The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 41 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health
Open accessAbstract
We present a vision of clinical science, based on a conceptual framework of intervention development endorsed by the Delaware Project. This framework is grounded in an updated stage model that incorporates basic science questions of mechanisms into every stage of clinical science research. The vision presented is intended to unify various aspects of clinical science toward the common goal of developing maximally potent and implementable interventions, while unveiling new avenues of science in which basic and applied goals are of equally high importance. Training in this integrated, translational model may help students learn how to conduct research in every domain of clinical science and at each stage of intervention development. This vision aims to propel the field to fulfill the public health goal of producing implementable and effective treatment and prevention interventions.
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Claims the paper makes
48 Own interpretation · 27 Not checked yet · 15 No basis given
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several factors converge to create this widely acknowledged science-to-service gap, or what Weisz et al. (Weisz, Jensen-Doss, & Hawley, 2006; Weisz, Ng, & Bearman, 2014) call the implementation cliff.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Weisz, Jensen-Doss, & Hawley, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Weisz, Ng, & Bearman, 2014
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the absence of better understanding of how interventions work, efforts to adapt interventions (e.g., dose reduction), a common practice in community settings, may render the interventions devoid of their original efficacy.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Another example is the computerized attention modification program that directly targets cognitive biases operating in the most prevalent mood disorders (Amir & Taylor, 2012).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the Interventions: Adapting Square Pegs to Fit Into Round Holes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Amir & Taylor, 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It is not reasonable to expect that a positive efficacy study will automatically or even usually lead to a positive effectiveness study (Flay, 1986).”
- Also stated in: § Concluding Remarks · hedged
“They need to expect that successful research setting–based efficacy trials are not likely to directly result in successful effectiveness trials”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage III
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Flay, 1986
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Concluding Remarks · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For such testing to occur, the intervention will likely need to be further developed or “adapted” for community providers.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Efficacy Testing in the Real-World Settings
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Immediately and directly proceeding from Stage II to Stage III is not a typical path within the stage model.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage III
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We argue that an understanding of change mechanisms is often critical for developing the most effective interventions that can be scaled up and trimmed down.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adapting the intervention in response to practical constraints is an inherently risky endeavor: The intervention may or may not retain the elements that make it work.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the Interventions: Adapting Square Pegs to Fit Into Round Holes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Moreover, community providers’ motivation and comfort level with empirically supported treatments is lower than that of research therapists (Stewart, Chambless, & Baron, 2012).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stewart, Chambless, & Baron, 2012
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Often, community practitioners modify the intervention, including those participating in effectiveness studies of science-based interventions (Stewart, Stirman, & Chambless, 2012).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the Interventions: Adapting Square Pegs to Fit Into Round Holes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stewart, Stirman, & Chambless, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 24
- Probably not a substantial claim. 36
In the paper
“Although efficacious behavioral treatments for many mental disorders exist, patients who seek treatment in community settings rarely receive them (Institute of Medicine, 2006).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Institute of Medicine, 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite these frequent calls for studying change mechanisms in intervention development research, many clinical scientists are not yet taking this approach.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research therapists tend to be committed to the therapy they are administering and to the research process, and they are directly incentivized to implement treatments with skill and fidelity.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, in a study of clinical psychologists’ use of exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder, only 17% of therapists reported using the evidence-based treatment, and 72% reported a lack of comfort with exposure therapy (Becker, Zayfert, & Anderson, 2004).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Becker, Zayfert, & Anderson, 2004
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As it turns out, nobody takes charge, and the cycle continues.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Another particularly unfortunate barrier is that empirically supported therapies are not always preferentially reimbursed, whereas some interventions that have been shown to be ineffective or worse (e.g., repeated inpatient detoxification without aftercare) continue to be reimbursed (Humphreys & McLellan, 2012).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the System
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Humphreys & McLellan, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We suggest that the development of potent and implementable behavioral interventions could be revolutionized if the field were unified around fundamental mechanisms of behavior change and if all types of clinical scientists were trained to address mechanism of action of behavioral interventions at every stage of the intervention development process.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, implementation of such treatments may require fundamental changes in the training and ongoing supervision of community-based clinicians (Carroll & Rounsaville, 2007), smaller numbers of patients assigned to each clinician, and increased time allotted per patient.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the System
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Carroll & Rounsaville, 2007
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, when clinical scientists uncover essential mechanisms of action, they may be able to package the intervention in a way that is highly implementable.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the Interventions: Adapting Square Pegs to Fit Into Round Holes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Direct supervision, via review of clinicians’ levels of fidelity and skill in delivering evidence-based practice, is rarely provided in community-based settings and is also not reimbursed or otherwise incentivized (Olmstead et al., 2012; Schoenwald, Mehta, Frazier, & Shernoff, 2013).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Olmstead et al., 2012
- Not checked yetcites Schoenwald, Mehta, Frazier, & Shernoff, 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Such alterations typically involve delivering the intervention in far fewer sessions, in group versus individual format, and other shortcuts that could diminish potency.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the Interventions: Adapting Square Pegs to Fit Into Round Holes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stewart, Stirman, & Chambless, 2012
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the need for students to acquire a more integrative vision of the entire field, to see themselves as part of it, and to understand how to interact with scientists in other parts of the clinical science system is critical for clinical science to flourish in the long term, and to achieve its rich potential for exerting a positive impact on public health.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What About Training of Clinical Scientists?
