Testing a Hierarchical Model of Neuroticism and Its Cognitive Facets: Latent Structure and Prospective Prediction of First Onsets of Anxiety and Unipolar Mood Disorders During 3 Years in Late Adolescence

Zinbarg, Richard E.; Mineka, Susan; Bobova, Lyuba; Craske, Michelle G.; Vrshek-Schallhorn, Suzanne; Griffith, James W.; Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate; Waters, Allison M.; Sumner, Jennifer A.; Anand, Deepika

doi:10.1177/2167702615618162

Cited by 125Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Research TopicsPersonality Traits and Psychology

Testing a Hierarchical Model of Neuroticism and Its Cognitive Facets: Latent Structure and Prospective Prediction of First Onsets of Anxiety and Unipolar Mood Disorders During 3 Years in Late Adolescence

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Zinbarg, Richard E., Mineka, Susan, Bobova, Lyuba, Craske, Michelle G., Vrshek-Schallhorn, Suzanne, Griffith, James W., Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate, Waters, Allison M. +2 more·2016·Clinical Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/2167702615618162PMC PMC13021253

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Abstract

Neuroticism and several other traits have been proposed to confer vulnerability for unipolar mood disorders (UMDs) and anxiety disorders (ADs). However, it is unclear whether the associations of these vulnerabilities with these disorders are attributable to a latent variable common to all vulnerabilities, more narrow latent variables, or both. Additionally, some suggest that neuroticism predicts UMDs, ADs, and substance use disorders (SUDs) with comparable strength whereas others hypothesize that neuroticism is more strongly related to UMDs and ADs. We tested hypotheses about the factor structure of several vulnerabilities and the prospective associations of these latent variables with initial onsets of UMDs, ADs, and SUDs over three years in 547 participants recruited as high school juniors. Although a general neuroticism factor predicted SUDs, it predicted UMDs and ADs more strongly and especially predicted comorbid UMDs and ADs. There was also mixed support for specific associations involving more narrow latent vulnerabilities.

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Neuroticism is a core vulnerability factor common to anxiety and mood disorders.
“and a core vulnerability factor common to anxiety and mood disorders (32).”
From Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees (2022) · cites this paper as [32]

