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Cited by 510Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerMuscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Muscle Glucose Metabolism following Exercise in the Rat

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Richter, Erik A., Garetto, Lawrence P., Goodman, Michael N., Ruderman, Neil B.·1982·Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1172/jci110517PMC PMC370132
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Abstract

Muscle glycogen stores are depleted during exercise and are rapidly repleted during the recovery period. To investigate the mechanism for this phenomenon, untrained male rats were run for 45 min on a motor-driven treadmill and the ability of their muscles to utilize glucose was then assessed during perfusion of their isolated hindquarters. Glucose utilization by the hindquarter was the same in exercised and control rats perfused in the absence of added insulin; however, when insulin (30-40,000 muU/ml) was added to the perfusate, glucose utilization was greater after exercise. Prior exercise lowered both, the concentration of insulin that half-maximally stimulated glucose utilization (exercise, 150 muU/ml; control, 480 muU/ml) and modestly increased its maximum effect. The increase in insulin sensitivity persisted for 4 h following exercise, but was not present after 24 h. The rate-limiting step in glucose utilization enhanced by prior exercise appeared to be glucose transport across the cell membrane, as in neither control nor exercised rats did free glucose accumulate in the muscle cell. Following exercise, the ability of insulin to stimulate the release of lactate into the perfusate was unaltered; however its ability to stimulate the incorporation of [(14)C]glucose into glycogen in certain muscles was enhanced. Thus at a concentration of 75 muU/ml insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis eightfold more in the fast-twitch red fibers of the red gastrocnemius than it did in the same muscle of nonexercised rats. In contrast, insulin only minimally increased glycogen synthesis in the fast-twitch white fibers of the gastrocnemius, which were not glycogen-depleted. The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by these muscles followed a similar pattern suggesting that glucose transport was also differentially enhanced. Prior exercise did not enhance the ability of insulin to convert glycogen synthase from its glucose-6-phosphate-dependent (D) to its glucose-6-phosphate-independent (1) form. On the other hand, following exercise, insulin prevented a marked decrease in muscle glucose-6-phosphate, which could have diminished synthase activity in situ. The possibility that exercise enhanced the ability of insulin to convert glycogen synthase D to an intermediate form of the enzyme, more sensitive to glucose-6-phosphate, remains to be explored. These results suggest that following exercise, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle are enhanced due at least in part to an increase in insulin sensitivity. They also suggest that this increase in insulin sensitivity occurs predominantly in muscle fibers that are deglycogenated during exercise.

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  • Treadmill running caused a twofold increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rat hindlimb perfusion assessed after exercise.

    “This was first described in studies showing that treadmill running caused a 2-fold increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake when assessed during the post-exercise period using a rat hindlimb perfusion model [76], and then later reproduced in human studies of one-legged exercise [77] and animals models of electrically stimulated muscle contraction [22].”

    From Intramuscular triacylglycerol and insulin resistance: guilty as charged or wrongly accused? (2010) · cites this paper as [76]

  • A single bout of muscle contraction increases insulin sensitivity in perfused hindquarters of healthy animals and in the whole body of healthy humans.

    “A single bout of muscle contraction increases insulin sensitivity in perfused hindquarters of healthy animals (242, 255, 434) and in the whole body of healthy humans (230, 343).”

    From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [434]

  • Even a single bout of exercise can enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in whole muscle tissue and individual muscle fibers.

    “In fact, even a single bout of exercise can enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in whole muscle tissue 103-105 and individual muscle fibers.106, 107”

    From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [103]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Ahlborg, G., and Felig, P. 1982. Lactate and glucose exchange across the forearm, legs, and splanchnic bed during and after prolonged exercise. J. Clin. Invest. In press.
  2. W. K. Waldhausl, editor. International Congress Series 500. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam-Oxford-Princeton. 329-332.

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Authors
Richter, E. A., Garetto, L. P., Goodman, M. N., & Ruderman, N. B.
Affiliations
Boston University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published
1982-04-01
Volume
69
Issue
4
Pages
785-793
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1172/jci110517
PMC
PMC370132
OpenAlex
W2101474138
Cited by
510
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 17
FWCI
6.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
muscle glucose metabolism, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, glycogen synthesis, glucose transport, skeletal muscle, glycogen synthase, fast-twitch muscle, hindquarter perfusion, lactate release, glucose-6-phosphate, muscle glycogen depletion, gastrocnemius, treadmill running, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, post-exercise recovery
MeSH terms
Animals, Physical Exertion, Glucose, Glycogen, Glycogen Synthase, Insulin, Lactates, Male, Muscles, Perfusion, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Rats

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