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Most clinical researchers were not trained in an integrative outlook and are too embedded in current clinical research pressures to change quickly.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is a clear disconnect between efficacy research that values internal validity and effectiveness research that prioritizes external validity at the expense of internal validity.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“a need has been identified for research between traditional efficacy and effectiveness research (Carroll & Rounsaville, 2007; Weisz et al., 2013).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage III
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Carroll & Rounsaville, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Weisz et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers from the most basic realm of clinical science to the most applied realm of intervention development not only can help each other, but also can help themselves by opening up new avenues of research pursuits, and asking and answering new research questions—all while fostering the public health.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What About Training of Clinical Scientists?
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A successful Stage III trial shows that it is possible to deliver faithfully an intervention in the community, and that the intervention retains efficacy.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage IV
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Understanding mechanism could help to clarify scientifically based principles of interventions, and imparting these principles may help practitioners deliver interventions with a higher level of fidelity than requiring a strict adherence to intervention manuals.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There have been numerous calls for research on mechanisms of change.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We suggest that a major reason for the relative lack of attention to mechanisms in prior research may be an unfortunate consequence of largely disconnected areas of clinical science.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, basic science questions and relevant research paradigms should not be limited to research that occurs prior to intervention development; they are integral to the entire behavioral intervention development process.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although relevant to intervention development, not all D&I research looks at the intervention per se, except as something to be adopted by the system.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage V
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Indeed, one recent announcement, “Use-Oriented Basic Research: Change Mechanisms of Behavioral Social Interventions” (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-12-119.html), called for research to study putative mechanisms of action of behavioral, with the ultimate goal of simplifying and creating more implementable interventions.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-12-119.html
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Generally speaking, dissemination and implementation (D&I) research focuses at least as much if not more on the service delivery system as opposed to the intervention itself.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage V
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, clinical scientists are not usually the conveyers of such modifications, nor do they always have the tools necessary to retain effective intervention ingredients while guiding adaptation efforts.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Changing the Interventions: Adapting Square Pegs to Fit Into Round Holes
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Simplification of interventions could help with training, cost, and transportability.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A meta-level problem is that these problems fall between scientific cracks.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What Are the Problems and Who Should Fix Them?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Questions regarding mechanisms of disorders and mechanisms of change are conceptually similar to questions asked within basic behavioral science.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Possible Solutions > Identifying Mechanisms of Change
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This does not imply, however, that interventions at this stage are exempt from the desiderata regarding mechanism that are discussed in previous sections: It is important to understand how implementation strategies work.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage V
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A common language fosters a progressive discipline, creating the groundwork to solve public health problems.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This common language facilitates research grant proposal writing and review, ultimately leading to a more coherent, efficient, and progressive science.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Training students to use the stage model as a heuristic can help to foster all of these goals.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > What About Training of Clinical Scientists?
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The vision presented here demands that clinical scientists understand and train their students to understand that intervention development is far from complete when an intervention shows efficacy in Stage II.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Complex treatments delivered with high fidelity in research settings by research therapists tend to lose strength when delivered in community settings by community providers.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A new vision for clinical science is, in a sense, equivalent to a new vision for intervention development, in that the ultimate goal of both is interventions that promote the physical and mental health of individuals.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, defining a stage in between efficacy and effectiveness, where interventions can be tested with high internal validity, with research therapists in research settings, draws attention to the importance of this stage of intervention development, and also provides more clarity when the words efficacy and effectiveness are used.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, defining treatment generation and refinement helped to legitimize this necessary part of behavioral treatment research.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the ultimate goal may be applied, basic science is an integral part of that goal because basic and all types of applied clinical scientists are necessary to fully achieve it.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stage 0 can precede and provide the basis for the generation of a new intervention, or the modification of an existing one.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage 0
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Basic science plays a major role in intervention development.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With a common language, the (oftentimes) missing link of Stage III defined, and a mind-set that includes an appreciation of basic science and implementability within intervention development, we expect to replace the merry-go-round of efficacy and effectiveness trials that go nowhere with a map that leads toward implementation of effective interventions.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Basic science divorced from applied science can yield fascinating findings, but if basic science can inform and be informed by applied clinical science, the field can expand and can help solve public health problems, and be noticed for doing so.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Training the next generation of clinical scientists to embrace this new vision could mean a new generation of powerful and implementable interventions for the public health.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It may be more complex to incorporate Stage 0 (basic science) into Stage IV than into Stages I to III, but there may be methods for doing so (Collins, Dziak, & Li, 2009; Doss & Atkins, 2006).”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage IV
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Collins, Dziak, & Li, 2009
- Not checked yetcites Doss & Atkins, 2006
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As discussed earlier, we believe that understanding the basic principles of behavior change for an intervention will fuel every stage of intervention development and will facilitate the creation of ever more potent and implementable interventions.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage 0
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Basic science plays a major role in intervention development.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Questions will still arise if the field is integrated, but the science will be better positioned to coherently progress.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, a Stage II study can provide an ideal opportunity to experimentally manipulate and test mechanisms.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage II
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, defining the stages creates a common language through which behavioral intervention development can be discussed across clinical, academic, and research settings.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, without an understanding of mechanisms, endless questions can arise when clinical trials fail (e.g., questions about appropriateness of design, delivery, fidelity, population, providers, etc.) and even when they succeed”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“defining stages of behavioral intervention development highlights the value and frequent necessity of a particular type of research endeavor.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If an intervention is not implementable in the community, there is more work to be done—even if that work ends up showing that there is no conceivable way currently to change the intervention into a more implementable form.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > Concluding Remarks
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Complex treatments delivered with high fidelity in research settings by research therapists tend to lose strength when delivered in community settings by community providers.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So even though the stages of behavioral intervention development do not always—or even usually—occur in a prescribed order, and even though it is not always—or even usually—necessary to progress through every stage, it facilitates communication and helps clarify research activities and necessary next steps when the stages of intervention development research are defined.”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Complex treatments delivered with high fidelity in research settings by research therapists tend to lose strength when delivered in community settings by community providers.
