Cited by 1,405Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsChronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 208 of the 208 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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Abstract

A growing appreciation of the pathophysiological interrelatedness of metabolic risk factors such as obesity and diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease has led to the conceptualization of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. The confluence of metabolic risk factors and chronic kidney disease within cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome is strongly linked to risk for adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. In addition, there are unique management considerations for individuals with established cardiovascular disease and coexisting metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, or both. An extensive body of literature supports our scientific understanding of, and approach to, prevention and management for individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. However, there are critical gaps in knowledge related to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in terms of mechanisms of disease development, heterogeneity within clinical phenotypes, interplay between social determinants of health and biological risk factors, and accurate assessments of disease incidence in the context of competing risks. There are also key limitations in the data supporting the clinical care for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, particularly in terms of early-life prevention, screening for risk factors, interdisciplinary care models, optimal strategies for supporting lifestyle modification and weight loss, targeting of emerging cardioprotective and kidney-protective therapies, management of patients with both cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, and the impact of systematically assessing and addressing social determinants of health. This scientific statement uses a crosswalk of major guidelines, in addition to a review of the scientific literature, to summarize the evidence and fundamental gaps related to the science, screening, prevention, and management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

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Crossref · 10.1161/cir.0000000000001186

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  1. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Lipid Work Group. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline for lipid management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:259–305.

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Metadata

Authors
Ndumele, C. E., Neeland, I. J., Tuttle, K. R., Chow, S. L., Mathew, R. O., Khan, S. S., Coresh, J., Baker-Smith, C. M., Carnethon, M. R., Després, J.-P., Ho, J. E., Joseph, J. J., Kernan, W. N., Khera, A., Kosiborod, M. N., Lekavich, C. L., Lewis, E. F., Lo, K. B., Ozkan, B., Palaniappan, L. P., Patel, S. S., Pencina, M. J., Powell-Wiley, T. M., Sperling, L. S., Virani, S. S., Wright, J. T., Rajgopal Singh, R., Elkind, M. S. V., Rangaswami, J., & on behalf of the American Heart Association
Venue
Circulation
Published
2023-11-14
Volume
148
Issue
20
Pages
1636-1664
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
OpenAlex
W4387435427
Cited by
1,405
References
208
Citations by year
2026: 694 · 2025: 569 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 8
FWCI
50.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • American Heart Association
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL140224)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic risk factors, cardiovascular risk, renal outcomes, prevention, screening, lifestyle modification, weight loss, cardioprotective therapy, social determinants of health, competing risks, multidisciplinary care
MeSH terms
American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Kidney, Risk Factors, United States, Metabolic Syndrome, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

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