The effect of loneliness on depression: A meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Negative emotions, which have a common, chronic and recurrent structure, play a vital role in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. In this study, loneliness as a negative emotion was considered to be a predisposing factor in depression. Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the effect of loneliness on depression. Method: Initially, a literature scan was performed and all related literature was pooled together ( n = 531). Based on scales determined by the researchers, it was decided to include 88 studies in the analysis. This study obtained a sampling group of 40,068 individuals. Results: The results of using a random effects model for analysis showed that loneliness had a moderately significant effect on depression. None of the variables of study sampling group, type of publication and publication year were found to be moderator variables. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, loneliness may be said to be a significant variable affecting depression. The findings obtained are discussed in light of the literature.
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Depressive symptoms are positively associated with loneliness.
“Depressive symptoms are positively associated with loneliness (Erzen & Çikrikci, 2018)”
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Depression is closely tied to the experience of loneliness.
“a mental condition closely tied to the experience of loneliness (e.g., Erzen and Çikrikci 2018)”
From Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an internet-based CBT intervention for loneliness in older adults: A pilot RCT (2024) · cites this paper as Erzen and Çikrikci 2018
Pre-pandemic systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found loneliness robustly impacts well-being (e.g., depression symptoms).
“pre-pandemic systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found loneliness robustly impacts well-being (e.g., depression symptoms [26]).”
From Loneliness and Well-Being in Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
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Dworschak, C., Heim, E., Kuhn, N., Schwager, J., Tröster, A., & Maercker, A. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/238xz · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Erzen, E., & Çikrikci, Ö.
- Affiliations
- Artvin Coruh University (TR)
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
- Venue
- International Journal of Social Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-05-23
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 427-435
- ISSN
- 0020-7640 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2854
- OpenAlex
- W2804839060
- Cited by
- 838
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 165 · 2024: 140 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 147 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Social Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Keywords
- loneliness, depression, negative emotions, psychopathology, risk factors for depression
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Humans, Loneliness
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