Sinus tachyarrhythmias and the specific bradycardic agents: a marriage made in heaven?
Abstract
A relatively novel group of drugs that inhibit the funny current in the sinus node pacemaker cells, the so-called specific bradycardic agents, are likely to play a significant role in the management of a wide range of cardiovascular disorders, including the sinus tachyarrhythmias. This comprehensive review initially provides an insight into these agents, their historical background, and their mechanism of action. It then discusses the differential diagnosis of the sinus tachyarrhythmias (normal sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and sinus node reentry tachycardia), elaborates on their pathophysiologic basis, and provides up-to-date evidence-based information on their optimum management. The specific bradycardic agents, by the very nature of their mode of action, may prove ideal therapies for the management of the sinus tachyarrhythmias, and this is explored at every stage.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Verapamil, digoxin, and amiodarone have variable success in sinus node reentrant tachycardia; beta-blockers are often ineffective; ivabradine likely has minimal benefit.
“Verapamil, digoxin, and amiodarone have demonstrated variable success while beta-blockers are often ineffective, and the potential benefit of ivabradine is likely to be minimal.92,98”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [98]
Cites
Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology.
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-819_4 · Cited by 8,524 · see citing works
The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial
Lechat, P. P., Brunhuber, K., Hofmann, R., Kuhn, P., Nesser, H., Slany, J., Weihs, W., Wiedermann, C. J., Wimmer, H., van Mieghem, W., et al. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11181-9 · Cited by 4,922 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system.
Klein, I., & Ojamaa, K. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200102153440707 · Cited by 2,300 · see citing works
Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: The Framingham study
Kannel, W. B., Kannel, C., Paffenbarger, R. S., & Cupples, L. A. (1987) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(87)90666-1 · Cited by 1,292 · see citing works
(2017) · Arzneimittelforschung · doi:10.1055/s-00000175 · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
EFFECT ON MORTALITY OF METOPROLOL IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Hjalmarson, Å. C., Herlitz, J. D., Malek, I., Rydén, L., VEDIN, A., Waldenström, A. P., Wedel, H., Elmfeldt, D., Holmberg, S., Nyberg, G., et al. (1981) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91101-6 · Cited by 1,117 · see citing works
Cardiac Toxicity 4 to 20 Years After Completing Anthracycline Therapy
Steinherz, L. J. (1991) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470120074036 · Cited by 967 · see citing works
Pacemaker Mechanisms in Cardiac Tissue
DiFrancesco, D. (1993) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.55.030193.002323 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Direct activation of cardiac pacemaker channels by intracellular cyclic AMP
DiFrancesco, D., & Tortora, P. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/351145a0 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Autoantibodies to ganglionic acetylcholine receptors in autoimmune autonomic neuropathies
Vernino, S., Low, P. A., Fealey, R. D., Stewart, J. D., Farrugia, G., & Lennon, V. A. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200009213431204 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Influence of heart rate on mortality among persons with hypertension: The Framingham Study
Gillman, M. W., Kannel, W. B., Belanger, A. J., & D’Agostino, R. B. (1993) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(93)90128-v · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Orthostatic Intolerance and Tachycardia Associated with Norepinephrine-Transporter Deficiency
Shannon, J. R., Flattem, N. L., Jordan, J., Jacob, G., Black, B. K., Biaggioni, I., Blakely, R. D., & Robertson, D. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200002243420803 · Cited by 594 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In certain cases of this form of POTS, the basic abnormality responsible is a defective norepinephrine-transporter mechanism (109).”
BackgroundAustralia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)80008-6 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
A Gain-of-function Polymorphism in a G-protein Coupling Domain of the Human β1-Adrenergic Receptor
Mason, D. A., Moore, J. D., Green, S. A., & Liggett, S. B. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12670 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology
(1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-06523-1 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Idiopathic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: An attenuated form of acute pandysautonomia?
