Cited by 502Amino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsPolyamine Metabolism and Applications

Arginase: A Multifaceted Enzyme Important in Health and Disease

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Caldwell, R. William, Rodriguez, Paulo C., Toque, Haroldo A., Narayanan, S. Priya, Caldwell, Ruth B.·2018·Physiological Reviews

Abstract

The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The urea cycle provides protection against excess ammonia, while l-ornithine is needed for cell proliferation, collagen formation, and other physiological functions. In mammals, increases in arginase activity have been linked to dysfunction and pathologies of the cardiovascular system, kidney, and central nervous system and also to dysfunction of the immune system and cancer. Two important aspects of the excessive activity of arginase may be involved in diseases. First, overly active arginase can reduce the supply of l-arginine needed for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase. Second, too much l-ornithine can lead to structural problems in the vasculature, neuronal toxicity, and abnormal growth of tumor cells. Seminal studies have demonstrated that increased formation of reactive oxygen species and key inflammatory mediators promote this pathological elevation of arginase activity. Here, we review the involvement of arginase in diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, and central nervous system and cancer and discuss the value of therapies targeting the elevated activity of arginase.

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Authors
Caldwell, R. W., Rodriguez, P. C., Toque, H. A., Narayanan, S. P., & Caldwell, R. B.
Affiliations
  • Augusta University (US)
  • Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine–Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Published
2018-04-01
Volume
98
Issue
2
Pages
641-665
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
OpenAlex
W2785791389
Cited by
495
References
257
Citations by year
2026: 67 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 8
FWCI
3.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) (RO1HL070215 rwc)
  • HHS | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI) (RO1EY011766 MPI RBC & RWC)
  • American Heart Association (AHA) (13SDG174100007, 11SDG7440088)
  • HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) (RO1CA18485)
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) (I01BX003221)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Keywords
arginase, urea cycle, L-arginine, L-ornithine, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, central nervous system disorders, cancer, arginase inhibitors, ammonia detoxification
MeSH terms
Animals, Arginase, Arginine, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Nitric Oxide, Urea, Reactive Oxygen Species

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