Blunted Neural Response to Rewards as a Prospective Predictor of the Development of Depression in Adolescent Girls
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OBJECTIVE: A blunted neural response to rewards has recently emerged as a potential mechanistic biomarker of adolescent depression. The reward positivity, an event-related potential elicited by feedback indicating monetary gain relative to loss, has been associated with risk for depression. The authors examined whether the reward positivity prospectively predicted the development of depression 18 months later in a large community sample of adolescent girls. METHOD: The sample included 444 girls 13.5-15.5 years old with no lifetime history of a depressive disorder, along with a biological parent for each girl. At baseline, the adolescents' reward positivity was measured using a monetary guessing task, their current depressive symptoms were assessed using a self-report questionnaire, and the adolescents' and parents' lifetime psychiatric histories were evaluated with diagnostic interviews. The same interview and questionnaire were administered to the adolescents again approximately 18 months later. RESULTS: A blunted reward positivity at baseline predicted first-onset depressive disorder and greater depressive symptom scores 18 months later. The reward positivity was also a significant predictor independent of other prominent risk factors, including baseline depressive symptoms and adolescent and parental lifetime psychiatric history. The combination of a blunted reward positivity and greater depressive symptom scores at baseline provided the greatest positive predictive value for first-onset depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong converging evidence that a blunted neural response to rewards precedes adolescent-onset depression and symptom emergence. Blunted neural response may therefore constitute an important target for screening and prevention.
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Alterations in reward processing predict later diagnoses of major depressive disorder, substance use disorder, and conduct disorder even in people who do not meet full diagnostic criteria.
“Even in individuals who do not meet full diagnostic criteria, alterations in reward processing predict later diagnoses of MDD (Nelson et al., 2016), substance use disorder (Castellanos-Ryan et al., 2011; Garfield et al., 2014), and conduct disorder (Rubia et al., 2009).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Nelson et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Nelson, B. D., Perlman, G., Klein, D. N., Kotov, R., & Hajcak, G.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2016-12-01
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1223-1230
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2475319108
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 16.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093479)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- reward positivity, adolescent depression, depressive symptoms, event-related potentials, biomarkers, depression risk prediction, adolescent girls
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Depressive Disorder, Evoked Potentials, Family Health, Female, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Reward, Risk Factors, Disease Progression
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