Schondorf, R., & Low, P. A. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.1_part_1.132 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: A reversible form of left ventricular dysfunction
Packer, D. L., Bardy, G. H., WORLEY, S. J., Stafford‐Smith, M., Cobb, F. R., Coleman, R. E., Gallagher, J. J., & German, L. D. (1986) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)90836-2 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Small, K. M., Wagoner, L. E., Levin, A. M., Kardia, S. L. R., & Liggett, S. B. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020803 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test in normal and neuropathic subjects
Low, P. A., Caskey, P. E., Tuck, R. R., Fealey, R. D., & Dyck, P. J. B. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410140513 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Subcellular effects of adriamycin in the heart: A concise review
Singal, P. K., DEALLY, C., & Weinberg, L. E. (1987) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(87)80392-9 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias. Results and mechanisms.
Lesh, M. D., Hare, G. F. V., Epstein, L. M., Fitzpatrick, A. P., Scheinman, M. M., Lee, R. J., Kwasman, M. A., Grogin, H. R., & Griffin, J. C. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.3.1074 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology
Levi, J. A. (1987) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0031-3025(16)39749-5 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Pulse rate, coronary heart disease, and death: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
Gillum, R. F., Makuc, D. M., & Feldman, J. J. (1991) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90970-s · Cited by 405 · see citing works
The neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome
Jacob, G., Costa, F., Shannon, J. R., Robertson, R. M., Wathen, M., Stein, M., Biaggioni, I., Ertl, A., Black, B., & Robertson, D. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200010053431404 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Wu, D., Denes, P., AMAT-Y-LEON, F., Dhingra, R. C., Wyndham, C. R. C., Bauernfeind, R. A., Latif, P., & Rosen, K. M. (1978) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(78)90856-1 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Neurally Mediated Hypotension and the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Bou-Holaigah, I. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530120053041 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Demonstration of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in the human heart.
Boineau, J. P., Canavan, T. E., Schuessler, R. B., Cain, M. E., Corr, P. B., & Cox, J. L. (1988) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.77.6.1221 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Lamotte, G., & Low, P. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85492-4.00118-6 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Mode of action of bradycardic agent, S 16257, on ionic currents of rabbit sinoatrial node cells
Bois, P., Bescond, J., Renaudon, B., & Lenfant, J. (1996) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15505.x · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Current-dependent Block of Rabbit Sino-Atrial Node If Channels by Ivabradine
Bucchi, A., Baruscotti, M., & DiFrancesco, D. (2002) · The Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.20028593 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
(1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00246-5 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Guidelines for clinical intracardiac electrophysiological and catheter ablation procedures
Zipes, D. P., Dimarco, J., Gillette, P. C., Jackman, W. M., Myerburg, R. J., Rahimtoola, S. H., Ritchie, J. L., Cheitlin, M. D., Garson, A., Gibbons, R. J., et al. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)80037-h · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Characterization of single pacemaker channels in cardiac sino-atrial node cells
DiFrancesco, D. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/324470a0 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
van Vliet, I. M., den Boer, J. A., & Westenberg, H. G. M. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244762 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Thollon, C., Cambarrat, C., Vian, J., Prost, J.-F. F., Peglion, J. L., & Vilaine, J. P. (1994) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13025.x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension with Erythropoietin
Hoeldtke, R. D., & Streeten, D. H. P. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199308263290904 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Radiofrequency catheter modification of the sinus node for “inappropriate” sinus tachycardia
Lee, R. J., Kalman, J. M., Fitzpatrick, A. P., Epstein, L. M., Fisher, W. G., Olgin, J. E., Lesh, M. D., & Scheinman, M. M. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.10.2919 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Recreational drug misuse: issues for the cardiologist
Ghuran, A., & Nolan, J. (2000) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.83.6.627 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of primary atrial tachycardias
Kay, G. N., Chong, F., Epstein, A. E., Dailey, S. M., & Plumb, V. J. (1993) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(93)90345-2 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Clinical Features and Follow-up Study
