Down-Regulating Narcissistic Tendencies: Communal Focus Reduces State Narcissism

Giacomin, Miranda; Jordan, Christian H.

doi:10.1177/0146167213516635

Cited by 85Personality Traits and PsychologyEmotions and Moral BehaviorDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Down-Regulating Narcissistic Tendencies: Communal Focus Reduces State Narcissism

Giacomin, Miranda, Jordan, Christian H.·2014·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/0146167213516635

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Narcissism has been conceptualized as a set of coherent, mutually reinforcing attributes that orients individuals toward self-enhancement and positive self-feelings. In this view, reducing one element of narcissism—such as a greater concern for agency than communion—may situationally reduce narcissism in a state-like manner. Across five studies, we found that increasing communal focus toward others decreases state narcissism. In Study 1, participants induced to feel empathy reported less state narcissism. In Studies 2 to 4, participants primed with interdependent self-construal reported less state narcissism than control participants and those primed with independent self-construal. Furthermore, in Study 4, changes in state narcissism mediated changes in desire for fame and perceptions that others deserve help. Thus, changes in one element of narcissism may situationally reduce narcissistic tendencies. These findings suggest that narcissism is more state-like and context-dependent than previously assumed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0146167213516635

Cites

66 of 66 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

These results support the notion that an individual's narcissism presentation may fluctuate over time and that vulnerable and grandiose presentations are inter-related and oscillating.
“As such, these results support the notion that an individual’s narcissism presentation may fluctuate over time [20, 21] and that vulnerable and grandiose presentations are inter-related and oscillating [9, 19].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism may reflect both sides of a narcissistic 'coin' that may be regularly oscillating, inter-related and state dependent.
“While the differences in presentation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism appear manifest, it has been argued that they reflect both sides of a narcissistic ‘coin’ [9] that may be regularly oscillating, inter-related and state dependent [6, 18–22].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [20]

Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117 · see citing works
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126 · see citing works
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,767 · see citing works
SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03206553 · Cited by 17,383 · see citing works
Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422 · Cited by 11,335 · see citing works
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068 · see citing works
A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.246 · Cited by 3,889 · see citing works
Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations.
Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 · Cited by 3,401 · see citing works
Further Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296223006 · Cited by 2,745 · see citing works
A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity.
Raskin, R. N., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,509 · see citing works
A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity.
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,267 · see citing works
Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1204_1 · Cited by 2,215 · see citing works
Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?
Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219 · Cited by 2,113 · see citing works
Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism.
Oyserman, D., & Lee, S. W. S. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.311 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016530 · Cited by 1,334 · see citing works
Psychological Entitlement: Interpersonal Consequences and Validation of a Self-Report Measure
Campbell, W. K., Bonacci, A. M., Shelton, J. A., Exline, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (2004) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa8301_04 · Cited by 1,279 · see citing works
Distress and empathy: two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences
Batson, C. D., Fultz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00426.x · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
The Duality of Human Existence
Thurston, B. L., & Bakan, D. (1969) · Review of Religious Research · doi:10.2307/3510925 · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works
Narcissism: Theory and measurement.
Emmons, R. A. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
The Duality of Human Existence
Challman, R. C., & Bakan, D. (1967) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1384070 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
Two faces of narcissism.
Wink, P. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.590 · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self.
Trafimow, D., Triandis, H. C., & Goto, S. G. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.649 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
Compassion
(2005) · doi:10.4324/9780203003459 · Cited by 1,041 · see citing works
Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., & Bushman, B. J. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation: Potential for Psychological Interventions
Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
What Does the Narcissistic Personality Inventory Really Measure?
Ackerman, R. A., Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., & Kashy, D. A. (2010) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191110382845 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and the Positivity of Self-Views: Two Portraits of Self-Love
Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202286007 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
The What, How, Why, and Where of Self-Construal
Cross, S. E., Hardin, E. E., & Gerçek‐Swing, B. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310373752 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy?: Self-esteem matters.
Sedikides, C., Rudich, E. A., Gregg, A. P., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.400 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Comparing Clinical and Social‐Personality Conceptualizations of Narcissism
Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00492.x · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Is empathy-induced helping due to self-other merging?
Batson, C. D., Sager, K., Garst, E., Kang, M., Rubchinsky, K., & Dawson, K. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.495 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world
Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., & Twenge, J. M. (2003) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00026-6 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118093108 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Agency And Communion As Conceptual Coordinates For The Understanding And Measurement Of Interpersonal Behavior
Wiggins, J. S. (2010) · University of Minnesota Press eBooks · doi:10.5749/9780816683567-006 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Narcissism and romantic attraction.
Campbell, W. K. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1254 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality
Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.008 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
The Coherence of Personality: Social-Cognitive Bases of Consistency, Variability, and Organization
Cervone, D., & Shoda, Y. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 487 · see citing works
6 The Narcissistic Self: Background, an Extended Agency Model, and Ongoing Controversies
Campbell, W. K., & Foster, J. D. (2015) · Cited by 445 · see citing works
The Multiple Self-Aspects Framework: Self-Concept Representation and Its Implications
McConnell, A. R. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310371101 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Narcissism and Commitment in Romantic Relationships: An Investment Model Analysis
Campbell, W. K., & Foster, C. A. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202287006 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Multivariate Applications in Substance Use Research
(2000) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410604217 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Contrasts in multiple mediator models.
MacKinnon, D. P. (2000) · Cited by 306 · see citing works
When Does Feeling Moral Actually Make You a Better Person? Conceptual Abstraction Moderates Whether Past Moral Deeds Motivate Consistency or Compensatory Behavior
Conway, P. J., & Peetz, J. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167212442394 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
On building, defending, and regulating the self : a psychological perspective
