Changes in events alter how people remember recent information
Open accessAbstract
Observers spontaneously segment larger activities into smaller events. For example, “washing a car” might be segmented into “scrubbing,” “rinsing,” and “drying” the car. This process, called event segmentation, separates “what is happening now” from “what just happened.” In this study, we show that event segmentation predicts activity in the hippocampus when people access recent information. Participants watched narrative film and occasionally attempted to retrieve from memory objects that recently appeared in the film. The delay between object presentation and test was always 5 sec. Critically, for some of the objects, the event changed during the delay whereas for others the event continued. Using fMRI, we examined whether retrieval-related brain activity differed when the event changed during the delay. Brain regions involved in remembering past experiences over long periods, including the hippocampus, were more active during retrieval when the event changed during the delay. Thus, the way an object encountered just 5 sec ago is retrieved from memory appears to depend in part on what happened in those 5 sec. These data strongly suggest that the segmentation of ongoing activity into events is a control process that regulates when memory for events is updated.
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Previous work found hand-labeled event boundaries associated with univariate activity increases in a network overlapping high-level areas.
“Previous work has shown that hand-labeled event boundaries are associated with univariate activity increases in a network of regions overlapping our high-level areas (Ezzyat & Davachi, 2011; Speer, Zacks, & Reynolds, 2007; Swallow et al., 2011; Whitney et al., 2009; Zacks, Braver, et al., 2001; Zacks, Speer, Swallow, & Maley, 2010)”
From Discovering Event Structure in Continuous Narrative Perception and Memory (2017) · cites this paper as Swallow et al., 2011
The Materials and Methods (Materials; page unavailable) describe event boundaries identified from observers’ button presses. The Results (Imaging Data; page unavailable) report greater activity in medial temporal and parietal regions when objects were retrieved across an event boundary, but this is a retrieval-related effect, not a demonstrated network-wide increase at the hand-labeled boundaries themselves. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Swallow, K. M., Barch, D. M., Head, D., Maley, C. J., Holder, D., & Zacks, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2011-05-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1052-1064
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- PMC
- PMC8674822
- OpenAlex
- W2097062694
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) (submittedVersion)
- KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Washington University in St. Louis
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH070674)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- event segmentation, recent memory, memory retrieval, hippocampus, narrative film, episodic memory, memory updating, ongoing activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Photic Stimulation, Reference Values, Serial Learning, Time Perception, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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