Birth Control Conspiracy Beliefs, Perceived Discrimination, and Contraception among African Americans: An Exploratory Study
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey to explore the relationship of birth control conspiracy beliefs and perceived discrimination to contraceptive attitudes and behavior among a sample of African Americans (aged 18-45) in the USA (N = 71). Results indicated that a large percentage of respondents perceived discrimination targeted at African American women and endorsed birth control conspiracy beliefs, and that a significant proportion of female respondents perceived discrimination when getting family planning or contraceptive services. Stronger conspiracy beliefs and greater perceived discrimination were associated with negative attitudes toward contraceptive methods, particularly birth control pills, and with contraceptive behavior and intentions. Our findings suggest that conspiracy beliefs and perceived discrimination may play an important role in African Americans' attitudes toward and use of contraceptive methods.
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Endorsement of conspiracy theories about birth control and HIV/AIDS amongst African Americans is associated with negative attitudes towards contraceptive behaviors.
“Endorsement of these conspiracy theories amongst African Americans has been found to be associated with negative attitudes towards contraceptive behaviors, which may potentially expose people to the risk of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted illnesses [23], [24], [25].”
From The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination Intentions (2014) · cites this paper as [23]
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The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination Intentions
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“We wanted to determine whether social determinants of health predict transplant outcomes, as has been found for health behaviors and outcomes in other diseases.(35-44) With a few exceptions,(45-50) little work has focused on transplantation, and what has been done was limited by small sample sizes, crosssectional desi…”
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“Lisa Callegari is supported by a VA Health Services Research and Development Career Development Award (14-412).”
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Rouse-Amett, M., Dilworth, J. E. L., & Stephens, D. P. (2006) · Journal of Feminist Family Therapy · doi:10.1300/j086v17n02_01 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…perceived discrimination has been associated with a variety of health-related outcomes, such as delay in help seeking, anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues (Bird & Bogart, 2003; Bird, Bogart, & Delahanty, 2004; Bogart, 2001; Lillie-Blanton, Brodie, Rowland, & Scherzer, 2000).”
BackgroundSexual Health and Multiple Forms of Discrimination Among Heterosexual Youth
Grollman, E. A. (2016) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spw031 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Celia, G., Lausi, G., Girelli, L., Cavicchiolo, E., Limone, P., Giannini, A. M., & Cozzolino, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.939615 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“For example, one-third of Black women in the United States who responded to a telephone survey agreed that the government was using poor women as guinea pigs to develop contraceptive methods (Thorburn Bird and Bogart 2003).”
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Do you trust the rumors? Examining the determinants of health‐related misinformation in India
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A Review of COVID-19 Pandemic: Myths, Misconceptions, and Role of Media Education in Nigeria
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Use of Preferred Source of Contraception Among Users of the Pill, Patch, and Ring in the US
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Call it a conspiracy: How conspiracy belief predicts recognition of conspiracy theories
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“In addition, respondents who indicated they had ever discussed contraception with a healthcare provider were asked whether they had ever experienced nine types of discrimination due to race, ancestry, or national origin in family planning settings [60].”
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GENERAL GYNECOLOGY Disparities in family planning
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MISSING CASES: AN EVALUATION OF ABORTION UNDERREPORTING IN ADD HEALTH
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Do you trust the rumors? Examining the determinants of health-related misinformation in India.Preprint
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Conspiracy Theory Communication and Its Effects
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Luke, A. A., Gómez, A. M., Bennett, A. H., Livingston, M. D., Sales, J. M., Redd, S. K., & Rice, W. S. (2026) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-026-02289-x
“This measure was adapted by Thorburn Bird and Bogart from the Everyday Discrimination Scale developed by Williams, Yu, Jackson, and Anderson [28, 32, 33].”
Rehbein, E., Monte, G., Muellers, K., Williams, D., Egodigwe, C.-C., Lobel, M., & Rosenthal, L. (2026) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-026-01662-1
“…provider involvement, and this tendency is especially pronounced among Women with lower sexual relationship power (e.g., decision-making power over condom use), which significantly impacts their sexual well-being (e.g., Oakley et al., 2018; Rosenthal & Lobel, 2020; Thorburn Bird & Bogart, 2003).”
- Authors
- Thorburn Bird, S., & Bogart, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Public Health, Oregon State University, USA,
- Kent State University (US)
- ORCID
- Bogart, Laura M.
- Venue
- Journal of Health Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 263-276
- ISSN
- 1359-1053 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7277
- OpenAlex
- W2079703320
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- perceived discrimination, contraceptive attitudes, contraceptive behavior, African American women, family planning services, oral contraceptives, conspiracy theories
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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