Tesser, A., Wood, J. V., & Stapel, D. A. (2005) · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Agentic and Communal Values: Their Scope and Measurement
Trapnell, P. D., & Paulhus, D. L. (2011) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.627968 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The integration of agency and communion in moral personality: Evidence of enlightened self-interest.
Frimer, J. A., Walker, L. J., Dunlop, W. L., Lee, B. H., & Riches, A. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023780 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Are there such things as “Narcissists” in social psychology? A taxometric analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Foster, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.003 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Attenuating the Link Between Threatened Egotism and Aggression
Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01818.x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Narcissism, empathy and social desirability
Watson, P. J., & Morris, R. J. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90253-8 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The case for using research on trait narcissism as a building block for understanding narcissistic personality disorder.
Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2010) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0018229 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Trait Personality Models of Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Grandiose Narcissism, and Vulnerable Narcissism
Miller, J. D., & Maples, J. L. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch7 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Seeing My World in a Million Little Pieces: Narcissism, Self‐Construal, and Cognitive–Perceptual Style
Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Grove, T. B. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00579.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Intertwined Evolution of Narcissism and Short‐Term Mating
Holtzman, N. S., & Strube, M. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch19 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-serving bias or simply serving the self? Evidence for a dimensional approach to narcissism
Tamborski, M., Brown, R. P., & Chowning, K. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.030 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Metamorphosis of Narcissus: Communal Activation Promotes Relationship Commitment Among Narcissists
Finkel, E. J., Campbell, W. K., Buffardi, L. E., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. E. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209340904 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A Historical Review of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality
Levy, K. N., Ellison, W. D., & Reynoso, J. S. (2011) · The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch1 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Psychological characteristics of self-injurious behavior
Polk, E., & Liss, M. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Narcissism, the Agency Model, and Approach‐Avoidance Motivation
Foster, J. D., & Brennan, J. C. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Addressing Criticisms of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)
Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch13 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Relationships between Type a Behavior, Narcissism, and Maternal Closeness for College Students in Japan, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China
Fukunishi, I., Nakagawa, T., Nakamura, H., Li, K., Hua, Z. Q., & Kratz, T. S. (1996) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.78.3.939 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
An interest in fame: Confirming the measurement and empirical conceptualization of fame interest
Maltby, J. (2009) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712609x466568 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Psychoanalytic Theories on Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality
Ronningstam, E. F. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Reflections in troubled waters: Narcissism and the vicissitudes of an interpersonally contextualized self
Rhodewalt, F. T., & Morf, C. C. (2005) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Treating Narcissus: a basic research perspective
Thomaes, S. C. E., & Bushman, B. J. (2011) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Treating Narcissus
Thomaes, S. C. E., & Bushman, B. J. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch43 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality
Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868316685018 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Separating Narcissism From Self-Esteem
Brummelman, E., Thomaes, S. C. E., & Sedikides, C. (2016) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721415619737 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Dancing Backwards in High Heels: Female Professors Experience More Work Demands and Special Favor Requests, Particularly from Academically Entitled Students
El-Alayli, A. G., Brown, A. A., & Ceynar, M. L. (2018) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-017-0872-6 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Leader narcissism and outcomes in organizations: A review at multiple levels of analysis and implications for future research
Braun, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00773 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
The Strategic Helper: Narcissism and Prosocial Motives and Behaviors
Konrath, S., Ho, M.-H., & Zarins, S. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9417-3 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Narcissistic Force Meets Systemic Resistance: The Energy Clash Model
Sedikides, C., & Campbell, W. K. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617692105 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Too great to act in solidarity: The negative relationship between collective narcissism and solidarity‐based collective action
Górska, P., Stefaniak, A., Malinowska, K., Lipowska, K., Marchlewska, M., Budziszewska, M., & Maciantowicz, O. M. (2020) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2638 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Wax and Wane of Narcissism: Grandiose Narcissism as a Process or State
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2016) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12148 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants.
