Aging and motivated cognition: the positivity effect in attention and memory
Abstract
As people get older, they experience fewer negative emotions. Strategic processes in older adults' emotional attention and memory might play a role in this variation with age. Older adults show more emotionally gratifying memory distortion for past choices and autobiographical information than younger adults do. In addition, when shown stimuli that vary in affective valence, positive items account for a larger proportion of older adults' subsequent memories than those of younger adults. This positivity effect in older adults' memories seems to be due to their greater focus on emotion regulation and to be implemented by cognitive control mechanisms that enhance positive and diminish negative information. These findings suggest that both cognitive abilities and motivation contribute to older adults' improved emotion regulation.
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Older Adults improve their ability to solve problems, including emotional ones.
“Fourthly, these differences might also be explained by the fact that Older Adults improve their ability to solve problems, including emotional ones [51,52].”
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Older adults (aged between 45 and 55 years) are more susceptible to economic and political uncertainty, exhibiting stress responses driven by financial instability and governance concerns.
“Older adults (aged between 45 and 55 years) are more susceptible to economic and political uncertainty, exhibiting stress responses driven by financial instability and governance concerns [106].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [106]
This may be because older individuals tend to focus on more positive things in general, so they might have focused on the more upbeat songs in each decade.
“This may be because the older individuals tend to focus on more positive things in general (Mather and Carstensen, 2005), so that they might have focused on the more upbeat songs in each decade.”
From Listening Niches across a Century of Popular Music (2017) · cites this paper as Mather and Carstensen, 2005
Older adults are more experienced in coping with problems and may be more capable of regulating their emotions.
“Indeed, older adults are more experienced in coping with problems and it has been suggested that older adults are more capable of regulating their emotions [31].”
From Worry and mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic: vulnerability factors in the general Norwegian population (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Motivation is related to greater improvements that could result in greater transfer effects.
“Thus, and consistent with previous studies, motivation this result highlights the importance of considering individual motivation through training, since it is related to greater improvements that could result in greater transfer effects (Mather and Carstensen, 2005; Jaeggi et al., 2013; Katz et al., 2014).”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Mather and Carstensen, 2005
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Remembering the Details: Effects of Emotion
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Emotion regulation: taking stock and moving forward
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The Theory Behind the Age-Related Positivity Effect
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Self-citationReed, A. E., Chan, L., & Mikels, J. A. (2014) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0035194 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
The evolution and psychology of self-deception
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Emotional Aging: Recent Findings and Future Trends
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Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory.
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Aging and the Intersection of Cognition, Motivation, and Emotion
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Self-citationAge differences in recognition of emotion in lexical stimuli and facial expressions.
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Mnemonic Similarity Task: A Tool for Assessing Hippocampal Integrity
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Motor action and emotional memory
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International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health
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How Does Subjective Well-Being Evolve with Age? A Literature Review
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The Affective Neuroscience of Aging
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Self-citationAge Advantages in Emotional Experience Persist Even Under Threat From the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Unpleasant situations elicit different emotional responses in younger and older adults.
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Self-citationThe Age of Reason: Financial Decisions over the Life-Cycle with Implications for RegulationPreprint
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Angry Faces Get Noticed Quickly: Threat Detection is not Impaired Among Older Adults
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Emotion and lying in a non-native language
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Self-citationPositive Adult Personality Development
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The Influence of Cognitive Decline on Well Being in Old Age
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Neural Processes Supporting Young and Older Adults' Emotional Memories
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The uncanny of mind in a machine: Humanoid robots as tools, agents, and experiencers
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Social-Cognitive Deficits in Normal Aging
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Aging, self-referencing, and medial prefrontal cortex
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Emotional modulation of interval timing and time perception
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Retrieval of Emotional Events from Memory
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- Authors
- Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mather, Mara
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 496-502
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117385529
- Cited by
- 1,910
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 145 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 127 · 2018: 128 · 2017: 128 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 91
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- positivity effect, aging, motivated cognition, emotional attention, memory, emotion regulation, cognitive control, emotional valence, autobiographical memory, memory distortion, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Attention, Brain, Cognition, Emotions, Fear, Humans, Learning, Memory, Motivation, Neural Inhibition
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