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Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms

Open access
Pinilla, Leonor, Aguilar, Enrique, Dieguez, Carlos, Millar, Robert P., Tena-Sempere, Manuel·2012·Physiological Reviews

Abstract

Procreation is essential for survival of species. Not surprisingly, complex neuronal networks have evolved to mediate the diverse internal and external environmental inputs that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Ultimately, these regulatory factors impinge, directly or indirectly, on a final common pathway, the neurons producing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion and thereby gonadal function. Compelling evidence, accumulated in the last few years, has revealed that kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene and produced mainly by neuronal clusters at discrete hypothalamic nuclei, are pivotal upstream regulators of GnRH neurons. As such, kisspeptins have emerged as important gatekeepers of key aspects of reproductive maturation and function, from sexual differentiation of the brain and puberty onset to adult regulation of gonadotropin secretion and the metabolic control of fertility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the state-of-the-art in the field of kisspeptin physiology by covering in-depth the consensus knowledge on the major molecular features, biological effects, and mechanisms of action of kisspeptins in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in nonmammalian vertebrates. This review will also address unsolved and contentious issues to set the scene for future research challenges in the area. By doing so, we aim to endow the reader with a critical and updated view of the physiological roles and potential translational relevance of kisspeptins in the integral control of reproductive function.

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Crossref · 10.1152/physrev.00037.2010

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Metadata

Authors
Pinilla, L., Aguilar, E., Dieguez, C., Millar, R. P., & Tena-Sempere, M.
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Published
2012-07
Volume
92
Issue
3
Pages
1235-1316
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
OpenAlex
W2130784408
Cited by
801
References
56
FWCI
7.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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