Weidmann, R., Chopik, W. J., Ackerman, R. A., Allroggen, M., Bianchi, E. C., Brecheen, C., Campbell, W. K., Gerlach, T. M., Geukes, K., Grijalva, E. J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000463 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Impact of empathy with nature on pro‐environmental behaviour
Wang, L., Sheng, G., She, S., & Xu, J. (2022) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12856 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Too arrogant for their own good? Why and when narcissists dismiss advice
Kausel, E. E., Culbertson, S. S., Leiva, P. I., Slaughter, J. E., & Jackson, A. (2015) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.07.006 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Agentic narcissism, communal narcissism, and prosociality.
Nehrlich, A. D., Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., & Schoel, C. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000190 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-focused and feeling fine: Assessing state narcissism and its relation to well-being
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.04.009 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation
Shame behind the corner? A daily diary investigation of pathological narcissism
Sarno, M. D., Zimmermann, J., Madeddu, F., Casini, E., & Pierro, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103924 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Desperately Seeking Status: How Desires for, and Perceived Attainment of, Status and Inclusion Relate to Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism
Mahadevan, N., & Jordan, C. H. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672211021189 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Deserve and diverge: Feeling entitled makes people more creative
Zitek, E. M., & Vincent, L. C. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.10.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
State narcissism and aggression: The mediating roles of anger and hostile attributional bias
Li, C., Sun, Y., Ho, M. Y., You, J., Shaver, P. R., & Wang, Z. (2015) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21629 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study
Day, N. J. S., Townsend, M. L., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-020-00132-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Narcissism and stress-reactivity: a biobehavioural health perspective
Coleman, S. R. M., Pincus, A. L., & Smyth, J. M. (2019) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1547118 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Causal Inference in Generalizable Environments: Systematic Representative Design
Miller, L. C., Shaikh, S. J., Jeong, D. C., Wang, L., Gillig, T. K., Godoy, C. G., Appleby, P. R., Corsbie-Massay, C. L., Marsella, S., Christensen, J. L., et al. (2019) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2019.1693866 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Communal Narcissism: Theoretical and Empirical Support
Gebauer, J. E., & Sedikides, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
What Separates Narcissism from Self-esteem? A Social-Cognitive Perspective
Brummelman, E., Gürel, Ç., Thomaes, S. C. E., & Sedikides, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The dark side of empathy in narcissistic personality disorder
di Giacomo, E., Andreini, E., Lorusso, O., & Clerici, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1074558 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Let Go of Your (Inflated) Ego: Caring more about Others Reduces Narcissistic Tendencies
Jordan, C. H., Giacomin, M., & Kopp, L. (2014) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12128 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Validating Power Makes Communal Narcissists Less Communal
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2015) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2015.1031820 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is Desirability of the Trait a Boundary Condition of the Proteus Effect? A Pilot Study
McCain, J., Ahn, S. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2018) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2018.1531212 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self‐Worth and Politics: The Distinctive Roles of Self‐Esteem and Narcissism
Cichocka, A. K., Marchlewska, M., & Cisłak, A. (2023) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12897 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ethical Learning: The Workplace as a Moral Laboratory for Character Development
Smith, I. H., & Kouchaki, M. (2020) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12073 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Power increases the socially toxic component of narcissism among individuals with high baseline testosterone.
Mead, N. L., Baumeister, R. F., Stuppy, A., & Vohs, K. D. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000427 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Psychology of Collective Narcissism
de Zavala, A. G. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003296577 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Narcissistic personality features and contingencies of self-worth: What are the foundations of narcissistic self-esteem?
Zeigler‐Hill, V., & Vrabel, J. K. (2022) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2022.2091656 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Daily Work Role Stressors and Dark Triad States
Nübold, A., van Gils, S., & Zacher, H. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000505 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
State and trait narcissism predict everyday helping
Chen, S., Friesdorf, R., & Jordan, C. H. (2021) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1598892 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
消除威胁或无能狂怒?自恋对暴力犯攻击的影响机制
Liu, Y., Li, S., Yun, H. E., Doudou, W. A. N. G., & Yang, B. (2021) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00244 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Avoiding the brand for me, us, or them? Consumer reactions to negative brand events
Gerrath, M. H. E. E., Brakus, J. J., Siamagka, N., & Christodoulides, G. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113533 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Physiological and health-related correlates of the narcissistic personality
Konrath, S., & Bonadonna, J. P. (2014) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Understanding and Mitigating Narcissists’ Low Empathy
