Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation of Energy Metabolism
Open accessAbstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental factor that modulates the host's energy balance. It increases the host's ability to harvest energy from the digested food, and produces metabolites and microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. These metabolites and microbial products act as signaling molecules that modulate appetite, gut motility, energy uptake and storage, and energy expenditure. Several findings suggest that the gut microbiota can affect the development of obesity. Germ-free mice are leaner than conventionally raised mice and they are protected against diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, obese humans and rodents have an altered gut microbiota composition with less phylogeneic diversity compared to lean controls, and transplantation of the gut microbiota from obese subjects to germ-free mice can transfer the obese phenotype. Taken together, these findings indicate a role for the gut microbiota in obesity and suggest that the gut microbiota could be targeted to improve metabolic diseases like obesity. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in energy balance regulation and its potential role in obesity.
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Host-microbe interactions in the brain, similar to those in the gut, could influence crucial traits, such as brain metabolic status, pathogen resistance and education of the brain's immune system.
“Therefore, host-microbe interactions in the brain, similar to those in the gut could influence crucial traits, such as brain metabolic status, pathogen resistance and education of the brain’s immune system [141,142].”
From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [142]
The Gut-Brain Axis and Leptin, Microbiota, and Hypothalamic Energy Balance Regulation sections (page numbers unavailable) describe gut microbes influencing hypothalamic energy regulation and microglial maturation. The Host-Microbiota Symbiosis section describes pathogen protection by gut microbes, but the paper does not establish pathogen resistance or host-microbe interactions within the brain itself. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe gut microbiota produces and releases an enormous array of compounds that may act upon host tissues modulating appetite, gut motility, energy uptake and storage, and energy expenditure.
“the gut microbiota produces and releases an enormous array of compounds which may act upon host tissues modulating appetite, gut motility, energy uptake and storage, and energy expenditure [146, 147].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [146]
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- Authors
- Heiss, C. N., & Olofsson, L. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Heiss, Christina N.
- Olofsson, Louise E.
- Venue
- Journal of Innate Immunity
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2017-11-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 163-171
- ISSN
- 1662-811X (ISSN-L)
- 1662-8128
- PMC
- PMC6757175
- OpenAlex
- W2767838428
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Innate Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Åke Wiberg Stiftelse
- Stiftelserna Wilhelm och Martina Lundgrens
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse
- Sahlgrenska Akademin
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, energy metabolism, energy balance, obesity, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, microbial metabolites, germ-free mice, diet-induced obesity, microbial transplantation, intestinal motility, appetite regulation, microbial diversity, metabolic disorders
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Hypothalamus, Obesity, Symbiosis, Signal Transduction, Leptin
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