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Relationship of sociotropy/autonomy and dependency/self-criticism to DSM-III--R personality disorders.
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Neuroticism and introversion are associated with salivary cortisol patterns in adolescents
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Invariance on the NEO PI-R Neuroticism Scale
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The Stability and Validity of the Sociotropy and Autonomy Personality Dimensions as Measured by the Revised Personal Style Inventory
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The Relationships of Personality and Cognitive Styles with Self-Reported Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
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Refining the Candidate Environment
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Testing the CaR–FA–X model: Investigating the mechanisms underlying reduced autobiographical memory specificity in individuals with and without a history of depression.
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Relationship of sociotropy/autonomy and dependency/self-criticism to DSM-III—R personality disorders.
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Factors Associated With Primary Care Clinicians' Choice of a Watchful Waiting Approach to Managing Depression
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Does Neuroticism in Adolescents Moderate Contextual and Explicit Threat Cue Modulation of the Startle Reflex?
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A latent variable model approach to estimating systematic bias in the oversampling method
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Prospective predictors of suicidal ideation during depressive episodes among older adolescents and young adults
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Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex: Preliminary evidence of distinctions between adolescents with principal fear disorders versus distress disorders
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The relationship between anxiety sensitivity and latent symptoms of emotional problems: A structural equation modeling approach
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Examining the long-term stability of overgeneral autobiographical memory
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Effects of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and history of major depression on overgeneral autobiographical memory
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Evaluating the Invariance and Validity of the Structure of Dysfunctional Attitudes in an Adolescent Population
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Toxicity and Adverse Reaction Studies With Neuroleptics and Antidepressants.
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The role of associative fear and avoidance learning in anxiety disorders: Gaps and directions for future research
Pittig, A., Treanor, M., LeBeau, R. T., & Craske, M. G. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.015 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Reproducible Genetic Risk Loci for Anxiety: Results From ∼200,000 Participants in the Million Veteran Program
Levey, D. F., Gelernter, J. E., Polimanti, R. A., Zhou, H., Cheng, Z., Aslan, M., Quaden, R. M., Concato, J., Radhakrishnan, K., Bryois, J., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19030256 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology ( HiTOP ): III . Emotional dysfunction superspectrum
Watson, D., Levin‐Aspenson, H. F., Waszczuk, M. A., Conway, C. C., Dalgleish, T., Dretsch, M. N., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Hobbs, K. A., et al. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20943 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
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Shackman, A. J., Tromp, D., Stockbridge, M. D., Kaplan, C. M., Tillman, R. M., & Fox, A. S. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000073 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Better Safe Than Sorry: A Common Signature of General Vulnerability for Psychopathology
den Bergh, O. V., Brosschot, J. F., Critchley, H., Thayer, J., & Ottaviani, C. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620950690 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Why Psychiatric Research Must Abandon Traditional Diagnostic Classification and Adopt a Fully Dimensional Scope: Two Solutions to a Persistent Problem
Hengartner, M. P., & Lehmann, S. N. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00101 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Symptom-level modelling unravels the shared genetic architecture of anxiety and depression
Thorp, J. G., Campos, A. I., Grotzinger, A. D., Gerring, Z. F., An, J., Ong, J., Wang, W., Shringarpure, S., Byrne, E. M., MacGregor, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01094-9 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Dispositional negativity, cognition, and anxiety disorders: An integrative translational neuroscience framework
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The p factor and the n factor: associations between the general factors of psychopathology and neuroticism in children.
Brandes, C. M., Herzhoff, K., Smack, A. J., & Tackett, J. L. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702619859332 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The Stony Brook Temperament Study: Early Antecedents and Pathways to Emotional Disorders
Klein, D. N., & Finsaas, M. C. (2017) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12242 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Dispositional Negativity and Attentional Biases to Threat: Implications for Understanding Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Youth
Shackman, A. J., Stockbridge, M. D., Tillman, R. M., Kaplan, C. M., Tromp, D., Fox, A. S., & Gamer, M. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.054015 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The role of hedonics in the Human Affectome
Becker, S., Bräscher, A., Bannister, S., Bensafi, M., Calma‐Birling, D., Chan, R. C. K., Eerola, T., Ellingsen, D., Ferdenzi, C., Hanson, J. L., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Trait and facet-level predictors of first-onset depressive and anxiety disorders in a community sample of adolescent girls
Goldstein, B. L., Kotov, R., Perlman, G., Watson, D., & Klein, D. N. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717002719 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality
Pfeifer, G., Garfinkel, S. N., van Praag, C. G., Sahota, K., Betka, S., & Critchley, H. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.04.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Contextualizing neuroticism in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
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Psychiatrically relevant signatures of domain-general decision-making and metacognition in the general population
Benwell, C., Mohr, G., Wallberg, J., Kouadio, A., & Ince, R. A. A. (2022) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-022-00009-4 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Development of a single-session, transdiagnostic preventive intervention for young adults at risk for emotional disorders
Bentley, K. H., Boettcher, H., Bullis, J. R., Carl, J. R., Conklin, L. R., Sauer-Zavala, S., Pierre-Louis, C., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2018) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445517734354 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neuroticism and Interpretive Bias as Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression
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The contributions of affective traits and emotion regulation to internalizing disorders: Current state of the literature and measurement challenges.
