The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils.
Open accessAbstract
We extracted a granule-rich sediment from normal human neutrophils and subjected it to chromatographic, electrophoretic, and functional analysis. The extract contained three small (molecular weight less than 3,500) antibiotic peptides that were named human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3, and which will be referred to as "defensins." HNP 1-3, a mixture of the three defensins, killed Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli effectively in vitro when tested in 10 mM phosphate buffer containing certain nutrients, but it had little or no bactericidal activity in nutrient-free buffer. In contrast, the nutrient-free buffer supported a high degree of activity by HNP 1-3 against Cryptococcus neoformans. In addition to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, HNP 1-3 directly inactivated herpes simplex virus, Type 1. Two of the individual purified defensins, HNP-1 and HNP-2, were as microbicidal as the mixture HNP 1-3. HNP-3 was less active than the other defensins against most but not all of the microbes tested. Immunoperoxidase stains revealed HNP 1-3 to have a granular localization in the neutrophil's cytoplasm by light microscopy. Frozen thin section immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed HNP 1-3 to be localized in azurophil granules. These studies define a broad-spectrum antimicrobial system in human neutrophils. The defensin system may operate in conjunction with or independently from oxygen-dependent microbicidal processes to enable human neutrophils to inactivate and destroy potential pathogens.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity
Ganz, T. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1180 · Cited by 3,066
Self-citationAgents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane
Vaara, M. (1992) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.56.3.395-411.1992 · Cited by 1,879
Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential
Mookherjee, N., Anderson, M. A., Haagsman, H. P., & Davidson, D. J. (2020) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0058-8 · Cited by 1,502
Innate antimicrobial peptide protects the skin from invasive bacterial infection
Nizet, V., Ohtake, T., Lauth, X., Trowbridge, J., Rudisill, J., Dorschner, R. A., Pestonjamasp, V., Piraino, J., Huttner, K., & Gallo, R. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35106587 · Cited by 1,198
Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation
Faurschou, M., & Borregaard, N. (2003) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2003.09.008 · Cited by 1,162
Sørensen, O. E., Follin, P., Johnsen, A. H., Calafat, J., Tjabringa, G. S., Hiemstra, P. S., & Borregaard, N. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.12.3951 · Cited by 894
Yang, D., Biragyn, A., Hoover, D. M., Lubkowski, J., & Oppenheim, J. J. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104603 · Cited by 572
Dorschner, R. A., Pestonjamasp, V. K., Tamakuwala, S., Ohtake, T., Rudisill, J., Nizet, V., Agerberth, B., Gudmundsson, G. H., & Gallo, R. L. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01340.x · Cited by 567
Liévin-Le Moal, V., & Servin, A. L. (2006) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.19.2.315-337.2006 · Cited by 568
Antibacterial activity of lactoferrin and a pepsin-derived lactoferrin peptide fragment
Yamauchi, K., Tomita, M., Giehl, T. J., & Ellison, R. T. (1993) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.61.2.719-728.1993 · Cited by 500
Defensins in innate antiviral immunity
Klotman, M. E., & Chang, T. L. (2006) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1860 · Cited by 471
Cathelicidins - a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides
Bals, R., & Wilson, J. M. (2003) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) · doi:10.1007/s00018-003-2186-9 · Cited by 427
The intriguing role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in antitumor reactions
Di Carlo, E., Forni, G., Lollini, P., Colombo, M. P., Modesti, A., & Musiani, P. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.2.339 · Cited by 419
Wu, H., Kuzmenko, A., Wan, S., Schaffer, L., Weiss, A., Fisher, J. H., Kim, K. S., & McCormack, F. X. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci16889 · Cited by 412
Human neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles
Borregaard, N., Lollike, K., Kjeldsen, L., Sengeløv, H., Bastholm, L., Nielsen, M. H., & Bainton, D. F. (1993) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1993.tb00629.x · Cited by 295
Self-citationHost defense and pathogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus infections
DeLeo, F. R., Diep, B. A., & Otto, M. (2009) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2008.10.003 · Cited by 269
Macrophages Acquire Neutrophil Granules for Antimicrobial Activity against Intracellular Pathogens
Tan, B. H., Meinken, C., Bastian, M., Bruns, H., Legaspi, A., Ochoa, M. T., Krutzik, S. R., Bloom, B. R., Ganz, T., Modlin, R. L., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1864 · Cited by 267
Self-citationWang, G., Mishra, B., Epand, R. F., & Epand, R. M. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.016 · Cited by 184
Perspectives for clinical use of engineered human host defense antimicrobial peptides
Pachón-Ibáñez, M. E., Smani, Y., Pachón, J., & Sánchez-Céspedes, J. (2017) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fux012 · Cited by 159
Toll-like receptors in skin infections and inflammatory diseases
Lai, Y., & Gallo, R. (2008) · Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871526510808030144 · Cited by 119
Human Neutrophil-Mediated Nonoxidative Antifungal Activity against Cryptococcus neoformans
Mambula, S. S., Simons, E. R., Hastey, R., Selsted, M. E., & Levitz, S. M. (2000) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.68.11.6257-6264.2000 · Cited by 104
Self-citationde Leeuw, E., Rajabi, M., Zou, G., Pazgier, M., & Lu, W. (2009) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2009.06.051 · Cited by 64
Kalfa, V. C., Spector, S. L., Ganz, T., & Cole, A. M. (2004) · Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61503-7 · Cited by 41
Self-citationAntibacterial and antifungal drug discovery
Persidis, A. (1999) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/15141 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Ganz, T., Selsted, M. E., Szklarek, D., Harwig, S. S., Daher, K., Bainton, D. F., & Lehrer, R. I.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1985-10-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1427-1435
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2140472579
- Cited by
- 1,416
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 24.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
