thermoeffector output during rest and cycling exercise in a warm and humid environment (dry bulb temperature: 36 ◦ C, wet bulb temperature: 27.5 ◦ C) in postmenopausal females (~48 years old).”
InfluentialKelly, M. J., & Rønnekleiv, O. K. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.020 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In general, there is compelling experimental evidence that the incidence of hot flashes in hypo-estrogenic females is decreased by E2 treatment (Tankersley et al., 1992; Brooks et al., 1997; Freedman and Blacker, 2002).”
BackgroundDecreased cutaneous vasodilation in aged skin: mechanisms, consequences and interventions
Kenney, W. L. (2001) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(01)00029-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationAbbott, C. R., Saxton, A. M., Rispoli, L. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Thermoregulation and Heat Balance
Sessler, D. I. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203997345-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effect of postprandial thermogenesis on the cutaneous vasodilatory response during exercise
Hayashi, K., Ito, N., Ichikawa, Y., & Suzuki, Y. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0506 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Specifically, estrogen is known to reduce the body temperature threshold for cutaneous vasodilation, whereas progesterone increases it (Brooks et al. 1997; Stachenfeld et al. 2000; Tankersley et al. 1992).”
Membrane-Initiated Effects of Estradiol in the Central Nervous System
Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00043-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Heat-Related Illnesses
Gaffin, S. L., & Moran, D. S. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-03228-5.50015-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Matthew, C. B., Sils, I. V., & Tartarini, K. A. (1999) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(99)00007-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mahmoud, M. S., Kamal, M. M., Abdellatif, A., et al. (2016) · Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.egja.2016.04.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“This may account for elevated thresholds [40].”
Taniguchi, H., Hashimoto, Y., Dowaki, N., & Nirengi, S. (2024) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-024-00371-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Early studies of women reported that core body temperature was increased by progesterone administration [30], whereas it was decreased by estrogen administration [32, 33].”
BackgroundPokora, I., & Grucza, R. (2003) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sex Hormones and Environmental Factors Affecting Exercise
Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44558-8_9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Estrus related differences in response to a hot environment in telemetry-equipped female rats
Sils, I. V., Matthew, C. B., & Bastille, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(01)00020-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Running longer, running stronger: a brief review of endurance exercise and oestrogen
Stone, S. A., Bibens, M. E., Jones, A., & Curtis, K. S. (2014) · Comparative Exercise Physiology · doi:10.3920/cep140007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Finally, a reduced temperature threshold for sweating augments heat tolerance during exercise in warmer temperatures (Tankersley et al., 1992).”
BackgroundPhysiology of exercise at environmental extremes: Sex as a biological variable
Greenfield, A. M., Seeley, A. D., Alba, B. K., Giersch, G. E. W., & Charkoudian, N. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22266-5.00004-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
YALÇIN, S., Bağış, Y. E., Yerlikaya, G., & Beyleroğlu, M. (2023) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1224750 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gilworth, R. E., Skinner, B. D., Hodgkiss, D. D., Lucas, S. J. E., & Lucas, R. A. I. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1507398 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thermoregulatory Responses to Acute Exercise‐Heat Stress and Heat Acclimation
Sawka, M. N., Wenger, C. B., & PANDOLF, K. B. (1994) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.1994.tb01155.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Thermoregulation and Heat Balance
(2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203997345-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tankersley, C. G., Nicholas, W. C., Deaver, D. R., Mikita, D., & Kenney, W. L.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- ORCID
- Kenney, W. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1992-10-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1238-1245
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2271211923
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- estrogen replacement therapy, middle-aged women, thermoregulation, exercise in the heat, heat stress, core body temperature, sweat rate, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, hemodilution, hematocrit, plasma estradiol, progesterone, serum electrolytes
- MeSH terms
- Aldosterone, Arm, Body Fluids, Body Temperature Regulation, Electrolytes, Estrogens, Female, Hot Temperature, Hematocrit, Hemoglobins, Humans, Menopause, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Regional Blood Flow, Sweating, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