Hart, C. M., Hepper, E. G., & Sedikides, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_36 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Turning narcissists into prosocial agents: explaining young people’s online donation behavior
Paramita, W., Septianto, F., Rostiani, R., Winahjoe, S., & Audita, H. (2020) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/yc-11-2019-1070 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Servant Leadership and Employee Gratitude: The Moderating Role of Employee Narcissism
Song, L. J., Ni, D., Zhu, J., Zheng, X., & Zhu, L. (2024) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-023-09928-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The emergence of narcissism and self-esteem: A social-cognitive approach
Brummelman, E. (2018) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2017.1419953 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Narcissism on the Jersey Shore: Exposure to narcissistic reality TV characters can increase narcissism levels in viewers.
Gibson, B. D., Hawkins, I., Redker, C. M., & Bushman, B. J. (2016) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000140 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Telling people they are intelligent correlates with the feeling of narcissistic uniqueness: The influence of IQ feedback on temporary state narcissism
Zajenkowski, M., & Gignac, G. E. (2021) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2021.101595 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Can Job Stressors Activate Amoral Manipulation? A Weekly Diary Study
Ma, G. X., Petrou, P., Bakker, A. B., & Born, M. P. (2022) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-022-05170-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
State Narcissism
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_11 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Are people less generous after a family member gives to charity? The interaction of self-construal and relationship type
Zhao, X., Cai, F., & Yang, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.11.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Reciprocal relationships between narcissism and agentic versus communal work activities across the first 6 years of the career.
Heyde, F., Wille, B., Vergauwe, J., Hofmans, J., & Fruyt, F. D. (2023) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0001157 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Age and Gender Differences in Narcissism: A Comprehensive Study Across Eight Measures and Over 250,000 ParticipantsPreprint
Weidmann, R., Chopik, W. J., Ackerman, R. A., Allroggen, M., Bianchi, E. C., Brecheen, C., Campbell, W. K., Gerlach, T. M., Utesch, K., Grijalva, E. J., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5ygtc · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Translating trait to state assessment: The case of grandiose narcissism
Heyde, F., Wille, B., Kuijpers, E., Vergauwe, J., & Hofmans, J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284649 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Too Close to the Ego: Narcissists’ Affective Reaction to Advertising Depends on Its Relevance to Self-Image
He, Y. (2022) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2022.2027298 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Narcissism and self-versus recipient-oriented imagery in charitable giving.
Kang, E., & Lakshmanan, A. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218764658 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Do all roads lead to Rome? CEO narcissism and the role of ethnic courtiers
Dung, L. T. (2024) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-02-2024-0081 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Do consumer choices augment narcissism? The role of self-referent processing
Kokkoris, M. D., Sedikides, C., & Kühnen, U. (2018) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2018.1486881 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
I’m More Prosocial than Others: Narcissism Facilitates Prosocial Behavior in Public Situations
Song, Y., Chen, Q., Ren, P., Ma, J., & Li, C. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14121200 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rise of the Dark Side: How Sleep Perception Triggers Dark Triad States at Work
Kuijpers, E., Vergauwe, J., Vanderperre, S., Maîresse, O., & Hofmans, J. (2025) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2885 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Demographic, psychosocial, and cultural predictors of entitlement in a multiethnic Canadian undergraduate sample
Huang, S., & Kuo, B. C. H. (2020) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-020-09547-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Does television cultivate narcissism? Relationships between television exposure, preferences for specific genres, and subclinical narcissism.
Lull, R. B., & Dickinson, T. M. (2016) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000107 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Impression Management
Ziegler, M. D., & Heß, U. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1312-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Narcissistic traits and compassion: Embracing oneself while devoiding others
Freund, V. L., Peeters, F. P. M. L., Meesters, C. M. G., Geschwind, N., Lemmens, L. H. J. M., Bernstein, D. P., & Lobbestael, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914270 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Can communal work activities reduce supervisors’ state grandiose narcissism? A 10-day experience sampling study
Heyde, F., Vergauwe, J., Hofmans, J., & Wille, B. (2023) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2023.2219002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hatzfeld syndrome: Narcissistic postpurchase state of mind
Aytaç, M. B., & Akın, E. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l Administration · doi:10.1002/cjas.1597 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Understanding and Coping in Social Relationships with Narcissists
Brunell, A. B., & Hermann, A. D. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108908306 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Momentarily Quieting the Ego: Short-Term Strategies for Reducing Grandiose Narcissism
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_46 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Daily Associations between Helping Behavior, Gratitude, and Selfishness in Members of Alcoholics Anonymous
LaBelle, O. P. (2020) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347324.2020.1768992 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Making decisions affecting oneself versus others: The effect of interpersonal closeness and Dark Triad traits
