Childhood Neglect rather than Abuse Is More Strongly Associated with Anhedonia across Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients and University Students
Open accessAbstract
Background. According to the dimensional model of adversity, the deprivation and threat dimensions of CT influence distinct neural circuits and have different developmental outcomes. The present study compared neglect and abuse subtypes which are representative of deprivation and threat dimensions of CT prediction of anhedonia in MDD and OCD patients and university students. Methods. A total of 305 patients with MDD, 152 patients with OCD, and 2110 university students fulfilled the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to identify neglect and abuse subtypes of CT. Different aspects of anhedonia were measured. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to identify subtypes of trauma as predictors of different aspects of anhedonia in MDD and OCD patients and university students, respectively. Results. Childhood neglect, not abuse, showed association with anticipatory and state anhedonia in OCD patients and anticipatory, consummatory, physical, and state anhedonia in MDD patients and university students. Both childhood neglect and abuse were associated with social anhedonia in university students, but the neglect type showed greater magnitude. In terms of more specific categories, emotional neglect was the type of CT demonstrating strongest magnitude of association with most of the anhedonia aspects. Conclusions. Findings revealed that deprivation, rather than threat, was the more influential adversity dimension for the individuals’ anhedonia presentations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Impaired reward processing is associated with such symptoms across different psychiatric disorders.
“This is in line with previous literature suggesting that impaired reward processing is associated with such symptoms across different psychiatric disorders.56,61,121–125”
From Investigating disorder-specific and transdiagnostic alterations in model-based and model-free decision-making (2024) · cites this paper as [122]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Participants also fi nished the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [33], the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) [34], and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [35] to evaluate depression, anxiety, and recent perceived stress level.”
MethodA Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Participants also fi nished the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [33], the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) [34], and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [35] to evaluate depression, anxiety, and recent perceived stress level.”
MethodA self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813 · see citing works
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712 · see citing works
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61706-7 · Cited by 3,876 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In line with previous fi ndings [1], neglect was a more prevalent dimension of CT among patients with MDD and OCD and healthy individuals.”
BackgroundInitial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132 · Cited by 3,577 · see citing works
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alhamzawi, A. O., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499 · Cited by 2,640 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Besides the prevalence of anhedonia in both MDD and OCD, CT was also found to be a common risk for MDD and OCD [27].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA scale for the assessment of hedonic tone the Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale
Snaith, R. P., Hamilton, M., Morley, S., Humayan, A., Hargreaves, D., & Trigwell, P. (1995) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.167.1.99 · Cited by 1,778 · cited 2× · see citing works
“According to original scale [32], the cut-o ff score of SHAPS is 2 in the case that either of the “ disagree ” options scores 1 and either of the “ agree ” options scores 0.”
BackgroundMethodMcLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Lambert, H. K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Scales for physical and social anhedonia.
Chapman, L. J., Chapman, J. P., & Raulin, M. L. (1976) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.85.4.374 · Cited by 1,234 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The cut-o ff scores for “ with anhedonia ” of PAS and SAS for male and female were 28 and 20 and 20 and 16, respectively [22, 30].”
BackgroundSocial cognition in schizophrenia
Green, M. F., Horan, W. P., & Lee, J. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn4005 · Cited by 1,159 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Social cognition includes processes such as the perception of social cues, experience sharing, mentalizing, and emotion experiencing and regulation [46].”
BackgroundAnticipatory and consummatory components of the experience of pleasure: A scale development study
Gard, D. E., Gard, M. G., Kring, A. M., & John, O. P. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.001 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Liu, X., Hairston, J., Schrier, M., & Fan, J. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.12.012 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond Cumulative Risk: A Dimensional Approach to Childhood Adversity
McLaughlin, K. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2016) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721416655883 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Dimensions of early experience and neural development: deprivation and threat
Sheridan, M. A., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.09.001 · Cited by 697 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Researchers have proposed that neglect and abuse might in fl uence development through di ff erent underlying mechanisms, among which emotion learning, including fear, and reward learning are particularly important [15, 40].”
BackgroundNeuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: a transdiagnostic approach
Masud Husain, B., & Roiser, J. P. (2018) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0029-9 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Meta-analysis: Exposure to Early Life Stress and Risk for Depression in Childhood and Adolescence
LeMoult, J., Humphreys, K. L., Tracy, A., Hoffmeister, J.-A., Ip, E., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.10.011 · Cited by 642 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, previous studies also observed severer and more prevalent CT in MDD and OCD patients, which was consistent with our results [37, 38].”
ResultMcKay, M. T., Cannon, M., Chambers, D., Conroy, R. M., Coughlan, H., Dodd, P., Healy, C., O’Donnell, L., & Clarke, M. C. (2021) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13268 · Cited by 480 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It exerts a lasting impact on cognition, emotion, and behavior in adulthood and is well recognized as a major risk factor for psychopathology [2, 3].”
BackgroundHerringa, R. J., Birn, R. M., Ruttle, P. L., Burghy, C. A., Stodola, D. E., Davidson, R. J., & Essex, M. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1310766110 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Craske, M. G., Meuret, A. E., Ritz, T., Treanor, M., & Dour, H. J. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22490 · Cited by 387 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Anhedonia, de fi ned as the reduced ability to experience pleasure or a loss of desire to engage in enjoyable activities [4], was proposed as a potential behavioral outcome associated with CT [5, 6].”
BackgroundDillon, D. G., Holmes, A. J., Birk, J. L., Brooks, N., Lyons-Ruth, K., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.019 · Cited by 370 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A higher level of anhedonia was found in individuals who experienced childhood adversity [6, 9, 10], and it was suggested to be a predictor of future mental illness [11, 12].”
BackgroundThe amygdala as a hub in brain networks that support social life
Bickart, K. C., Dickerson, B. C., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.013 · Cited by 344 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Correspondingly, social brain includes large-scale brain regions underlying social cognition, with the amygdala as a hub [47].”
BackgroundStringaris, A., Vidal-Ribas Belil, P., Artiges, E., Lemaitre, H., Gollier-Briant, F., Wolke, S., Vulser, H., Miranda, R., Penttilä, J., Struve, M., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14101298 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Neglect as a violation of species-expectant experience: neurodevelopmental consequences
McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Nelson, C. A. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1096 · Cited by 295 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Deprivation is the core feature of neglect [39].”
BackgroundMaltreatment Exposure, Brain Structure, and Fear Conditioning in Children and Adolescents
McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., Gold, A. L., Duys, A., Lambert, H. K., Peverill, M., Heleniak, C. M., Shechner, T., Wojcieszak, Z. K., & Pine, D. S. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.365 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Mehta, M. A., Gore-Langton, E., Golembo, N., Colvert, E., Williams, S. C. R., & Sonuga-Barke, E. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21394 · Cited by 258 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On the level of brain activity, children exposed to early deprivation were found to have reduced ventral striatum activity to positive social images and reduced ventral striatum response during reward anticipatory [16, 17].”
BackgroundP3b reflects maltreated children's reactions to facial displays of emotion
Pollak, S. D., Klorman, R., Thatcher, J. E., & Cicchetti, D. (2001) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3820267 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Reduced nucleus accumbens reactivity and adolescent depression following early-life stress
Goff, B., Gee, D. G., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Gabard-Durnam, L., Flannery, J., & Tottenham, N. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.010 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Childhood trauma in obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, and controls
Lochner, C., du Toit, P. L., Zungu-Dirwayi, N., Marais, A., van Kradenburg, J., Seedat, S., Niehaus, D. J. H., & Stein, D. J. (2002) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10028 · Cited by 212 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, previous studies also observed severer and more prevalent CT in MDD and OCD patients, which was consistent with our results [37, 38].”
ResultSocial anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy
Blanchard, J. J., Collins, L. M., Aghevli, M., Leung, W. W., & Cohen, A. S. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp107 · Cited by 187 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A higher level of anhedonia was found in individuals who experienced childhood adversity [6, 9, 10], and it was suggested to be a predictor of future mental illness [11, 12].”