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“Although the sadness facet uniquely contributes to the prediction of depression, and the anxiety facet uniquely contributes to the prediction of generalized anxiety in some studies (Naragon-Gainey & Watson, 2014, 2018; Uliaszek et al., 2009; Zinbarg et al., 2016), this is likely due in part to overlapping content betw…”
BackgroundInfluential
Treating Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Within an Emotional Disorders Framework: Acceptability and Feasibility of the Unified Protocol in an Inpatient Setting
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Integration of GWAS and brain eQTL identifies FLOT1 as a risk gene for major depressive disorder
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Predicting states of elevated negative affect in adolescents from smartphone sensors: a novel personalized machine learning approach
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Anxiety and anhedonia in depression: Associations with neuroticism and cognitive control
Liao, A., Walker, R., Carmody, T. J., Cooper, C. M., Shaw, M. A., Grannemann, B. D., Adams, P., Bruder, G. E., McInnis, M. G., Webb, C. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.072 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Five-year prospective neuroticism–stress effects on major depressive episodes: Primarily additive effects of the general neuroticism factor and stress.
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A longitudinal study of personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders in young adults
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Additive and Synergetic Contributions of Neuroticism and Life Events to Depression and Anxiety in Women
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Dispositional negativity in the wild: Social environment governs momentary emotional experience.
Shackman, A. J., Weinstein, J. S., Hudja, S., Bloomer, C., Barstead, M. G., Fox, A. S., & Lemay, E. P. (2017) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000339 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Health and Subjective Views on Aging: Longitudinal Findings From the ActiFE Ulm Study
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Personality, Emotions, and Creativity
Hoffmann, J. D., Ivčević, Z., & Feist, G. J. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108776721.010 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Two Measures of Interoceptive Sensibility and the Relationship With Introversion and Neuroticism in an Adult Population
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Depression and disclosure behavior via social media: A study of university students in China
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Smaller amygdala volume and increased neuroticism predict anxiety symptoms in healthy subjects: A volumetric approach using manual tracing
Hu, Y., Moore, M., Bertels, Z., Phan, K. L., Dolcos, F., & Dolcos, S. M. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.008 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Reciprocal effects of neuroticism and life stress in adolescence
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Anxiety, gender, and social media consumption predict COVID-19 emotional distress
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Extraversion and interpersonal support as risk, resource, and protective factors in the prediction of unipolar mood and anxiety disorders.
Metts, A., Zinbarg, R., Hammen, C., Mineka, S., & Craske, M. G. (2021) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000643 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
The major-minor mode dichotomy in music perception.
Carraturo, G., Pando-Naude, V., Costa, M., Vuust, P., Bonetti, L., & Brattico, E. (2024) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2024.11.017 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Endogenous Pain Modulation: Association with Resting Heart Rate Variability and Negative Affectivity
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Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees
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“The personality trait neuroticism, reflecting an individual’s tendency to experience negative emotions, sensitivity to aversive cues, and insufficient ability to cope with stress, has been found to be the personality trait that is the most strongly associated with many forms of psychopathology (26–31), and a core vuln…”
Background
Exploring the role of testosterone in the cerebellum link to neuroticism: From adolescence to early adulthood
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Is Mindful Parenting a Mechanism that Links Parents’ and Children’s Tendency to Experience Negative Affect to Overprotective and Supportive Behaviors?
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Association between reward-related functional connectivity and tri-level mood and anxiety symptoms
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Core self-evaluation, rumination and forgiveness as an influence on emotional distress
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Age of anxiety and depression revisited: A meta-analysis of two European community samples (1964-2015)
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Aversive Indecisiveness Predicts Risks for and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Over Avoidant Indecisiveness
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Evaluating Structural Models of Cognitive Vulnerabilities: Transdiagnostic and Specific Pathways to Internalizing Symptoms
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Neuroticism as an underlying construct in youth emotional disorders
Tonarely, N. A., Sherman, J. A., Grossman, R. A., Shaw, A. M., & Ehrenreich, J. T. (2020) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2020.84.3.214 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Skill Acquisition During Transdiagnostic Treatment With the Unified Protocol
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Negative affect related traits and the chasm between self-report and neuroscience
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Online reading habits can reveal personality traits: towards detecting psychological microtargeting
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Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of first-lifetime onsets of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in high-risk adolescents
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Authors: Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., Bobova, L., Craske, M. G., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Griffith, J. W., Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Waters, A. M., Sumner, J. A., & Anand, D.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
Corresponding author: Zinbarg, Richard E.
ORCID: Zinbarg, Richard E.
Craske, Michelle G.
Griffith, James W.
Wolitzky-Taylor, Kate
Waters, Allison M.
Sumner, Jennifer A.
Anand, Deepika
Venue: Clinical Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2016-06-23
Volume: 4
Issue: 5
Pages: 805-824
ISSN: 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
2167-7034
DOI: 10.1177/2167702615618162
PMC: PMC13021253
OpenAlex: W2267227323
Cited by: 123
References: 110
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 4
FWCI: 19.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: public-domain
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Northwestern University
Griffith University
Feinberg School of Medicine
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH065652, R01MH065651)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: neuroticism, unipolar mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, comorbidities, factor structure, high school students

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Testing a Hierarchical Model of Neuroticism and Its Cognitive Facets: Latent Structure and Prospective Prediction of First Onsets of Anxiety and Unipolar Mood Disorders During 3 Years in Late Adolescence

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