The DOI matches its Crossref record; 84 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A neurobiological basis of social attachment.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although an inability to form normal social attachments characterizes many forms of psychopathology, there has been little study of the neural basis of social bond formation. The primary purpose of this article is to describe a novel approach to the neurobiology of attachment. METHOD: The author reviews animal research on two closely related neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin, implicated in the central mediation of attachment behaviors. These neuropeptides appear to be important for the initiation of pair bonds and parental behaviors as well as the infant's response to social separation. RESULTS: Both cellular and molecular studies have begun to reveal the mechanisms by which oxytocin and vasopressin neural pathways are regulated, leading to a preliminary understanding of how these hormones act within the brain to influence complex social behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Although their function in the human brain has yet to be demonstrated, the available evidence suggests that oxytocin and vasopressin may prove to be important in the pathophysiology of clinical disorders, such as autism, characterized by an inability to form normal social attachments.
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“In contrast, relationship discord has been found to be the most frequent cause of emotional distress [19]”
From Could intranasal oxytocin be used to enhance relationships? Research imperatives, clinical policy, and ethical considerations (2013) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Research has repeatedly implicated the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) as one of the key hormones involved in parent-infant bonding in mammals, as well as in a range of social and affiliative behaviors (3–7).”
From Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans (2010) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“For instance, hypothalamic lesions block the initiation, but not the maintenance, of maternal behaviors in rats (18), suggesting that OXT may specifically facilitate the transition from avoidance of pups to caring for them (19,20).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, pre-existing ‘primers’ are necessary to induce oxytocin-facilitated social bonding in monogamous Prairie voles, and, depending on the study designs, these primers can be gonadal hormones (e.g. estrogen), mating behaviors, or prolonged pre-exposure to a former stranger (for an early review, (Insel, 1997)).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Insel, 1997
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Metadata
- Authors
- Insel, T. R.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas R. Insel
- ORCID
- Thomas R. Insel
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1997-06-01
- Volume
- 154
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 726-735
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1717145785
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- social attachment, neurobiology of attachment, oxytocin, vasopressin, pair bonding, parental behavior, social separation, autism spectrum disorder, neuropeptides
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Behavior, Animal, Arvicolinae, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Pair Bond, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Behavior, Vasopressins, Receptors, Vasopressin, Receptors, Oxytocin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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