Carré, J. R., Curtis, S. R., & Jones, D. N. (2022) · Business Ethics the Environment & Responsibility · doi:10.1111/beer.12455 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Narcissism in Situations Framework: Person and Situation Effects on State NarcissismPreprint
Maaß, U., Lüdtke, O., & Ziegler, M. D. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/usg8k · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Worship me at the office altar: Why narcissistic leaders resist remote work
Shandell, M. S., Elliott, C. E., & Grant, A. M. (2026) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104496 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Can narcissists be thankful? Narcissistic personality traits and aspects of gratitude
Leniarska, M., Zeigler‐Hill, V., Turek, A., & Zajenkowski, M. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112749 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Crossing Empirical and Clinical Studies on Narcissism:
Kawasaki, N. (2019) · The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan · doi:10.5926/arepj.58.167 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Narcissism in Romantic Relationships: Using Communal Activation to Promote Relationship Enhancing Attitudes
Biesen, J. N., & Smith, D. A. (2023) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2023.2255925 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychological and Academic Entitlement: Psychosocial and Cultural Predictors and Relationships with Psychological Well-Being
Huang, S. (2017) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Loving and Hating Hubrists: Demonstrating Innovativeness While Belittling Others
Ning, X., Mao, J., Huang, R., Guo, L., & Liu, W. (2025) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.70008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impression Management
Ziegler, M. D., & Heß, U. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1312 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Using the Christian Paradigm of Living and Learning to Rethink the Extravert Ideal
Talbert, B. J. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119098416.ch19
The role of “communion” and “agency” in college students’ first impressions of their peers
Gámez, E., Abella, M. C., Conde, E., González, R. D., & Torbay, Á. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01146-9
Jordan, Christian H.
Jordan, C. H. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_2144-1
Self-citation
Jordan, Christian H.
Jordan, C. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_2144
Self-citation
Unveiling the Influence of Leader Narcissism on Workplace Stress and Organizational Communication: Insights from the Information Technology Sector
Al, B. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub136.c747
The diverse impact of self-quantification: How narcissism prevents self-indulgence
Vries, E. L. E. D., & Karimi, S. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2025.04.005
The interplay of narcissism and self-construal in shaping sustainable work behavior in Indonesia collective culture
Nuzulia, S., Undarwati, A., Pratiwi, P. C., Rahmawati, D. A., & Dahriyanto, L. F. (2025) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2025.2532946
Glass half empty or full? Collective narcissism and ingroup satisfaction as mechanisms regulating opposite intergroup perceptions and behaviors
de Zavala, A. G. (2025) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2025.10.001
The "Stela Effect" of bright and dark narcissism on educational innovation in higher education: exploratory psychometric validation
Barrios, L., González-Bravo, C., Alvarez-Mon, M., Buján, J., Ortega, M. A., & de la Torre, B. (2025) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00517-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ego, Elevation, and Exclusion: Bidirectional Prospective Associations Between Narcissism and Status and Inclusion
Jordan, C. H., & Mahadevan, N. (2026) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.70081
Self-citation
Can directing self-enhancement from social to performance settings alleviate narcissistic personality disorder? Implications from narcissism-performance research
Zhang, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1621098
Chasing – Or Escaping – The Limelight of Sustainability Media Attention? Narcissism's Opposing Effects for Women and Men CEOs on Environmental Performance
Gloor, J. L. P., Chiu, S., Walls, J. L., & Faktor, G. (2026) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.70104
The effects of abusive supervision on subordinate loneliness, the Dark Triad, and behaviors
MacGowan, R. L., Gabriel, A. S., Ellis, A. P. J., Kim, A., & Mai, K. M. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116353

Let Go of Your (Inflated) Ego: Caring more about Others Reduces Narcissistic Tendencies
Jordan, C. H., Giacomin, M., & Kopp, L. (2014) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12128 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Momentarily Quieting the Ego: Short-Term Strategies for Reducing Grandiose Narcissism
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_46 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Narcissism in Situations Framework: Person and Situation Effects on State NarcissismPreprint
Maaß, U., Lüdtke, O., & Ziegler, M. D. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/usg8k · Cited by 5 · see citing works
State Narcissism
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_11 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
I don’t feel ya: How narcissism shapes empathy
Burgmer, P., Weiß, A., & Ohmann, K. (2019) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1645730 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Authors: Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H.
Affiliations: Wilfrid Laurier University (CA)
ORCID: Giacomin, Miranda
Jordan, Christian H.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-12-17
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Pages: 488-500
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/0146167213516635
OpenAlex: W2159422398
Cited by: 85
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 4.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: narcissism, self-enhancement, empathy, interdependent self-construal, independent self-construal, self-construal priming
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Empathy, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Narcissism, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Down-Regulating Narcissistic Tendencies: Communal Focus Reduces State Narcissism

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks