Genistein: An Integrative Overview of Its Mode of Action, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits
Open accessAbstract
L. and is widely distributed in the Fabaceae family. As an isoflavone, mammalian genistein exerts estrogen-like functions. Several biological effects of genistein have been reported in preclinical studies, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, the effects of angiogenesis and estrogen, and the pharmacological activities on diabetes and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date evidence of preclinical pharmacological activities with mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and clinical evidence of genistein. The literature was researched using the most important keyword "genistein" from the PubMed, Science, and Google Scholar databases, and the taxonomy was validated using The Plant List. Data were also collected from specialized books and other online resources. The main positive effects of genistein refer to the protection against cardiovascular diseases and to the decrease of the incidence of some types of cancer, especially breast cancer. Although the mechanism of protection against cancer involves several aspects of genistein metabolism, the researchers attribute this effect to the similarity between the structure of soy genistein and that of estrogen. This structural similarity allows genistein to displace estrogen from cellular receptors, thus blocking their hormonal activity. The pharmacological activities resulting from the experimental studies of this review support the traditional uses of genistein, but in the future, further investigations are needed on the efficacy, safety, and use of nanotechnologies to increase bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Many naturally occurring substances such as resveratrol, neoechinulins, genistein or diosgenin provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chelating, and/or scavenger activity.
“Many naturally occurring substances such as resveratrol, neoechinulins, genistein or diosgenin provided antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chelating, and/or scavenger activity [115,200,224,225].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [225]
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Sekar, V., Anandasadagopan, S. K., & Ganapasam, S. (2016) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1298 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of Soy Foods in Postmenopausal Women: A Focus on Osteosarcopenia and Obesity
Tang, S., Du, Y., Oh, C., & No, J.-K. (2020) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes20006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mohan, N., Chakrabarti, M., Banik, N. L., & Ray, S. K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078958 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Genistein Induces Deleterious Effects during Its Acute Exposure in Swiss Mice
Singh, P. K., Sharma, S., & Rath, S. K. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/619617 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Fan, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., et al. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000343351 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
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Sorted by citations
Dhyani, P., Quispe, C., Sharma, E., Bahukhandi, A., Sati, P., Attri, D. C., Szopa, A., Sharifi-Rad, J., Docea, A. O., Mardare, I., et al. (2022) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-022-02624-9 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Self-citationSharifi-Rad, J., Rapposelli, S., Sestito, S., Herrera-Bravo, J., Arancibia-Diaz, A., Salazar, L. A., Yeskaliyeva, B., Beyatli, A., Leyva-Gómez, G., González-Contreras, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12091515 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationKitic, D., Miladinovic, B., Randjelovic, M., Szopa, A., Sharifi-Rad, J., Calina, D., & Seidel, V. (2022) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11141885 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationMyricetin: Targeting signaling networks in cancer and its implication in chemotherapy
Javed, Z., Khan, K., Herrera-Bravo, J., Naeem, S., Iqbal, M. J., Raza, Q., Sadia, H., Raza, S., Bhinder, M., Calina, D., et al. (2022) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-022-02663-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationPhotodynamic Therapy for Thyroid Cancer
Inglot, J., Strzelczyk, J. K., Bartusik-Aebisher, D., & Aebisher, D. (2025) · BioMed · doi:10.3390/biomed5010008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sharifi-Rad, J., Quispe, C., Imran, M., Rauf, A., Nadeem, M., Gondal, T. A., Ahmad, B., Atif, M., Mubarak, M. S., Sytar, O., Zhilina, O. M., Garsiya, E. R., Smeriglio, A., Trombetta, D., Pons, D. G., Martorell, M., Cardoso, S. M., Razis, A. F. A., Sunusi, U., Kamal, R. M., Rotariu, L. S., Butnariu, M., Docea, A. O., & Calina, D.
- Affiliations
- Arturo Prat University (CL)
- University of Lahore (PK)
- University of Swabi (PK)
- COMSATS University Islamabad (PK)
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Peshawar (PK)
- Jouf University (SA)
- University of Jordan (JO)
- Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (SK)
- Volgograd State Medical University (RU)
- University of Messina (IT)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (ES)
- University of Concepción (CL)
- LAQV Requimte (PT)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- Univesity of Life Science "King Mihai I" from Timisoara (RO)
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Garsiya, Ekaterina Robertovna
- Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull
- Butnariu, Monica
- ORCID
- Sharifi-Rad, Javad
- Quispe, Cristina
- Imran, Muhammad
- Rauf, Abdur
- Nadeem, Muhammad
- Gondal, Tanweer Aslam
- Ahmad, Bashir
- Atif, Muhammad
- Mubarak, Mohammad S.
- Sytar, Oksana
- Garsiya, Ekaterina Robertovna
- Smeriglio, Antonella
- Trombetta, Domenico
- Pons, Daniel Gabriel
- Martorell, Miquel
- Cardoso, Susana M.
- Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull
- Kamal, Ramla Muhammad
- Rotariu, Lia Sanda
- Butnariu, Monica
- Docea, Anca Oana
- Calina, Daniela
- Venue
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 2021
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3268136-3268136
- ISSN
- 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-0900
- PMC
- PMC8315847
- OpenAlex
- W3191712277
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 313
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 9.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Docusalut (Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (AFB170007)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioactive natural compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Flavonoids in Medical Research
- Keywords
- genistein, isoflavones, soybean, estrogenic activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, angiogenesis, diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention, breast cancer, estrogen receptor binding, bioavailability, nanotechnology, traditional medicine
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Genistein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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