The Brain Melanocortin System, Sympathetic Control, and Obesity Hypertension
Open accessAbstract
Excess weight gain is the most significant, preventable cause of increased blood pressure (BP) in patients with primary (essential) hypertension and increases the risk for cardiovascular and renal diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of the brain melanocortin system in causing increased sympathetic activity in obesity and other forms of hypertension. In addition, we highlight potential mechanisms by which the brain melanocortin system modulates metabolic and cardiovascular functions.
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These hormones and receptors influence the nucleus of the solitary tract and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which can affect set points.
“They also have influences on the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) as well as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which can affect set points (da Silva et al. 2014; do Carmo et al. 2013; Sohn et al. 2013; Speakman 2014).”
From Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting (2014) · cites this paper as da Silva et al. 2014
A key central nervous system pathway that links adipokines and hormones with blood pressure control is the brain POMC-MC4R system.
“A key CNS pathway that links adipokines and hormones with BP control is the brain POMC-melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) system6,189,190.”
From Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links (2019) · cites this paper as [190]
Leptin stimulates NO production, which opposes increases in BP.
“Moreover, leptin stimulates NO production which opposes increases in BP.”
From Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms (2015) · cites this paper as [80]
Acute injections of leptin have little effect on BP despite increasing SNS activity.
“acute injections of leptin have little effect on BP despite increasing SNS activity”
From Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms (2015) · cites this paper as [80]
Leptin and the CNS POMC pathway appear to be important in obesity-induced SNS activation and hypertension.
“Although the role of many of these factors is still uncertain, leptin and the CNS POMC pathway appear to be important in obesity-induced SNS activation and hypertension17,80–82.”
From Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms (2015) · cites this paper as [80]
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Self-citationPiskunova, Y. V., Kazantceva, A. Y., Baklanov, A. V., & Бажан, Н. М. (2018) · Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding · doi:10.18699/vj18.358 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hypertension in metabolic syndrome
Kobalava, Z. D., Конради, А. О., & Nedogoda, S. V. (2025) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6536 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Physiology in Perspective: Adaptive Responses: Changing to Survive
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Melanocortin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
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REVIEW ON MEDOVAHASROTAS AND ITS MOOLSTHANA WITH REFERENCE TO OBESITY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
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- Authors
- da Silva, A. A., do Carmo, J. M., Wang, Z., & Hall, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 196-202
- ISSN
- 0886-1714 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-9213
- 1548-9221
- PMC
- PMC4046815
- OpenAlex
- W2135757151
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01-HL-51971, P01HL051971)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM104357)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- sympathetic nervous system, obesity, hypertension, essential hypertension, blood pressure regulation, metabolic regulation, cardiovascular function, renal function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cardiovascular System, Humans, Hypertension, Obesity, Sympathetic Nervous System, Melanocortins
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