“Complex treatments administered with a high degree of fidelity in research settings with research therapists seem destined to weaken when implemented in community settings with community providers.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most clinical researchers were not trained in an integrative outlook and are too embedded in current clinical research pressures to change quickly.
“Realistically, the large majority of clinical researchers, sympathetic as they may be to this sort of integrative vision, were not trained in this kind of outlook and are far too ensconced in the intense pressure of contemporary clinical research to change rapidly.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Clinical science training currently produces excellent basic scientists, intervention developers and testers, effectiveness researchers, and implementation scientists.
“Moreover, clinical science training now produces excellent basic scientists, intervention generators and testers, effectiveness researchers, and implementation scientists.”
The paper relies on this without support.
It is generally considered necessary to demonstrate that an intervention is effective before moving to implementation and dissemination in real-world settings.
“It is generally considered necessary to show that an intervention is effective before proceeding to implementation and dissemination in the real world.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Basic science plays a major role in intervention development.
“Basic science, considered to be Stage 0, plays a major role in intervention development.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It is recommended to conduct a pilot trial before the real RCT to assess feasibility and improve the quality of the real RCT [20–22].”
From A pilot randomised trial comparing a mindfulness-based stress reduction course, a locally-developed stress reduction intervention and a waiting list control group in a real-life municipal health care setting (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Conversely, community healthcare providers face real-world practical constraints and limited resources, which means they adapt treatment manuals to their service needs or broaden the population to which the intervention is applied (Onken et al. 2014).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Real-World Healthcare Services (2020) · cites this paper as Onken et al. 2014
In the citing paper
“As a program of research matures (e.g., moves through the stages of intervention development)11,39,40, increasingly rigorous and theoretically therapeutic control conditions may be warranted, both for ethical (e.g., beneficence and non-maleficence)53 and scientific reasons (i.e., determining how a novel treatment compares with established treatments).”
From Selecting and describing control conditions in mobile health randomized controlled trials: a proposed typology (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“There is no single control condition that is appropriate for every study at every stage of the research process11,12,39.”
From Selecting and describing control conditions in mobile health randomized controlled trials: a proposed typology (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“In early stages of research39,40, No Treatment controls may be very appropriate in order to evaluate intervention effects beyond the passage of time and related confounds (e.g., regression to the mean)41.”
From Selecting and describing control conditions in mobile health randomized controlled trials: a proposed typology (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model
“defining a stage in between efficacy and effectiveness, where interventions can be tested with high internal validity, with research therapists in research settings”
§ Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health > NIH Stage Model > Stage III
“This new vision of intervention development includes an additional stage, Stage III, of research where an intervention is tested in a well-controlled, internally valid study in a community setting with community therapists/providers”
Citations
Cites
Damschroder, L. J., Aron, D. C., Keith, R. E., Kirsh, S. R., Alexander, J. A., & Lowery, J. C. (2009) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-4-50 · Cited by 14,496 · cited 2×
“Any one of these systemic barriers could be difficult to change, and a synthesis of the literature suggests that successful implementation necessitates a sustained, multilevel approach (Damschroder et al., 2009; Fairburn & Wilson, 2013; Fixsen et al., 2005), requiring that multiple barriers be addressed simultaneously…”
(2005) · Cited by 3,748
Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-126 · Cited by 3,053 · cited 1×
“…exhibit considerable heterogeneity (British Psychological Society, 2011; Frances, 2009a, 2009b), our understanding of the basic processes of psychopathology that should be addressed in targeted treatments has substantially increased (T. A. Brown & Barlow, 2009; Cuthbert & Insel, 2013; Insel, 2012).”
Self-citationMediators and Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy Research
Kazdin, A. E. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432 · Cited by 2,504 · cited 2×
“Despite substantial advances in the understanding of neurobiological, behavioral, and psychological mechanisms of disorders, these understandings are not sufficiently linked to mechanisms of action in intervention development research (Kazdin, 2007; Murphy, Cooper, Hollon, & Fairburn, 2009).”
Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence
Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.685 · Cited by 2,097
Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation
Tierney, W. G., Stokes, D., & Abbott, A. J. (2005) · Academe · doi:10.2307/40253438 · Cited by 2,078
Proctor, E. K., Landsverk, J., Aarons, G., Chambers, D., Glisson, C., & Mittman, B. (2009) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-008-0197-4 · Cited by 1,894 · cited 1×
“Finally, consider the implementation scientists (e.g., Proctor et al., 2009).”
Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. C. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.8.1261 · Cited by 1,836
The effects of psychotherapy: an evaluation.
Eysenck, H. J. (1952) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0063633 · Cited by 1,734
Kazdin, A. E. (2008) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.63.3.146 · Cited by 1,112 · cited 1×
“As Kazdin (2008) pointed out, “There are many reasons to study mechanisms, but one in particular will help clinical work and patient care” (p. 152).”
