A Landscape of Subjective and Objective Stress in African-American Dementia Family Caregivers

Cothran, Fawn A.; Chang, Emily; Beckett, Laurel; Bidwell, Julie T.; Price, Candice A.; Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores

doi:10.1177/01939459211062956

Cited by 30Nursing care and researchDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchHealth and Well-being Studies

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A Landscape of Subjective and Objective Stress in African-American Dementia Family Caregivers

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Cothran, Fawn A., Chang, Emily, Beckett, Laurel, Bidwell, Julie T., Price, Candice A., Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores·2022·Western Journal of Nursing Research

DOI 10.1177/01939459211062956PMC PMC8908689

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Abstract

Stress is a significant part of daily life, and systemic social inequities, such as racism and discrimination, are well-established contributors of chronic stress for African Americans. Added exposure to the stress of caregiving may exacerbate adverse health outcomes. This secondary analysis describes subjective and objective stress in African American family caregivers, and relationships of subjective and objective stress to health outcomes. Baseline data from 142 African American dementia family caregivers from the “Great Village” study were described using means and frequencies; regression models and Pearson’s correlation were used to examine associations between demographics, social determinants of health, and health outcomes. Mixed models were used to examine change and change variation in cortisol. Most caregivers had moderate degrees of stress. Stress was associated with sleep disruption and depressive symptoms, and discrimination appeared to be an independent contributor to depressive symptoms. This work provides a foundation for interpreting subjective and objective indicators of stress to tailor existing multicomponent interventions.

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Discrimination is linked with depressive symptoms among African American dementia caregivers.
“Discrimination is also linked with depressive symptoms among African American dementia caregivers.429”
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Odo, O. C., & Ozor, T. A. (2025) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igaf122.2929
Caregiving stressors and sleep outcomes: examining group differences among caregivers of persons living with dementia
Wang, F., Cho, S., Conway, A., Heo, Y., Lau, C., & Machry, K. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbag088
A Sociocultural Stress and Coping Model for Mental Health Outcomes Among African American Caregivers in Southern California
Knight, B. G., Silverstein, M. D., McCallum, T., & Fox, L. S. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/55.3.p142 · Cited by 256

Authors: Cothran, F. A., Chang, E., Beckett, L., Bidwell, J. T., Price, C. A., & Gallagher-Thompson, D.
Affiliations: University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author: Cothran, Fawn A.
ORCID: Cothran, Fawn A.
Beckett, Laurel
Bidwell, Julie T.
Price, Candice A.
Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores
Venue: Western Journal of Nursing Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2021-12-04
Volume: 44
Issue: 3
Pages: 239-249
ISSN: 0193-9459 (ISSN-L)
1552-8456
DOI: 10.1177/01939459211062956
PMC: PMC8908689
OpenAlex: W4200457928
Cited by: 30
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
FWCI: 6.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Western Journal of Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: national institute on aging (R01AG054079)
eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development (K12 HD051958)
national institute of nursing research (P01NR011587)
national center for advancing translational sciences (KL2TR001859, UL1TR001860)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
Keywords: dementia caregiving, African American caregivers, family caregivers, subjective stress, cortisol, chronic stress, racism, discrimination, sleep disruption, depressive symptoms, social determinants of health
MeSH terms: Black or African American, Dementia, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Stress, Psychological, Caregivers

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A Landscape of Subjective and Objective Stress in African-American Dementia Family Caregivers

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