Cited by 260Motor Control and AdaptationNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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Evidence of Developmental Differences in Implicit Sequence Learning: An fMRI Study of Children and Adults

Thomas, Kathleen M., Hunt, Ruskin H., Vizueta, Nathalie, Sommer, Tobias, Durston, Sarah, Yang, Yihong, Worden, Michael S.·2004·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/0898929042304688

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Abstract

Prevailing theories of implicit or unaware learning propose a developmental invariance model, with implicit function maturing early in infancy or childhood despite prolonged improvements in explicit or intentional learning and memory systems across childhood. Neuroimaging studies of adult visuomotor sequence learning have associated fronto-striatal brain regions with implicit learning of spatial sequences. Given evidence of continued development in these brain regions during childhood, we compare implicit sequence learning in adults and 7- to 11-year-old children to examine potential developmental differences in the recruitment of fronto-striatal circuitry during implicit learning. Participants performed a standard serial reaction time task. Stimuli alternately followed a fixed 10-step sequence of locations or were presented in a pseudorandom order of locations. Adults outperformed children, achieving a significantly larger sequence learning effect and showing learning more quickly than children. Age-related differences in activity were observed in the premotor cortex, putamen, hippocampus, inferotemporal cortex, and parietal cortex. We observed differential recruitment of cortical and subcortical motor systems between groups, presumably reflecting age differences in motor response execution. Adults showed greater hippocampal activity for sequence trials, whereas children demonstrated greater signal during random trials. Activity in the right caudate correlated significantly…

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Authors: Thomas, K. M., Hunt, R. H., Vizueta, N., Sommer, T., Durston, S., Yang, Y., & Worden, M. S.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
Cornell University (US)
ORCID: Thomas, Kathleen M.
Vizueta, Nathalie
Sommer, Tobias
Yang, Yihong
Worden, Michael S.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press - Journals
Published: 2004-10-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 8
Pages: 1339-1351
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/0898929042304688
OpenAlex: W2107564662
Cited by: 260
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 4.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH002024, K01 MH02024)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: implicit sequence learning, developmental differences, children, adults, serial reaction time task, frontostriatal circuits, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, putamen, premotor cortex
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Development, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychomotor Performance, Putamen, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Serial Learning

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Evidence of Developmental Differences in Implicit Sequence Learning: An fMRI Study of Children and Adults

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