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Institute of Medicine, 2006, Improving the quality of health care for mental and substance-use conditions: Quality chasm series
- Kringlen E., 1970, Seminars in Psychiatry, 2, 403
- McFall R. M., 2007, Psychological clinical science: Recent advances in theory and practice. Integrative perspectives in honor of Richard M. McFall, 363
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., et al. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617709589 · Cited by 1,506
“Dimidjian and Segal (2015) estimate, using the NIH stage model for clinical science (Onken, Carroll, Shoham, Cuthbert, & Riddle, 2014), that only 30% of research using mind-fulness-based interventions (MBIs) has moved beyond Stage 1 (intervention generation/refinement).”
What defines mindfulness-based programs? The warp and the weft
Crane, R. S., Brewer, J., Feldman, C., Kabat-Zinn, J., Santorelli, S., Williams, J. M. G., & Kuyken, W. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716003317 · Cited by 868
“In this editorial we focus on a critical underpinning issue throughout the Stage Model – namely the fi delity/integrity of the intervention itself.”
Carey, R., Bohlen, L. C., Johnston, M., Rothman, A. J., de Bruin, M., Kelly, M. P., & Michie, S. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay078 · Cited by 743
“…their effects, through identification of the links between behavior change techniques (BCTs) and the MoAs they target, Susan Michie s.michie@ucl.ac.uk would enable us to (i) design interventions that include components more likely to be effective [6] and (ii) better explain intervention effects.”
BackgroundNielsen, L., Riddle, M., King, J. W., Aklin, W. M., Chen, W., Clark, D., Collier, E., Czajkowski, S., Esposito, L., Ferrer, R., et al. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.07.002 · Cited by 446
Self-citationMediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis
Rockwood, N., & Hayes, A. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316995808.037 · Cited by 479
Health Behavior Change: Moving from Observation to Intervention
Sheeran, P., Klein, W. M. P., & Rothman, A. J. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044007 · Cited by 481
Mohr, D. C., Lyon, A. R., Lattie, E. G., Reddy, M., & Schueller, S. M. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7725 · Cited by 432
“These five phases are (1) intervention generation and refinement, (2) efficacy in research clinics, (3) efficacy in community settings, (4) effectiveness, and (5) implementation [24,25].”
Bartlett, L., Martin, A., Neil, A. L., Memish, K., Otahal, P., Kilpatrick, M., & Sanderson, K. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000146 · Cited by 426
Prospects for a clinical science of mindfulness-based intervention
Dimidjian, S., & Segal, Z. V. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039589 · Cited by 291
Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2018) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-018-0115-3 · Cited by 300
“At this juncture in the development of the field, additional Stage III and IV clinical trials (for a review of the NIH Stage Model, see [71]) are needed to replicate these promising findings via gold-standard research design features including the use of active control conditions, detailed fidelity monitoring procedur…”
Improving Methodological Standards in Behavioral Interventions for Cognitive Enhancement
Green, C. S., Bavelier, D., Kramer, A. F., Vinogradov, S., Ulrich Ansorge, A., Ball, K., Bingel, U., Chein, J. M., Colzato, L. S., Edwards, J. D., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-018-0115-y · Cited by 257
“…model proposed by the NIH discusses the need for studies that target implementation and dissemination (i.e., determining what steps and/or procedures are most useful in ensuring that scientifically validated interventions come into common use among real-world practitioners; Onken et al. 2014).”
BackgroundEisman, A. B., Kilbourne, A. M., Dopp, A. R., Saldana, L., & Eisenberg, D. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.008 · Cited by 210
Harvey, A. G., & Gumport, N. B. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.02.004 · Cited by 221
“This research on MATCH and CALM represents an encouraging ‘new wave’ of Stage 3 and 4 studies, as defined by the Onken et al. (2014) Stage Model of Treatment Development.”
MethodCarroll, K. M., & Kiluk, B. D. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000311 · Cited by 227
Self-citationRawson, T. M., Moore, L. S. P., Hernandez, B., Charani, E., Castro‐Sánchez, E., Herrero, P., Hayhoe, B. W. J., Hope, W. W., Georgiou, P., & Holmes, A. H. (2017) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2017.02.028 · Cited by 190
“Development[22] and the Medical Research Council’s Developing and Evaluating complex”
Applying mixed methods to pilot feasibility studies to inform intervention trials
Aschbrenner, K. A., Kruse, G. R., Gallo, J. J., & Clark, V. L. P. (2022) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01178-x · Cited by 188
“Background Intervention research in the health sciences encompasses the procedures used to develop, refine, and test the efficacy and effectiveness of an intervention on a clinical outcome [1, 2].”
Systematic review of social media interventions for smoking cessation
Naslund, J. A., Kim, S. J., Aschbrenner, K. A., McCulloch, L. J., Brunette, M. F., Dallery, J., Bartels, S. J., & Marsch, L. A. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.002 · Cited by 203
Li, W., Garland, E. L., McGovern, P., O’Brien, J. E., Tronnier, C. D., & Howard, M. O. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000269 · Cited by 204
Nápoles, A. M., & Stewart, A. L. (2018) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3521-z · Cited by 163
Loucks, E. B., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Britton, W. B., Fresco, D. M., Desbordes, G., Brewer, J. A., & Fulwiler, C. (2015) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-015-0668-7 · Cited by 158
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of insomnia and depression in adolescents: A pilot randomized trial
Clarke, G. N., McGlinchey, E. L., Hein, K., Gullion, C. M., Dickerson, J. F., Leo, M. C., & Harvey, A. G. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.009 · Cited by 158
El Morr, C., Ritvo, P., Ahmad, F., Moineddin, R., & MVC Team (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/18595 · Cited by 145
“Our study is currently at stage 2 of the National Institute of Health stage model [39].”
