Conceptual and methodological considerations in the study of trust and suspicion

Kee, Herbert W.; Knox, Robert E.

doi:10.1177/002200277001400307

Cited by 523Social Power and Status DynamicsSocial and Intergroup PsychologyAttachment and Relationship Dynamics

Conceptual and methodological considerations in the study of trust and suspicion

Kee, Herbert W., Knox, Robert E.·1970·Journal of Conflict Resolution

DOI 10.1177/002200277001400307

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Abstract

Trust and suspicion appear to underlie many social interactions. Thus it is not surprising that they occupy an important role in various efforts to account for the stability or instability of a wide variety of human relationships. One of the earliest systematic formulations of these concepts appeared in this journal over a decade ago (cf. Deutsch, 1958). Yet little progress has been made since then toward a more satisfactory conceptualization of trust and suspicion. This paper is devoted to the examination of both the theoretical and the methodological considerations relevant to the empirical study of trust and suspicion.

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Disposition to trust is not based on previous experience or personal traits.
“It is supposed that the disposition to trust is not based on previous experience or hence on personal traits (Rotter, 1967; Kee and Knox, 1970).”
From How Culture and Trustworthiness Interact in Different E-Commerce Contexts: A Comparative Analysis of Consumers' Intention to Purchase on Platforms of Different Origins (2021) · cites this paper as Kee and Knox, 1970

