Learning Enhances Sensory Processing in Mouse V1 before Improving Behavior
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Abstract
A fundamental property of visual cortex is to enhance the representation of those stimuli that are relevant for behavior, but it remains poorly understood how such enhanced representations arise during learning. Using classical conditioning in adult mice of either sex, we show that orientation discrimination is learned in a sequence of distinct behavioral stages, in which animals first rely on stimulus appearance before exploiting its orientation to guide behavior. After confirming that orientation discrimination under classical conditioning requires primary visual cortex (V1), we measured, during learning, response properties of V1 neurons. Learning improved neural discriminability, sharpened orientation tuning, and led to higher contrast sensitivity. Remarkably, these learning-related improvements in the V1 representation were fully expressed before successful orientation discrimination was evident in the animals9 behavior. We propose that V1 plays a key role early in discrimination learning to enhance behaviorally relevant sensory information. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Decades of research have documented that responses of neurons in visual cortex can reflect the behavioral relevance of visual information. The behavioral relevance of any stimulus needs to be learned, though, and little is known how visual sensory processing changes, as the significance of a stimulus becomes clear. Here, we trained mice to discriminate two visual stimuli, precisely quantified when learning happened, and measured, during learning, the neural representation of these stimuli in V1. We observed learning-related improvements in V1 processing, which were fully expressed before discrimination was evident in the animals9 behavior. These findings indicate that sensory and behavioral improvements can follow different time courses and point toward a key role of V1 at early stages in discrimination learning.
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In mice trained on an orientation-discrimination task, the learning phase immediately before attaining expert performance is associated with increased contrast gain in V1 neurons.
“In mice trained on an orientation-discrimination task, the learning phase immediately before attaining expert performance is associated with increased contrast gain in V1 neurons55.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
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- Authors
- Jurjut, O., Georgieva, P., Busse, L., & Katzner, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Katzner, Steffen
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2017-05-30
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 27
- Pages
- 6460-6474
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6596600
- OpenAlex
- W2949985012
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG EXC307, EXC307)
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (281885)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- primary visual cortex, orientation discrimination, classical conditioning, visual learning, orientation tuning, contrast sensitivity, mice, visual cortex plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nerve Net, Neurons, Orientation, Task Performance and Analysis, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Mice
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