Cited by 556Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAttachment and Relationship DynamicsHuman-Animal Interaction Studies

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A neurobiological basis of social attachment.

Thomas R. Insel·1997·American Journal of Psychiatry

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although an inability to form normal social attachments characterizes many forms of psychopathology, there has been little study of the neural basis of social bond formation. The primary purpose of this article is to describe a novel approach to the neurobiology of attachment. METHOD: The author reviews animal research on two closely related neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin, implicated in the central mediation of attachment behaviors. These neuropeptides appear to be important for the initiation of pair bonds and parental behaviors as well as the infant's response to social separation. RESULTS: Both cellular and molecular studies have begun to reveal the mechanisms by which oxytocin and vasopressin neural pathways are regulated, leading to a preliminary understanding of how these hormones act within the brain to influence complex social behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Although their function in the human brain has yet to be demonstrated, the available evidence suggests that oxytocin and vasopressin may prove to be important in the pathophysiology of clinical disorders, such as autism, characterized by an inability to form normal social attachments.

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Authors: Insel, T. R.
Affiliations: Emory University (US)
Corresponding author: Thomas R. Insel
ORCID: Thomas R. Insel
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1997-06-01
Volume: 154
Issue: 6
Pages: 726-735
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.154.6.726
OpenAlex: W1717145785
Cited by: 553
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 4.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Keywords: social attachment, neurobiology of attachment, oxytocin, vasopressin, pair bonding, parental behavior, social separation, autism spectrum disorder, neuropeptides
MeSH terms: Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Behavior, Animal, Arvicolinae, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Pair Bond, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Behavior, Vasopressins, Receptors, Vasopressin, Receptors, Oxytocin

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A neurobiological basis of social attachment.

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