Sandroni, P., Opfer-Gehrking, T. L., McPhee, B. R., & Low, P. A. (1999) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/74.11.1106 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Alterations in cardiovascular structure and function with advancing age
Fleg, J. L. (1986) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)91025-8 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Streeten, D. H. P., Anderson, G. H., Richardson, R., & THOMAS, F. D. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Blocker State Dependence and Trapping in Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Channels
Shin, K. S., Rothberg, B. S., & Yellen, G. (2001) · The Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.117.2.91 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Cocaine Stimulates the Human Cardiovascular System via a Central Mechanism of Action
Vongpatanasin, W., Mansour, Y., Chavoshan, B., Arbique, D., & Victor, R. G. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.5.497 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Mintz, G. L., Pizzarello, R. A., & Klein, I. L. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-1-146 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
FOUAD, F. M., TADENA-THOME, L., BRAVO, E. L., & TARAZI, R. C. (1986) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-3-298 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Physical manoeuvres for combating orthostatic dizziness in autonomic failure
LIESHOUT, J. J. V., ten Harkel, A. D. J., & Wieling, W. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90932-s · Cited by 152 · see citing works
HARKEL, A. D. J. T., VAN LIESHOUT, J. J., & WIELING, W. (1992) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00563.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Narula, O. S. (1974) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.50.6.1114 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
KOSSMANN, C. E. (1953) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.8.6.920 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Orthostatic Intolerance in Adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Stewart, J. M., Gewitz, M. H., Weldon, A., Arlievsky, N., Li, K., & Munoz, J. (1999) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.103.1.116 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
van Lieshout, J. J., ten Harkel, A. D. J., & Wieling, W. (2000) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02291388 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of inappropriate sinus tachycardia guided by activation mapping
Man, K. C., Knight, B., Tse, H.-F., Pelosi, F., Michaud, G. F., Flemming, M., Strickberger, S. A., & Morady, F. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00546-x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Ouadid‐Ahidouch, H., Seguin, J. R., Dumuis, A., Bockaert, J., & Nargeot, J. (1992) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)08883-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Ragueneau, I., Laveille, C., Jochemsen, R., Resplandy, G., Funck‐Brentano, C., & Jaillon, P. (1998) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(98)90153-9 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Stewart, J. M. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000016348.55378.c4 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Idiopathic Orthostatic Intolerance and Postural Tachycardia Syndromes
Jacob, G., & Biaggioni, I. (1999) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-199902000-00003 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
van der Linden, G. J., Stein, D. J., & van Balkom, A. J. (2000) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-200008002-00004 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Operational definition of normal sinus heart rate
Spodick, D. H., RAJU, P. K., Bishop, R. L., & Rifkin, R. D. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)90947-w · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Costa, J. M. (1951) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(51)90038-1 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Sino-Atrial Reciprocation in the Isolated Rabbit Heart
Han, J., Malozzi, A. M., & Moe, G. K. (1968) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.22.3.355 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
A 5-HT4-like receptor in human right atrium
Kaumann, A. J., Sanders, L., Brown, A. M., Murray, K. J., & Brown, M. J. (1991) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00167212 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
<b>Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia</b>: Evaluation and Therapy
KRAHN, A. D., YEE, R., KLEIN, G. J., & MORILLO, C. (1995) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.1995.tb00391.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The mechanism of auricular paroxysmal tachycardia
Barker, P. S., Wilson, F. N., & Johnston, F. D. (1943) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(43)90147-4 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Tachycardia induced myocardial dysfunction. A reversible phenomenon?
McLaran, C. J., Gersh, B. J., SUGRUE, D. D., Hammill, S. C., Seward, J. B., & Holmes, D. R. (1985) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.53.3.323 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Rosen, S. G., & Cryer, P. E. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90559-9 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Hemodynamic effects of octreotide in patients with autonomic neuropathy.
