The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Creativity and Memory: Effects of an Episodic-Specificity Induction on Divergent Thinking
Open accessAbstract
People produce more episodic details when imagining future events and solving means-end problems after receiving an episodic-specificity induction—brief training in recollecting details of a recent event—than after receiving a control induction not focused on episodic retrieval. Here we show for the first time that an episodic-specificity induction also enhances divergent creative thinking. In Experiment 1, participants exhibited a selective boost on a divergent-thinking task (generating unusual uses of common objects) after a specificity induction compared with a control induction; by contrast, performance following the two inductions was similar on an object association task thought to involve little divergent thinking. In Experiment 2, we replicated the specificity-induction effect on divergent thinking using a different control induction, and also found that participants performed similarly on a convergent-thinking task following the two inductions. These experiments provide novel evidence that episodic memory is involved in divergent creative thinking.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“With respect to divergent thinking, ESI increases the production of both old ideas from memory (e.g., novel uses of an object based on remembering a past experience involving that use) and new ideas from imagination generated for the first time during study”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“without affecting performance on nonepisodic tasks like typical semantic associates (Madore et al. 2015(Madore et al. , 2016a) ) and convergent creative riddles (Madore et al. 2015).”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“That is, an episodic retrieval manipulation increased not only the retrieval of old ideas but the production of new ideas that were not associated with any one particular past experience, as in our previous induction-related behavioral work (Madore et al. 2015(Madore et al. , 2016a)).”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Critically, administering the specificity induction increased the number of appropriate uses that participants generated on a subsequent alternate uses task, and also increased episodic details on a future simulation task [72].”
From Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics (2016) · cites this paper as [72]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Kernels of evidence suggest that neural processes supporting episodic memory-the retrieval of particular elements of prior experiences-may also be involved in divergent thinking, but such processes have typically been characterized as not very relevant for, or even a hindrance to, creative output.”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“a cognitive manipulation that facilitates episodic retrieval enhances the generation of ideas on divergent thinking tasks (Madore et al. 2015(Madore et al. , 2016a));”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To this end, previous behavioral work has indicated that ESI, compared with various control inductions that do not target episodic retrieval, improves subsequent performance on tasks that involve the retrieval and reconstruction of episodic details, such as episodic remembering and imagining (Madore et al. 2014), means-end problem solving (Madore and Schacter 2014) and divergent thinking (Madore”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The ESI effect has likewise been exhibited for typical generative divergent thinking measures (Guilford et al. 1960) that include total responses that are deemed feasible or appropriate in everyday life and that fit under distinct and flexible categories (Madore et al. 2015(Madore et al. , 2016a)).”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Both the AUT and OAT involve assembling, integrating, and generating information in response to an object cue, but the AUT involves divergent thinking and episodic imagery (Madore et al. 2015(Madore et al. , 2016a;;Addis et al. 2016).”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This pattern of induction-related findings replicates and extends behavioral studies of divergent thinking (Madore et al. 2015(Madore et al. , 2016a)), and indicates for the first time that the ESI manipulation selectively affected divergent thinking performance in an fMRI setting but did not affect performance on an object control task.”
From Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking (2019) · cites this paper as Madore et al. 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6,051
Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950
The Nature of Human Intelligence
Carroll, J. B., & Guilford, J. P. (1968) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1161820 · Cited by 4,657
The associative basis of the creative process.
Mednick, S. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0048850 · Cited by 4,140
Squire, L. R., Stark, C. E. L., & Clark, R. E. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144130 · Cited by 2,680
Aging and autobiographical memory: dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval
Levine, B., Svoboda, E., Hay, J. F., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.4.677 · Cited by 1,521
Finke, R. A., Ward, T. B., & Smith, S. M. (1992) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7722.001.0001 · Cited by 1,443
The future of memory: remembering, imagining, and the brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., Hassabis, D., Martin, V. C., Spreng, R. N., & Szpunar, K. K. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001 · Cited by 1,398
Self-citation(1992) · Cited by 1,155
The Creative Cognition Approach
(1995) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2205.001.0001 · Cited by 919
Szpunar, K. K. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610362350 · Cited by 663
Age-Related Changes in the Episodic Simulation of Future Events
Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02043.x · Cited by 660
Self-citationNormative data for 144 compound remote associate problems
Bowden, E. M., & Jung-Beeman, M. (2003) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03195543 · Cited by 649
Gilhooly, K. J., Fioratou, E., Anthony, S. H., & Wynn, V. (2007) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2007.tb00467.x · Cited by 643
Evaluative and generative modes of thought during the creative process
Ellamil, M., Dobson, C., Beeman, M., & Christoff, K. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.008 · Cited by 611
The Cognitive Interview: A meta-analytic review and study space analysis of the past 25 years.