BackgroundAnhedonia in depression and schizophrenia: A transdiagnostic challenge
Lambert, C. M., Silva, S. D., Ceniti, A. K., Rizvi, S. J., Foussias, G., & Kennedy, S. H. (2018) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12854 · Cited by 156 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In MDD, de fi cits in almost all aspects of pleasure were observed [25].”
BackgroundCohen, A., Najolia, G. M., Brown, L., & Minor, K. S. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.001 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Germine, L. T., Dunn, E. C., McLaughlin, K. A., & Smoller, J. W. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129612 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Emotion regulation and amygdala-precuneus connectivity: Focusing on attentional deployment
Ferri, J., Schmidt, J., Hajcak, G., & Canli, T. (2016) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0447-y · Cited by 123 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Previous studies have found the e ff ect of abuse on the structure and function of the amygdala, facial emotion processing, and neural correlates of emotion regulation [48 – 50].”
BackgroundSocial anhedonia is associated with neural abnormalities during face emotion processing
Germine, L. T., Garrido, L., Bruce, L., & Hooker, C. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.059 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sheridan, M. A., McLaughlin, K. A., Winter, W., Fox, N., Zeanah, C., & Nelson, C. A. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04381-8 · Cited by 101 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this regard, previous behavioral studies have found that children exposed to early deprivation showed reduced learning on a probabilistic reward-learning task and revised monetary incentive delay (MID) task [18, 19].”
Mason, W. A., Kosterman, R., Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T. I., Lengua, L. J., & McCauley, E. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200403000-00012 · Cited by 96 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A higher level of anhedonia was found in individuals who experienced childhood adversity [6, 9, 10], and it was suggested to be a predictor of future mental illness [11, 12].”
BackgroundRevised Social Anhedonia Scale
Mishlove, M., & Chapman, L. J. (2020) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t21397-000 · Cited by 92 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The revised Chapman Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS) and Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS) were administrated to evaluate physical and social anhedonia, respectively [30, 31].”
MethodFan, J., Liu, W., Xia, J., Li, S., Gao, F., Zhu, J., Han, Y., Zhou, H., Liao, H., Yi, J., et al. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25222 · Cited by 83 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Anhedonia, de fi ned as the reduced ability to experience pleasure or a loss of desire to engage in enjoyable activities [4], was proposed as a potential behavioral outcome associated with CT [5, 6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationArpana Agrawal, A., Nelson, E. C., Littlefield, A. K., Bucholz, K. K., Degenhardt, L. J., Henders, A. K., Madden, P. A. F., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., Pergadia, M. L., et al. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2273 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Anhedonia in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Beyond comorbid depression
Abramovitch, A., Pizzagalli, D. A., Reuman, L., & Wilhelm, S. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.002 · Cited by 64 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In OCD, a previous study has revealed that 28.3% of patients with OCD demonstrated clinically signi fi cant anhedonia symptoms, and the anhedonia in OCD was independent of their depressive symptoms [8, 26].”
InfluentialThe effects of child maltreatment on the developing brain
Glaser, D. (2014) · Medico-Legal Journal · doi:10.1177/0025817214540395 · Cited by 46
The role of learning in social development: Illustrations from neglected children
Wismer Fries, A. B., & Pollak, S. D. (2017) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12431 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Comparison of depressive behaviors induced by three stress paradigms in rats
Bai, M., Zhang, L., Zhu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., & Xue, L. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.019 · Cited by 35 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, the present results were also in line with our prior animal studies [42] which identi fi ed di ff erent stress paradigms inducing dissimilar depressive behaviors in male rats.”
ResultSelf-citationWang, X., Lu, J., Liu, Q., Yu, Q., Fan, J., Gao, F., Han, Y., Liu, X., Yao, R., & Zhu, X. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.061 · Cited by 32 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Our fi ndings were consistent with our recent study which was conducted in another independent sample and found that neglect was also associated with changes in anhedonia over time [41].”