Hoeldtke, R. D., Davis, K. M., Joseph, J., Gonzales, R., Panidis, I. P., & Friedman, A. C. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.84.1.168 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Stereospecific in vitro and in vivo effects of the new sinus node inhibitor (+)-S 16257
Thollon, C., Bidouard, J., Cambarrat, C., et al. (1997) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01364-2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Cirrhosis and hepatoma occurring at Boston city hospital (1917-1968)
Purtilo, D. T., & Gottlieb, L. S. (1973) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197308)32:2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Acetylcholine inhibits activation of the cardiac hyperpolarizing-activated current,i f
DiFrancesco, D., & Tromba, C. (1987) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00581906 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
HOELDTKE, R. D., & DAVIS, K. M. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-1-132 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
N-Allyl-derivative of clonidine, a substance with specific bradycardic action at a cardiac site
Kobinger, W., Lillie, C., & Pichler, L. (1979) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00507111 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
DiFrancesco, D. (1994) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00585943 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Gomes, J. A., Hariman, R. J., Kang, P. S., & Chowdry, I. H. (1985) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(85)80084-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Freitas, J., Santos, R., Azevedo, E., Costa, O., Carvalho, M., & Falcão de Freitas, A. (2000) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02281112 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Grubb, B. P., & Karas, B. J. (1998) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1023/a:1009792000490 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Asnis, G. M., Hameedi, F. A., Goddard, A. W., Potkin, S. G., Black, D. W., Jameel, M., Desagani, K., & Woods, S. W. (2001) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00265-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Abnormal Baroreflex Responses in Patients With Idiopathic Orthostatic Intolerance
Farquhar, W. B., Taylor, J. A., Darling, S. E., Chase, K. P., & Freeman, R. L. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.25.3086 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
MacLean, A. R., Allen, E. V., & Magath, T. B. (1944) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(44)90720-9 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sinus node re-entrant tachycardia in man
Weisfogel, G. M., Batsford, W. P., Paulay, K. L., Josephson, M. E., Ogunkelu, J. B., Akhtar, M., Seides, S. F., & Damato, A. N. (1975) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(75)90316-6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Splanchnic-mesenteric capacitance bed in the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Tani, H., Singer, W., McPhee, B. R., Opfer-Gehrking, T. L., Haruma, K., Kajiyama, G., & Low, P. A. (2000) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00205-8 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Normal sinus heart rate: Sinus tachycardia and sinus bradycardia redefined
Spodick, D. H. (1992) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(92)91012-p · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Catheter ablation of sinoatrial node reentrant tachycardia
Sanders, W. E., Sorrentino, R. A., Greenfield, R. A., Shenasa, H., Hamer, M. E., & Wharton, J. M. (1994) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(94)90639-4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sympathotonic orthostatic hypotension
Hoeldtke, R. D., Dworkin, G. E., Gaspar, S. R., & Israel, B. C. (1989) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.39.1.34 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A 5-HT4-like receptor in human left atrium
Sanders, L., & Kaumann, A. (1992) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00176614 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Refractory paroxysmal sinus tachycardia: Management by subtotal right atrial exclusion
Yee, R. K., Guiraudon, G. M., Gardner, M. J., Gulamhusein, S. S., & Klein, G. J. (1984) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80026-1 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cardiovascular actions of N-allyl-clonidine (ST 567), a substance with specific bradycardic action
Kobinger, W., Lillie, C., & Pichler, L. (1979) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(79)90005-0 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Orthostatic intolerance and orthostatic tachycardia: A heterogeneous disorder
Khurana, R. K. (1995) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf01845493 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Relationship Between Coronary Hemodynamic Changes and the Phasic Events of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Dickerson, L. W., Huang, A. H., Thumher, M. M., Nearing, B. D., & Verrier, R. L. (1993) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/16.6.550 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Grubb, B. P., Kanjwal, M. Y., & KOSINSKI, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1023/a:1009845521949 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Specific bradycardic agents--a novel pharmacological class?
