Predicting Outcomes after Pregnancy Loss: Results from Studies Using the Perinatal Grief Scale
Abstract
There are widely diverse findings in the literature on the types of variables that best predict grief following a pregnancy loss. This article compares the results from twenty-two studies, carried out in four countries, which all used the Perinatal Grief Scale as their outcome measure. Results of the comparison support the value of the measure for such investigations and indicate strong commonalities among the findings. Specifically, lower grief scores are consistently related to male gender, older age, shorter pregnancy, passage of more time since the loss, mental health, good marital relationship and social support, and a subsequent pregnancy. Conclusions suggest the need for studies that include more diverse populations and evaluate the impact of attributions, coping, and interventions following a loss.
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The PGS-33 has been extensively evaluated, with psychometrically sound properties reported (Cronbach's alphas between 0.92 and 0.96).
“The PGS-33 is the most common grief scale used among the perinatal loss literature and has been extensively evaluated, with psychometrically sound properties reported (including Cronbach’s alphas between 0.92 and 0.96) [66, 67].”
From Factors contributing to men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal death: further development of an emerging model in an Australian sample (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
Overall, grief scores were high, with the average score above the minimum cut-off for a high degree of grief according to population norms (cut-off = 91).
“Overall, grief scores were high, with the average score sitting above the minimum cut-off considered to be a high degree of grief according to population norms (cut-off = 91) [67].”
From Factors contributing to men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal death: further development of an emerging model in an Australian sample (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
Population norms suggest that total grief scores above 91 for the PGS are reflective of a high degree of grief.
“Population norms suggest that total grief scores above 91 for the PGS are reflective of a high degree of grief [97].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Lasker, J. N., & Toedter, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Lehigh University (US)
- Moravian University (US)
- ORCID
- Lasker, Judith N.
- Venue
- Illness, Crisis & Loss
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 350-372
- ISSN
- 1054-1373 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6968
- OpenAlex
- W2240838594
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Illness Crisis & Loss (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- perinatal grief, miscarriage, Perinatal Grief Scale, gender differences, social support, marital relationships, subsequent pregnancy, coping, bereavement
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