Memon, A., Meissner, C. A., & Fraser, J. (2010) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/a0020518 · Cited by 568
To create or to recall? Neural mechanisms underlying the generation of creative new ideas
Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Fink, A., Koschutnig, K., Reishofer, G., Ebner, F., & Neubauer, A. C. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.021 · Cited by 407
Creativity and the brain: uncovering the neural signature of conceptual expansion
Abraham, A., Pieritz, K., Thybusch, K., Rutter, B., Kröger, S., Schweckendiek, J., Stark, R., Windmann, S., & Hermann, C. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.015 · Cited by 208
Madore, K. P., Gaesser, B., & Schacter, D. L. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0034885 · Cited by 208
Self-citationFixation, Incubation, and Insight in Memory and Creative Thinking
(1995) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2205.003.0009 · Cited by 175
Hippocampal amnesia disrupts creative thinking: Creative Thinking and the Hippocampus
Duff, M. C., Kurczek, J., Rubin, R., Cohen, N. J., & Tranel, D. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22208 · Cited by 170
Sheldon, S., McAndrews, M. P., & Moscovitch, M. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.021 · Cited by 161
An episodic specificity induction enhances means-end problem solving in young and older adults.
Madore, K. P., & Schacter, D. L. (2014) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0038209 · Cited by 150
Self-citationDivergent thinking and constructing episodic simulations
Addis, D. R., Pan, L., Musicaro, R., & Schacter, D. L. (2016) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2014.985591 · Cited by 140
Self-citationMadore, K. P., & Schacter, D. L. (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.999097 · Cited by 103
Self-citationBeuckelaer, A. D., Lievens, F., & Swinnen, G. (2007) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317907x173421 · Cited by 92
Forgetting as a consequence and enabler of creative thinking
Storm, B. C., & Patel, T. N. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000006 · Cited by 68
Cognition and the Creation of Ideas
Smith, S. M., & Ward, T. B. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734689.013.0023 · Cited by 57
Retrieval orientation and the control of recollection: an fMRI study
Morcom, A. M., & Rugg, M. D. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00299 · Cited by 45
Rudoy, J. D., Weıntraub, S., & Paller, K. A. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.12.006 · Cited by 29
Using what we know: Consequences of intentionally retrieving gist versus item-specific information.
Koutstaal, W., & Cavendish, M. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.778 · Cited by 21
Guilford, J. P., Christensen, P. R., Merrifield, P. R., et al. (1960) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t06443-000 · Cited by 21
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 10.1111/146709280.00082 · DOI
- Eichenbaum H., Cohen N. J. (2001). From conditioning to conscious recollection: Memory systems of the brain. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Platt J., Spivack G. (1975). Manual for the Means-End Problem Solving test (MEPS): A measure of interpersonal problem solving skill. Philadelphia, PA: Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital.
- Schacter D. L., Madore K. P. (in press). Remembering the past and imagining the future: Identifying and enhancing the contribution of episodic memory. Memory Studies.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics
Beaty, R. E., Benedek, M., Silvia, P. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.004 · Cited by 1,105
Self-citationEpisodic memory and beyond: the hippocampus and neocortex in transformation
Moscovitch, M., Cabeza, R., Winocur, G., & Nadel, L. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143733 · Cited by 1,062
Beaty, R. E., Seli, P., & Schacter, D. L. (2018) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.08.013 · Cited by 300
Self-citationJohnson, D. M., Gardner, M. J., & Perry, R. (2018) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.05.003 · Cited by 284
Jing, H. G., Madore, K. P., & Schacter, D. L. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000142 · Cited by 214
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Madore, K. P., Addis, D. R., & Schacter, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Madore, Kevin P.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-07-23
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1461-1468
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- PMC
- PMC4567456
- OpenAlex
- W1827753710
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 30.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag008441-30)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG008441, AG 08441, R37AG008441)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 060941, R01MH060941)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- creativity, episodic memory, divergent thinking, episodic memory retrieval, convergent thinking, object association
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Creativity, Female, Humans, Imagination, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Thinking, Young Adult, Memory, Episodic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