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Paton, D. (2007) · Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/09653560710758323 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Predicting community earthquake preparedness: a cross-cultural comparison of Japan and New Zealand
Paton, D., Bajek, R., Okada, N., et al. (2010) · Natural Hazards · doi:10.1007/s11069-010-9500-2 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“The rationale for the selection of the variables derived from a theory proposed by Kee and Knox (1970) and adapted for use in natural hazard contexts by Paton (2008).”
Method
Development and validation of a propensity to trust scale
Frazier, M. L., Johnson, P. D., & Fainshmidt, S. (2013) · Journal of Trust Research · doi:10.1080/21515581.2013.820026 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“In their model of trust and suspicion, Kee and Knox (1970) explicitly discuss the role of propensity to trust as an antecedent to trustworthiness perceptions.”
Background
Formal aspects of a generic model of trust for electronic commerce
Tan, Y., & Thoen, W. (2002) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/s0167-9236(02)00014-3 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The nature, antecedents, and consequences of joint venture trust
Inkpen, A. C., & Currall, S. C. (1998) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/s1075-4253(98)00004-0 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Properties of Trust: An Analytical View
Hwang, P. L. H., & Burgers, W. (1997) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1996.2673 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The role of competence‐based trust and organizational identification in continuous improvement
Lee, H. (2004) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940410551525 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Shared work values and team member effectiveness: The mediation of trustfulness and trustworthiness
Chou, L.-F., Wang, A.-C., Wang, T.-Y., Huang, M., & Cheng, B. (2008) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726708098083 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Individuals who receive trust tend to emotionally support the other party (Kee & Knox, 1970), provide positive feedback (Kasperson et al., 1992), and exert effort to fulfill the other party’s expectations (Luhmann, 1979).”
Background
La confiance en marketing : Fondements et applications
Guibert, N. (1999) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) · doi:10.1177/076737019901400101 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Assessing the Relevance of Green Banking Practice on Bank Loyalty: The Mediating Effect of Green Image and Bank Trust
Ibe-enwo, G., Igbudu, N., Garanti, Z., & Popoola, T. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11174651 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Vulnerability in business relationships: the gap between dependence and trust
Svensson, G. (2004) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/08858620410564418 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Interpersonal Trust: A Comparison of Attitudinal and Situational Factors
Scott, C. L. (1980) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872678003301103 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Understanding the loss of trust in large banks
Hurley, R. F., Gong, X., & Waqar, A. (2014) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-01-2014-0003 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Matter over mind: When specific asset investment affects calculative trust in supply chain partnership
Suh, T., & Kwon, I. G. (2005) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.02.001 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Disaster Resilient Communities: Developing and testing an all-hazards theory
Paton, D. (2013) · IDRiM Journal · doi:10.5595/idrim.2013.0050 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“Trust influences perception of other’s motives, their competence and the credibility of the information they provide (Earle 2004; Kee and Knox 1970; McAllister 1995).”
Background
Trust Me: A Scale for Measuring Manager‐Employee Trust
Tzafrir, S. S., & Dolan, S. L. (2004) · Management Research The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management · doi:10.1108/15365430480000505 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
A communication model of employee cynicism toward organizational change
Qian, Y., & Daniels, T. D. (2008) · Corporate Communications An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13563280810893689 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“In the trusting relationships, trustors have something meaningful at stake and are cognizant of the potential for betrayal and harm from the other (Kee & Knox, 1970).”
Background
How online word‐of‐mouth impacts receivers
Moore, S. G., & Lafreniere, K. C. (2019) · Consumer Psychology Review · doi:10.1002/arcp.1055 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Leadership, trustworthiness, and the mediating lens
Caldwell, C., & Hayes, L. A. (2007) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/02621710710732155 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Effect of transaction trust on e-commerce relationships between travel agencies
Wu, J., & Chang, Y. (2005) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.009 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Predicting Public Trust in Science: The Role of Basic Orientations Toward Science, Perceived Trustworthiness of Scientists, and Experiences With Science
Wintterlin, F., Hendriks, F., Mede, N. G., Bromme, R., Metag, J., & Schäfer, M. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2021.822757 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Testing plausible path models of interpersonal trust in patient-physician treatment relationships
Caterinicchio, R. P. (1979) · Social Science & Medicine Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology · doi:10.1016/0160-7979(79)90011-0 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Digital platforms for smallholder credit access: The mediation of trust for cooperation in maize value chain financing
Agyekumhene, C., de Vries, J. R., van Paassen, A., Macnaghten, P., Schut, M., & Bregt, A. K. (2018) · NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.njas.2018.06.001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Trust, then, is argued to be a relevant factor only in uncertain conditions where negative outcomes are likely (Kee and Knox, 1970).”
Background
The dark side of trust: Conceptualizing and measuring types of communicative suspicion
Levine, T. R., & McCornack, S. A. (1991) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463379109369809 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Empowerment in veterinary clinics: the role of trust in delegation
Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2016) · Journal of Trust Research · doi:10.1080/21515581.2016.1153479 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“While this definition of trust allows the construct to be separated from its behavioural outcomes, it also allows its separation from factors which lead to it (Cook & Wall, 1980; Kee & Knox, 1970).”
Opportunism and Trust in Transaction Cost Economics
Noorderhaven, N. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1800-9_6 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Exploration of skepticism, client‐specific experiences, and audit judgments
Popova, V. (2012) · Managerial Auditing Journal · doi:10.1108/02686901311284540 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Determinants of escrow service adoption in consumer-to-consumer online auction market: An experimental study
Antony, S., Lin, Z., & Xu, B. (2006) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2006.04.012 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
”Because AI is 100% right and safe”: User Attitudes and Sources of AI Authority in India
Kapania, S., Siy, O., Clapper, G., SP, A. M., & Sambasivan, N. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517533 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Several definitions and frameworks have emerged from the widespread and varied interest in trust [58, 83, 104].”
Background
Effects of interpersonal trust and time pressure on managerial mediation strategy in a simulated organizational dispute.
Ross, W. H., & Wieland, C. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.228 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Perceived trust towards suppliers and customers in supply chains of the Swedish automotive industry
Svensson, G. (2001) · International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/09600030110408152 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Trust Building Among Strangers
Ho, T., & Weigelt, K. (2005) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1040.0350 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“12 As suggested by Kee and Knox (1970), such meaningful incentives allow subjects to clearly recognize the dangers and rewards of extending trust.”
Background

Authors: Kee, H. W., & Knox, R. E.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Venue: Journal of Conflict Resolution
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1970-09
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Pages: 357-366
ISSN: 0022-0027 (ISSN-L)
1552-8766
DOI: 10.1177/002200277001400307
OpenAlex: W2017948180
Cited by: 523
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 4.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Conflict Resolution (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Keywords: trust, suspicion, interpersonal relationships, relationship stability, conceptualization of trust, trust measurement, social interaction

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Conceptual and methodological considerations in the study of trust and suspicion

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