Kobinger, W., & Lillie, C. (1987) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_l.7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Orthostatic Intolerance. A Historical Introduction to the Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Streeten, D. H. P. (1999) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40481-1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sinus Node Reentrant Tachycardia
Gomes, J. A., Mehta, D., & Langan, M.-N. S. (1995) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1995.tb04747.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Possible relationship between chronic fatigue and postural tachycardia syndromes
Lorenzo, F., Hargreaves, J., & Kakkar, V. V. (1996) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02556297 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
3-year follow-up of patients randomised in the metoprolol in dilated cardiomyopathy trial
Andersson, B. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79125-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Reflex vascular defects in the orthostatic tachycardia syndrome of adolescents
Stewart, J. M., & Weldon, A. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2025 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Survey of selected cardiologists for an operational definition of normal sinus heart rate
Spodick, D. H. (1993) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(93)91153-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Morbidity and Mortality in Cardiovascular Disorders: Impact of Reduced Heart Rate
Singh, B. N. (2001) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/107424840100600401 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Stein, D., Stein, M., Goodwin, W., Kumar, R., & Hunter, B. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100880 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Treatment of orthostatic tachycardia with erythropoietin
Hoeldtke, R. D., Horvath, G. G., & Bryner, K. D. (1995) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)80230-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
ICI D7288, a Novel Sinoatrial Node Modulator
Marshall, P. W., Rouse, W., Briggs, I., Hargreaves, R., Mills, S. D., & McLoughlin, B. J. (1993) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-199306000-00008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Stewart, J. M., & Weldon, A. (2001) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.112170 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The effects of adenosine on sinus node reentrant tachycardia
GRIFFITH, M. J., Garratt, C. J., Ward, D. E., & Camm, A. J. (1989) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960120712 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationOrthostatic Intolerance. A Historical Introduction to the Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Streeten, D. H. P. (1999) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-199902000-00002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Habib, G. B. (1997) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(97)80036-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sinus node re-entry and sinus node tachycardia
Pahlajani, D. B., Miller, R. A., & Serratto, M. (1975) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(75)90317-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for SinoatrialNode Reentrant Tachycardia
Goya, M., Iesaka, Y., Takahashi, A., Mitsuhashi, T., Yamane, T., Soejima, Y., Okamoto, Y., Gotoh, M., Tanaka, K., Nitta, J., et al. (1999) · Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition · doi:10.1253/jcj.63.177 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Surgical excision of the sinus node in a patient with inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Esmailzadeh, B., Bernat, R., Winkler, K., Meybehm, M., Pfeiffer, D., & Kirchhoff, P. G. (1997) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(97)70097-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Milner, M. R., Gelman, K. M., Phillips, R. A., Fuster, V., Davies, T. F., & Goldman, M. E. (1990) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1990.tb02556.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Clinical pharmacology of two specific bradycardic agents
Franke, H., Su, C. A. P. F., Schumacher, K., et al. (1987) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_l.91 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (1ST): management by radiofrequency modification of sinus node
Shenthar, J., SPARKS, P. B., & Vohra, J. (1997) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1997.tb02197.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evidence of an Intrinsic Sinus Node Abnormality in Patients With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Singer, W., Shen, W.-K., Opfer‐Gehrking, T. L., McPhee, B. R., Hilz, M. J., & Low, P. A. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.3.246 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kobinger, W., & Lillie, C. (1981) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(81)90270-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Falipamil (AQ‐A 39) and UL‐FS 49
Kobinger, W., & Lillie, C. (1988) · Cardiovascular Drug Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.1988.tb00371.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Waspe, L. E., Chien, W. W., Merillat, J. C., & STARK, S. I. (1994) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01525.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Alinidine, a new agent which lowers heart rate in patients with angina pectoris
Simoons, M. L., TUMMERS, J., Woezik, H. V. M.-V., et al. (1982) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061350 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Familial, Congenital Sinus Tachycardia.
WISING., P. J. (1941) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1941.tb18795.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Modulation by hyperpolarization-activated cationic currents of voltage responses in human rods
Kawai, F., Horiguchi, M., Suzuki, H., et al. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02531-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Alinidine pharmacokinetics following acute and chronic dosing.