A pragmatic randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation for depressed pregnant women.
Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S. H., Sherwood, N. E., Simon, G. E., Ludman, E. J., Gallop, R., Welch, S. S., Boggs, J. M., Metcalf, C. A., Hubley, S. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000151 · Cited by 145
“Although the efficacy of BA is well established, the effectiveness of BA in routine care settings has not been widely examined, which is a critical step in maximizing public health relevance according to the National Institute of Health Stage Model (Onken, Carroll, Shoham, Cuthbert, & Riddle, 2014).”
Wearable devices and smartphones for activity tracking among people with serious mental illness
Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., & Bartels, S. J. (2016) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2016.02.001 · Cited by 139
“The sequential steps used to refine and evaluate the use of wearable devices and smartphones for activity tracking among people with serious mental illness align closely with recent emphasis at the NIH on adopting an iterative approach to intervention development and evaluation, especially in the context of emerging m…”
Vivanti, G., Kasari, C. L., Green, J., Mandell, D. S., Maye, M. P., & Hudry, K. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1900 · Cited by 143
“, 2013], theory-driven efforts to understand how interventions work are critical to our capacity to adapt, optimize, and customize interventions without diluting their active ingredients [Onken et al., 2014].”
The care planning umbrella: The evolution of advance care planning
Hickman, S. E., Lum, H. D., Walling, A. M., Savoy, A., & Sudore, R. L. (2023) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18287 · Cited by 147
“32 35 The recently updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is a well-established framework for implementing evidence-based interventions in real-world settings.”
Lebares, C. C., Guvva, E. V., Olaru, M., Sugrue, L. P., Staffaroni, A. M., Delucchi, K. L., Kramer, J. H., Ascher, N. L., & Harris, H. W. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4108 · Cited by 131
Kelly, A., & Garland, E. L. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22273 · Cited by 143
Beets, M. W., von Klinggraeff, L., Weaver, R. G., Armstrong, B., & Burkart, S. A. (2021) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00909-w · Cited by 111
“As described in translational science frameworks [13, 14], as an intervention moves progressively across the “ maturity continuum ” , there is a need to demonstrate that an intervention can be conducted (i.e., implemented) and shows promise for impacting one or more primary and/or secondary…”
InfluentialHodge, L. M., & Turner, K. M. T. (2016) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12082 · Cited by 120
Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000289 · Cited by 119
Zimmerman, M. A., Eisman, A. B., Reischl, T. M., Morrel‐Samuels, S., Stoddard, S. A., Miller, A. L., Hutchison, P., Franzen, S. P., & Rupp, L. A. (2017) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198117710491 · Cited by 117
Vicarious traumatization among child welfare and child protection professionals: A systematic review
Molnar, B. E., Meeker, S. A., Manners, K., Tieszen, L., Kalergis, K. I., Fine, J. E., Hallinan, S., Wolfe, J., & Wells, M. K. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104679 · Cited by 115
Mindfulness-Based Programs: Why, When, and How to Adapt?
Loucks, E. B., Crane, R. S., Sanghvi, M. A., Montero‐Marín, J., Proulx, J. A., Brewer, J. A., & Kuyken, W. (2022) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/21649561211068805 · Cited by 116
Nazarova, V. A., Sokolov, A. V., Chubarev, V. N., Tarasov, V. V., & Schiöth, H. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1066988 · Cited by 111
“For example, NIH proposes to classify behavioral therapy trials based on the setting of a trial, starting from basic science in the research setting and finishing with trials in community settings (Onken et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBritton, W. B., Davis, J. H., Loucks, E. B., Peterson, B., Cullen, B. H., Reuter, L., Rando, A., Rahrig, H., Lipsky, J., & Lindahl, J. R. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.010 · Cited by 100
Querstret, D., Cropley, M., & Fife-Schaw, C. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0925-0 · Cited by 103
“Similarly, in the National Institutes Health Stage Model (Onken et al. 2014), a sixstage progressive model is proposed in the development of behavioural therapies.”
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Real-World Healthcare Services
Tickell, A., Ball, S., Bernard, P., Kuyken, W., Marx, R., Pack, S., Strauss, C., Sweeney, T., & Crane, C. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1087-9 · Cited by 99
Kechter, A., Amaro, H., & Black, D. S. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0974-4 · Cited by 102
“We believe our tool can be used by MBI investigators regardless of study design or study phase in order to develop, monitor, and evaluate treatment fidelity (Onken et al. 2014).”
MethodLindau, S. T., Makelarski, J. A., Abramsohn, E., Beiser, D. G., Boyd, K., Chou, C., Giurcanu, M. C., Huang, E. S., Liao, C., Schumm, L. P., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304905 · Cited by 99
“understand how and why these interventions work.(16)”
Roberts, A., Davenport, T. A., Wong, T., Moon, H.-W., Hickie, I. B., & LaMonica, H. M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100379 · Cited by 99
“…to the development and implementation of interventions rely on a linear approach, including basic science, intervention creation or adaptation, efficacy testing in both research and clinical settings, effectiveness research in community settings, and finally dissemination (Onken et al., 2014).”
Mak, W. W., Chio, F. H., Chan, A. T., Lui, W. W., & Wu, E. K. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6737 · Cited by 94
“One size does not fit all; we need myriad approaches of varying dosage and penetration rates to reach a wider population in order to prevent the tremendous mental illness burden [61,62].”
Advance Care Planning Video Intervention Among Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents
Mitchell, S. L., Volandes, A. E., Gutman, R., Gozalo, P. L., Ogarek, J. A., Loomer, L., McCreedy, E. M., Zhai, R., & Mor, V. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2366 · Cited by 85
Ritvo, P., Ahmad, F., El Morr, C., Pirbaglou, M., Moineddin, R., & MVC Team (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/23491 · Cited by 75
“This study can be characterized as being at stage 2 of the National Institute of Health stage model [37], progressing from a pilot study during which the entire platform was tested.”
Britton, W. B., Desbordes, G., Acabchuk, R. L., Peters, S., Lindahl, J. R., Canby, N. K., Vago, D. R., Dumais, T., Lipsky, J., Kimmel, H. J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730972 · Cited by 82
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Hinton, L., Tran, D., Nguyen, T.-N., Ho, J., & Gitlin, L. (2019) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001830 · Cited by 82
Intervention Integrity in Mindfulness-Based Research
Crane, R. S., & Hecht, F. M. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0886-3 · Cited by 75
Matis, J., Svetlak, M., Slezackova, A., Svoboda, M., & Šumec, R. (2020) · doi:10.2196/preprints.20709 · Cited by 81
Beavers, K. M., Ambrosius, W. T., Rejeski, W. J., Burdette, J. H., Walkup, M. P., Sheedy, J. L., Nesbit, B. A., Gaukstern, J. E., Nicklas, B. J., & Marsh, A. P. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21977 · Cited by 96
“Moreover, because the intervention was accomplished in a community setting, results are highly translatable and align with the recent National Institutes of Health vision of effectively disseminated clinical intervention research (39).”
Goldberg, S. B., Sun, S., Carlbring, P., & Torous, J. (2023) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00923-7 · Cited by 75
Learmonth, Y. C., & Motl, R. W. (2017) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-017-0145-8 · Cited by 79
“Stage I data is important to the advancement of stage II and stage III, while data from stage II to V can inform stage I for further refinement of the intervention [19].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThinking Health-related Behaviors in a Climate Change Context: A Narrative Review
Chevance, G., Fresán, U., Hekler, E. B., Edmondson, D. E., Lloyd, S. J., Ballester, J., Litt, J., Cvijanović, I., Araújo‐Soares, V., & Bernard, P. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac039 · Cited by 86
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“Consistent with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stage Model for behavioral intervention development this small-scale feasibility study was a first step in treatment generation and refinement [23].”
Bright, E. E., Finkelstein, L. B., Nealis, M. S., Genung, S. R., Wrigley, J., Gu, H. C. J., Schmiege, S. J., & Arch, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.23.00697 · Cited by 74
Carroll, K. M. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12501 · Cited by 73
Self-citationDissemination and Implementation of Evidence‐Based Dementia Care Using Embedded Pragmatic Trials
Gitlin, L. N., Baier, R. R., Jutkowitz, E., Baker, Z. G., Gustavson, A. M., Sefcik, J. S., Hodgson, N. A., Koeuth, S., & Gaugler, J. E. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16622 · Cited by 66
Greenberg, J., Popok, P., Lin, A. C., Kulich, R. J., James, P., Macklin, E. A., Millstein, R. A., Edwards, R. R., & Vranceanu, A. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/18703 · Cited by 59
Behavioral interventions to extend sleep duration: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Baron, K. G., Duffecy, J. L., Reutrakul, S., Levenson, J. C., McFarland, M., Lee, S., & Qeadan, F. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101532 · Cited by 70
“Consistent with the National Institute of Health (NIH) Stage Model of intervention development [8], a variety of studies are needed to adapt promising interventions to maximum potency before these interventions can progress from basic to translational studies.”