ResultSelf-citationWang, Y., Deng, Y. M., Fung, G., Liu, W., Wei, X., Jiang, X., Lui, S. S. Y., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2014) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.09.005 · Cited by 26 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Unlike other aspects of anhedonia, social anhedonia was not only related to de fi cits in reward system underlying hedonic experience but also associated with social brain subserving the social cognition processes [43 – 45].”
BackgroundAutomatic processing of emotional facial expressions as a function of social anhedonia
Günther, V., Zimmer, J., Kersting, A., Hoffmann, K., Lobsien, D., & Suslow, T. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Li, S., Zhang, Y., Fan, J., Liu, W., Gan, J., He, J., Yi, J., Tan, C., & Zhu, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01196 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Knolle, F., Sen, P., Culbreth, A., Koch, K., Schmitz-Koep, B., Gürsel, D. A., Wunderlich, K., Avram, M., Berberich, G., Sorg, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.240020 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Xiao, C., Wang, X., Gao, F., Han, Y., Liu, Q., Kong, Q., Ding, M., Liu, X., Fan, J., et al. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70042 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationRhee, S. J., Shin, D., Shin, D., Song, Y., Joo, E.-J., Jung, H. Y., Roh, S., Lee, S., Kim, H.-Y., Bang, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e66 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“5,10,11 Studies have investigated the association between childhood trauma and anhedonia symptoms, but there have been discrepancies regarding the significant trauma dimension, and the analyses have been mostly based on a single psychiatric condition.”
InfluentialStone, L. B., & Sylvester, A. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02503-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Consistent suppression of positive affect over time may explain why individuals with child maltreatment history report higher levels of anhedonia in their daily lives [48, 49, 86, 87].”
Patel, K. R., Hernandez, B. N., Parker, A. J., Dougherty, L. R., & Wiggins, J. L. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.121139 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“First, we hypothesize that early life exposure to deprivation will be more strongly linked to internalizing symptoms than threat exposure (Fan et al., 2023; Hein et al., 2020; Schäfer et al., 2023).”
Fatt, C. C., Minhajuddin, A., Goodman, L. C., Vasu, S., Mayes, T. L., Sethuram, S., Trombello, J. M., Hughes, J. L., Greer, T. L., Foster, J. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evolutionary Recurrent Decision Model in Developing Adaptive and Maladaptive Behaviors
Hu, A. (2026) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.23932
“This interpretation aligns with and extends empirical findings associating childhood threats/abuse with threat hypervigilance or risk appraisal (learned helplessness) rather than anhedonia (apathy), which is more commonly found in neglect [20].”
Reiner, I., Beutel, M. E., Brähler, E., & Ernst, M. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108135
Zhu, C., Hu, R., Du, W., Ye, Y., Mu, Q., Chen, Y., Xu, Y., Zhang, K., & Lu, S. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-08169-9
“Moreover, in both MDD and healthy populations, childhood trauma is positively associated with anhedonia [24, 25], particularly emotional neglect [24].”
Li, K., Yuan, X., Zhang, K., Li, R., Zhang, C., Jia, A., Feng, Y., Mi, S., Chen, A., Wang, Y., et al. (2026) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2026.104915 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Xie, Y., Li, Y.-Q., Wang, Y.-Y., Wang, Y., & Chan, R. C. K. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121312
- Authors
- Fan, J., Han, Y., Xia, J., Wang, X., Liu, Q., Liu, Y., Lu, J., Yu, Q., Yang, Y., & Zhu, X.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Harbin Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Xiongzhao
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-10-20
- Volume
- 2023
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6394
- PMC
- PMC11921836
- OpenAlex
- W4387806466
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171532, 82201673, 2021JJ40828)
- Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (82171532, 82201673, 2021JJ40828)
- Central South University (82171532, 82201673, 2021JJ40828)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- child neglect, childhood abuse, anhedonia, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, emotional neglect, anticipatory anhedonia, social anhedonia, childhood trauma, university students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Students, Universities, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult, Anhedonia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
