Remembering the past and imagining the future in the elderly
Open accessAbstract
Recent research has demonstrated commonalities between remembering past events and imagining future events. Behavioral studies have revealed that remembering the past and imagining the future depend on shared cognitive processes, whereas neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have shown that many of the same brain regions are involved in both remembering the past and imagining the future. Here, we review recent cognitive and neuroimaging studies that examine remembering the past and imagining the future in elderly adults. These studies document significant changes in elderly adults' capacities to imagine future events that are correlated with their memory deficits; most strikingly, older adults tend to remember the past and imagine the future with less episodic detail than younger adults. These findings are in line with the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis [Schacter and Addis: Phil Trans R Soc B 2007;362:773-786], which holds that past and future events draw on similar information and rely on similar underlying processes, and that episodic memory supports the construction of future events by extracting and recombining stored information into a simulation of a novel event. At the same time, however, recent data indicate that non-episodic factors also contribute to age-related changes in remembering the past and imagining the future. We conclude by considering a number of questions and challenges concerning the interpretation of age-related changes in remembering and imagining, as well as functional implications of this research for everyday concerns of older adults.
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Older adults produce fewer internal/episodic details and more external/semantic details than young adults for both remembered past events and imagined future events on the Autobiographical Interview.
“older adults produce fewer internal/episodic details and more external/semantic details for both remembered past events and imagined future events”
From Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
Non-episodic factors such as narrative style or cognitive control are at least partly responsible for similarities between remembering past experiences and imagining future experiences on tasks such as the Autobiographical Interview.
“such findings nonetheless suggest that non-episodic factors that similarly impact remembering, imagining, and describing, such as narrative style or cognitive control, are at least partly responsible for similarities between remembering past experiences and imagining future experiences on tasks such as the AI”
From Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Schacter, D. L., Gaesser, B., & Addis, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Venue
- Gerontology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2012-09-13
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-151
- ISSN
- 0304-324X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0003
- PMC
- PMC3645892
- OpenAlex
- W1995157140
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag008441-30)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG008441)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- episodic memory, future thinking, mental time travel, aging, older adults, episodic simulation, age-related memory decline, episodic detail, neural correlates of memory, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Brain, Humans, Imagination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Functional Neuroimaging, Memory, Episodic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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