Suchman, N. E., DeCoste, C. L., Borelli, J. L., & McMahon, T. J. (2017) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.11.006 · Cited by 66
Adapting dialectical behavior therapy for outpatient adult anorexia nervosa—A pilot study
Chen, E. Y., SEGAl, K. E., Weissman, J. L., Zeffiro, T. A., Gallop, R., Linehan, M. M., Bohus, M., & Lynch, T. R. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22360 · Cited by 65
Teri, L., Logsdon, R. G., McCurry, S. M., Pike, K. C., & McGough, E. L. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny122 · Cited by 66
Greenberg, J., Lin, A. C., Zale, E. L., Kulich, R. J., James, P., Millstein, R. A., Shapiro, H., Schatman, M. E., Edwards, R. R., & Vranceanu, A. (2019) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s222448 · Cited by 55
The Profound Heterogeneity of Substance Use Disorders: Implications for Treatment Development
Carroll, K. M. (2021) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09637214211026984 · Cited by 67
“Using the National Institutes of Health’s Stage Model of Behavioral Intervention Development as our blueprint for development and evaluation (Onken et al., 2014), we have completed eight independent randomized trials demonstrating CBT4CBT’s efficacy, the durability of its effects, and its effects on skills acquisition…”
Self-citationAggarwal, N. K., Jarvis, G. E., Gómez-Carrillo, A., Kirmayer, L. J., & Lewis‐Fernández, R. (2020) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461520940481 · Cited by 68
Palmer, J. A., Parker, V. A., Barre, L. R., et al. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3725-5 · Cited by 59
Suchman, N. E., Ordway, M. R., Kuhn, L. D. L. H., & McMahon, T. J. (2016) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2016.1226371 · Cited by 65
Ruijgrok-Lupton, P. E., Crane, R. S., & Dorjee, D. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0750-x · Cited by 64
“The current feasibility pilot study is an initial investigation measuring impact of mindfulnessbased teacher training on participant outcomes, addressing the need for further investigation of MBP clinician training (Dimidjian and Segal 2015, p.605) within the context of stage I of the six-stage NIH model for intervent…”
InfluentialMindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB-BP): Stage 1 single-arm clinical trial
Loucks, E. B., Nardi, W. R., Gutman, R., Kronish, I. M., Saadeh, F. B., Li, Y., Wentz, A. E., Webb, J., Vago, D. R., Harrison, A., et al. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223095 · Cited by 60
“[74, 75] This study’s methodological approach utilized the recommended NIH Stage Model and SOBC framework.[14, 76, 77] The SOBC framework uses an experimental medicine approach that emphasizes four steps, described in more detail elsewhere: (1) Identifying an intervention target (i.”
MethodMcGovern, M. P., Lambert-Harris, C. A., Xie, H., Meier, A., McLeman, B. M., & Saunders, E. C. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12943 · Cited by 66
Gaiha, S. M., Duemler, A., Silverwood, L., Razo, A., Halpern‐Felsher, B. L., & Walley, S. C. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106519 · Cited by 61
Eisman, A. B., Hutton, D. W., Prosser, L. A., Smith, S. N., & Kilbourne, A. M. (2020) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-020-01069-w · Cited by 50
“Evidence-based treatments for mental health conditions, including depression, are essential to improving the public’s health(1).”
Embedded Pragmatic Trials in Dementia Care: Realizing the Vision of the NIA IMPACT Collaboratory
Mitchell, S. L., Mor, V., Harrison, J., & McCarthy, E. P. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16621 · Cited by 60
Community Weight Loss to Combat Obesity and Disability in At-Risk Older Adults
Rejeski, W. J., Ambrosius, W. T., Burdette, J. H., Walkup, M. P., & Marsh, A. P. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw252 · Cited by 58
LaMonica, H. M., Iorfino, F., Lee, G. Y., Piper, S., Occhipinti, J., Davenport, T. A., Cross, S. P. M., Milton, A. C., Ospina‐Pinillos, L., Whittle, L., et al. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/33060 · Cited by 46
“Traditional clinical science approaches to the development and implementation of interventions rely on a lengthy linear process, from basic science through to effectiveness trials and dissemination [41], which can result in delays of up to 17 years for research translation into clinical practice [42].”
Baron, K. G., Duffecy, J. L., Richardson, D., Avery, E., Rothschild, S. K., & Lane, J. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8018 · Cited by 54
“Exclusion criteria included (1) high risk or presence of sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), or insomnia as assessed by history or screening questionnaires; (2) history of cognitive or neurological disorders; (3) presence of any major psychiatric disorder (eg, bipola…”
Mander, J., Blanck, P., Neubauer, A. B., Kröger, P., Flückiger, C., Lutz, W., Barnow, S., Bents, H., & Heidenreich, T. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22695 · Cited by 56
Kelleher, S. A., Fisher, H. M., Winger, J. G., Miller, S. N., Amaden, G. H., Somers, T. J., Colloca, L., Uronis, H. E., & Keefe, F. J. (2022) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951521002017 · Cited by 51
Bosk, E. A., Paris, R., Hanson, K. E., Ruisard, D., & Suchman, N. E. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.040 · Cited by 55
“…et. al. outline six stages: Stage 0 (Basic Research), Stage 1 (Intervention Generation/Refinement), Stage II (Efficacy-Research Clinics), Stage III (Efficacy-Community Clinics), Stage IV (Effectiveness), Stage V (Implementation & Dissemination) for intervention development (Onken et al., 2014)).”
BackgroundTargeting self-regulation to promote health behaviors in children
Miller, A. L., Gearhardt, A. N., Fredericks, E. M., Katz, B., Shapiro, L. F., Holden, K., Kaciroti, N., Gonzalez, R., Hunter, C. M., & Lumeng, J. C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.008 · Cited by 61
“Improving self-regulation early in life may be a novel approach to obesity prevention; eating behavior provides an excellent context in which to test a self-regulation behavior change model (Czajkowski, 2016; Onken, 2015; Onken et al., 2014).”
BackgroundConsolidated guidance for behavioral intervention pilot and feasibility studies
Pfledderer, C. D., von Klinggraeff, L., Burkart, S. A., Bandeira, A. D. S., Lubans, D. R., Jago, R., Okely, A. D., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Thrasher, J. F., et al. (2024) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-024-01485-5 · Cited by 69
Robinson, S. A., Bisson, A., Hughes, M. L., Ebert, J. E. J., & Lachman, M. E. (2018) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2018.1539487 · Cited by 47
Biello, K. B., Hill-Rorie, J., Valente, P. K., Futterman, D. C., Sullivan, P. S., Hightow‐Weidman, L., Muessig, K. E., Dormitzer, J., Mimiaga, M. J., & Mayer, K. H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25107 · Cited by 41
“Still, the evaluation of feasibility and acceptability of behavioral interventions in open pilot studies is an important part of the intervention development process and helps inform subsequent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention [66].”
