Do Mean Guys Always Finish First or Just Say That They Do? Narcissists’ Awareness of Their Social Status and Popularity Over Time
Abstract
Narcissists crave respect and admiration. Do they attain the status and popularity they crave, or do they just think that they do? In two studies (Ns = 133 and 94), participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, described themselves on core personality traits (e.g., extraversion), and were described by an informant on those traits. Participants also provided self- and peer ratings of status and liking in small groups after an initial meeting and over the course of 4 months (Study 2). Relative to people lower, people higher in narcissism initially attained, but eventually lost status; yet, they were aware that they tended to lose status. Narcissists were not especially popular, although they tended to think they were more popular. These patterns differed among narcissism facets, providing further support for the idea that the mixed adaptiveness of narcissism may be due to the heterogeneity of the construct.
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Narcissists can resort to ethically questionable and coercive behaviors to acquire status.
“Narcissists can resort to ethically questionable and coercive behaviors to acquire status (Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015; Zeigler-Hill, Vrabel, et al., 2018).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015
Narcissists are more inclined than nonnarcissists to view other-derogation as an acceptable avenue toward status attainment.
“Narcissists, however, might be more inclined than nonnarcissists to view it as an acceptable avenue toward status attainment (Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015) for a number of reasons.”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015
Narcissists are likely to acquire high status and become well-liked in short-term acquaintances and self-presentational settings because affiliative bonds there are shallow and less intimate.
“In fact, narcissists are likely to acquire a high status and become well-liked in short-term acquaintances and self-presentational settings because in such settings affiliative bonds are more shallow and less intimate (Back et al., 2010; Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015; Dufner, Rauthmann, Czarna, & Denissen, 2013; Lamkin, Clifton, Campbell, & Miller, 2014; Leckelt, Küfner, Nestler, & Back, 2015”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015
As interactions grow more intimate, narcissists are more likely to lose their initially high status and become less trusted and liked over time, especially because of antagonistic behaviors.
“However, as interactions grew more intimate, narcissists were more likely to lose their initially high status and to become less trusted and liked over time, especially because of their antagonistic behaviors (Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015; Küfner, Nestler, & Back, 2013; Leckelt et al., 2015; Paulhus, 1998).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015
At early stages of acquaintance, narcissists are more likely to increase in status and likability.
“Studies focusing on the formation of affiliative bonds among previously unacquainted individuals found that, at early stages of acquaintance, narcissists were more likely to increase in status and likability.”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Carlson & Lawless DesJardins, 2015
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Dadomo, H., Ponzi, D., Nicolini, Y., Volpi, R., Palanza, P., Pelosi, A., Bartolomucci, A., & Parmigiani, S. (2020) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-019-00125-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Understanding and Coping in Social Relationships with Narcissists
Brunell, A. B., & Hermann, A. D. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108908306 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Personality research in the 21st century: new developments and directions for the field
Medina‐Craven, M. N., Ostermeier, K. K., Sigdyal, P., & McLarty, B. D. (2022) · Journal of Management History · doi:10.1108/jmh-06-2022-0021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
How narcissism relates to upward-status disagreement in virtual project design teams
Xu, T., & Benson, A. J. (2024) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2024.2314922 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pringle, V., Tissera, H., Elsaadawy, N., Carlson, E. N., & Human, L. J. (2024) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506241263636 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationWhen and why is “extraversion” associated with social popularity?Preprint
Ilmarinen, V. (2018) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/3nfgh · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A status-seeking account of psychological entitlementPreprint
Lange, J., Redford, L., & Crusius, J. (2018) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/9tvm2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Buss, M., Wagner, J., Bleckmann, E., & Wieczorek, L. L. (2024) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12720 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fibbing friends: self and friend perceptions of honesty and honesty-adjacent characteristics
Yang, H., Low, A. E., & Chopik, W. J. (2025) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104612 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lyons, M. T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814291-2.00005-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Czarna, A. Z., Wróbel, M., Folger, L. F., Holtzman, N. S., Daley, J. R., & Foster, J. D. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544754.013.62 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Evil Queen’s dilemma: Linking narcissistic admiration and rivalry to benign and malicious envyPreprint
Lange, J., Crusius, J., & Hagemeyer, B. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zs7mc · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dufner, M., Grapsas, S., & Rau, R. (2025) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506251356006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bush‐Evans, R., Hart, C. M., Cisek, S. Z., Satchell, L. P., & Sedikides, C. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15111461 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
DesJardins, L., & Nicole, M. (2016) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shared Reality or Shared Illusions? Evaluating Moral Impressions
Barranti, M. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814291-2.10000-2
Brunell, A. B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_1561-1
Hater_etal_The Social Meta-Accuracy Model_JPSP_preprintPreprint
Hater, L., Elsaadawy, N., Biesanz, J. C., Breil, S. M., Human, L. J., Niemeyer, L. M., Tissera, H., Back, M. D., & Carlson, E. N. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9fwnd
Self-citationNarcissism and self-enhancement: An underestimated relationship?
Moser, K. (2024) · Psihologia Resurselor Umane · doi:10.24837/pru.v22i2.571
Narcissism and the appraisal of status-related social cues
Atkinson, B. E., & Heerey, E. A. (2025) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104671
Eken, F. O., & Kaya, M. E. (2025) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy24.unpt
How Does Narcissism Relate to Popularity and Likeability in an Adolescent Residential Setting?
Barry, C. T., Yoshizumi, A. C., Kim, H. W., & Yedinak, P. (2026) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075261444785
The development of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism in young adulthoodPreprint
Wetzel, E., & Wolff, C. (2023) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Jordan, C. H., & Mahadevan, N. (2026) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.70081
Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry: An Interpersonal Approach to Construct ValidationPreprint
Wright, A. G. C., Smith, T. W., Girard, J. M., & Grove, J. L. (2018) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
- Authors
- Carlson, E. N., & DesJardins, N. M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Oregon (US)
- ORCID
- Carlson, Erika N.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-04-17
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 901-917
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2082840094
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 8.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- narcissism, social status, popularity, self-perception, peer liking
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Narcissism, Personality, Personality Inventory, Self Concept, Social Perception, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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