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Effects of Spatial Attention on Contrast Response Functions in Macaque Area V4
Abstract
Previous single-unit studies of visual cortex have reported that spatial attention modulates responses to different orientations and directions proportionally, such that it does not change the width of tuning functions for these properties. Other studies have suggested that spatial attention causes a leftward shift in contrast response functions, such that its effects on responses to stimuli of different contrasts are not proportional. We have further explored the effects of attention on stimulus-response functions by measuring the responses of 131 individual V4 neurons in two monkeys while they did a task that controlled their spatial attention. Each neuron was tested with a set of stimuli that spanned complete ranges of orientation and contrast during different states of attention. Consistent with earlier reports, attention scaled responses to preferred and nonpreferred orientations proportionally. However, we did not find compelling evidence that the effects were best described by a leftward shift of the contrast response function. The modulation of neuronal responses by attention was well described by either a leftward shift or proportional scaling of the contrast response function. Consideration of differences in experimental design and analysis that may have contributed to this discrepancy suggests that it was premature to exclude a proportional scaling of responses to different contrasts by attention in favor of a leftward shift of contrast response functions. The current results reopen the possibility that the effects of attention on stimulus-response functions are well described by a single proportional increase in a neuron's response to all stimuli.
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“Attentional modulation of neural gain has been particularly well studied in the non-human primate visual system1,42,43, in which visual spatial attention within the receptive field of a recorded neuron enhances both contrast gain (that is, scaling of that neuron’s stimulus-response relationship along the contrast axis)43 and response gain (that is, multiplicative transformation of responses to all”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [48]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Williford, T., & Maunsell, J. H. R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Maunsell, John H. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-54
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2092212529
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- spatial attention, contrast response function, area V4, macaque visual cortex, orientation tuning, proportional scaling, leftward shift, single-unit responses, stimulus-response function, attentional modulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Attention, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neurons, Afferent, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychophysiology, Space Perception, Visual Cortex, Contrast Sensitivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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