Harron, D. W. G., Arndts, D., & Shanks, R. (1982) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01873.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mischke, K., Stellbrink, C., & HANRATH, P. (2001) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00264.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Use of verapamil to control an inappropriate chronic sinus tachycardia
Foster, M. C., & Levine, P. A. (1984) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.85.5.697 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Reiffei, J. A., Bigger, J. T., Ferrick, K. J., et al. (1985) · Journal of Electrocardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-0736(85)80050-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effect of twoβ-blockers on stress during mental arithmetic
Schweizer, R., Roth, W. T., & Elbert, T. R. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244383 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Veratramine, an Antagonist to the Cardioaccelerator Action of Epinephrine.
Krayer, O. (1949) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-70-17018 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dämmgen, J. W., Kadatz, R., & Diederen, W. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The effect of alinidine (St 567) on emotionally induced tachycardia in man
Aub�ck, J., Konzett, H., & Olbrich, E. (1982) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00542040 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Induction of sinus node reentry: Its relation to inhomogeneous atrial conduction
Ogawa, S., Dreifus, L. S., & Osmick, M. J. (1978) · Journal of Electrocardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-0736(78)80099-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Comparison of bisoprolol and diazepam in the treatment of cardiac neurosis
Fogari, R., Zoppi, A., Corradi, L., et al. (1992) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf00051146 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Senges, J., Rizos, I., Brachmann, J., et al. (1983) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/17.3.132 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sato, T., Mitamura, H., Murata, M., Shinagawa, K., Miyoshi, S., Kanki, H., Takatsuki, S., Soejima, K., Miyazaki, T., & Ogawa, S. (2000) · Journal of Electrocardiology · doi:10.1054/jelc.2000.9648 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Reversible sympathetic vasomotor dysfunction in POTS patients.
Freitas, J. P., Santos, R. V., Azevedo, E. I., Costa, O., de Carvalho, M. H. C., & de Freitas, A. F. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nicholls, D., Harron, D., & Shanks, R. (1983) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01458.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The clinical pharmacology of alinidine and its side-effects
Shanks, R. G. (1987) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_l.83 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
[A double blind trial : oxprenolol/diazepam (author's transl)].
Scharbach, H. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cruz, F. E. S., Maia, I. G., Fagundes, M., Boghossian, S. H. C., & Ribeiro, J. C. (1998) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x1998000300006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Katritsis, D. G., Boriani, G., Cosio, F. G., Hindricks, G., Jaïs, P., Josephson, M. E., Keegan, R., Kim, Y.-H., Knight, B. P., Kuck, K.-H., et al. (2017) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw301 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
HCN Channels Modulators: The Need for Selectivity
Novella Romanelli, M., Sartiani, L., Masi, A., Mannaioni, G., Manetti, D., Mugelli, A., & Cerbai, E. (2016) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026616999160315130832 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
A case of cardiomyopathy induced by inappropriate sinus tachycardia and cured by ivabradine
WINUM, P., CAYLA, G., RUBINI, M., BECK, L., & MESSNER‐PELLENC, P. (2009) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02414.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
BENEZET‐MAZUECOS, J., RUBIO, J. M., FARRÉ, J., QUIÑONES, M. Á., SANCHEZ‐BORQUE, P., & MACÍA, E. (2013) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.12118 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Romeo, E., Grimaldi, N., Sarubbi, B., D’Alto, M., Santarpia, G., Scognamiglio, G., Russo, M. G., & Calabrò, R. (2011) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-011-9964-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
What’s so inappropriate about sinus tachycardia?
OLSHANSKY, B. (2008) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01179.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yusuf, S., & Camm, A. J.
- Affiliations
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- Camm, A. John
- Venue
- Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 89-105
- ISSN
- 1074-2484 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-4034
- OpenAlex
- W2162354003
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- inappropriate sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, mechanism of action, differential diagnosis, arrhythmia management
- MeSH terms
- Ivabradine, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Benzazepines, Calcium Channel Blockers, Clonidine, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Phthalimides, Pyrimidines, Sinoatrial Node, Tachycardia, Sinus, Vasodilator Agents, Verapamil, Isoindoles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review