Using Single-Case Experiments to Support Evidence-Based Decisions
Lanovaz, M., & Rapp, J. (2016) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445515613584 · Cited by 46
Norman, S. B., Capone, C., Panza, K. E., Haller, M. M., Davis, B. C., Schnurr, P. P., Shea, M. T., Browne, K. C., Norman, G. J., Lang, A. J., et al. (2022) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23244 · Cited by 52
Finlay, J., & Rowles, G. D. (2021) · Wellbeing Space and Society · doi:10.1016/j.wss.2021.100035 · Cited by 47
“A geographical lens can strengthen clinical practice, and enhance the movement toward translational science (Onken et al., 2014) and team-oriented care.”
BackgroundSong, M.-K., Ward, S. E., Hepburn, K., Paul, S., Kim, H., Shah, R. C., Morhardt, D. J., Medders, L., Lah, J. J., & Clevenger, C. C. (2019) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2019.0088 · Cited by 47
Bird, M., Li, L. H., Ouellette, C., Hopkins, K., McGillion, M. H., & Carter, N. (2019) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/15106 · Cited by 42
Multi-session online interpretation bias training for anxiety in a community sample
Ji, J. L., Baee, S., Zhang, D., Calicho-Mamani, C., Meyer, M. J., Funk, D. H., Portnow, S., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103864 · Cited by 45
Mindfulness Meditation: Impact on Attentional Control and Emotion Dysregulation.
Prakash, R. S. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1093/arclin/acab053 · Cited by 45
Palitsky, R., & Kaplan, D. M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01253-0 · Cited by 46
Goldbach, J. T., Rhoades, H., Mamey, M. R., Senese, J., Karys, P., & Marsiglia, F. F. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12357-5 · Cited by 46
“The P&E intervention was named through a democratic vote by youth at LGBT centers after multiple rounds of development, implementation, and revision that followed the NIH Intervention Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development [29].”
Orden, K. A. V., & Heffner, K. L. (2022) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnac032 · Cited by 45
Cullen, B., Eichel, K., Lindahl, J. R., Rahrig, H., Kini, N., Flahive, J., & Britton, W. B. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244838 · Cited by 43
“In line with mechanism-focused experimental medicine [49,51], both approaches predict that treatments will be maximally beneficial when they reverse baseline pathology or deficits and will be ineffective or contraindicated if baseline pathology is exacerbated or a new imbalance is created.”
BackgroundToward a Mechanistic Understanding of Links Between Close Relationships and Physical Health
Farrell, A. K., & Stanton, S. C. E. (2019) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721419855657 · Cited by 44
“As outlined in the stage model (Onken et al., 2014), basic research is critical for developing and refining interventions until they are maximally effective and efficient when implemented in their target populations.”
BackgroundOgbonnaya, I. N., & Keeney, A. J. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.10.008 · Cited by 44
Choi, K., Eunju, J., & Lee, G. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01759 · Cited by 44
Jacobs, J. M., Post, K. E., Massad, K., Horick, N., Walsh, E. A., Cohn, J. G., Rapoport, C. S., Clara, A. J., Antoni, M. H., Safren, S. A., et al. (2022) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.34409 · Cited by 44
“Declined to respond 1 (2) 2 (4) 3 (3) Breast cancer stage 0 5 (10) 3 (6) 8 (8) I 36 (72) 41 (82) 77 (77) II 6 (12) 10 (20) 16 (16) III 3 (6) 2 (4) 5 (5) Type of AET Aromatase inhibitor 28 (56) 32 (64) 60 (60) Tamoxifen 22 (44) 18 (36) 40 (40) Primary treatment type Surgery only 10 (20) 13 (26) 23 (23) Surgery and radi…”
Pajka, S. E., Hasdianda, M. A., George, N. R., Sudore, R. L., Schonberg, M. A., Bernstein, E., Tulsky, J. A., Block, S. D., & Ouchi, K. (2020) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2020.0067 · Cited by 40
“Given that our intervention is in stage 1B (preliminary testing stage) of the Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development, where any signal toward the desired outcome is valuable, implementation/dissemination concerns are outside the scope of this study.(54) Enrollments during the first six months (n = 25) of…”
Nahum-Shani, I., Rabbi, M., Yap, J., Philyaw-Kotov, M. L., Klasnja, P., Bonar, E. E., Cunningham, R. M., Murphy, S. A., & Walton, M. A. (2021) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001101 · Cited by 41
“These activities are consistent with Stage I of the NIH Stage Model (Onken et al., 2014), which focuses on intervention creation, refinement and preliminary testing, as well as with the preparation phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) (Collins, 2018), which focuses on laying the…”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Onken, L. S., Carroll, K. M., Shoham, V., Cuthbert, B. N., & Riddle, M.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Yale University (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Onken, Lisa S.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-12-11
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-34
- ISSN
- 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 2167-7034
- PMC
- PMC4374633
- OpenAlex
- W2013335489
- Cited by
- 872
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 22.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 DA999999)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA009241, U10DA015831, R01DA015969)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
- Keywords
- clinical science, intervention development, stage model, intervention mechanisms, translational research, research training, implementation, prevention interventions, therapeutic interventions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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