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Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods

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Rücker, Gerta, Schwarzer, Guido·2015·BMC Medical Research Methodology

DOI 10.1186/s12874-015-0060-8PMC PMC4521472

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Network meta-analysis is used to compare three or more treatments for the same condition. Within a Bayesian framework, for each treatment the probability of being best, or, more general, the probability that it has a certain rank can be derived from the posterior distributions of all treatments. The treatments can then be ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). For comparing treatments in a network meta-analysis, we propose a frequentist analogue to SUCRA which we call P-score that works without resampling. METHODS: P-scores are based solely on the point estimates and standard errors of the frequentist network meta-analysis estimates under normality assumption and can easily be calculated as means of one-sided p-values. They measure the mean extent of certainty that a treatment is better than the competing treatments. RESULTS: Using case studies of network meta-analysis in diabetes and depression, we demonstrate that the numerical values of SUCRA and P-Score are nearly identical. CONCLUSIONS: Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling. Like the SUCRA values, P-scores induce a ranking of all treatments that mostly follows that of the point estimates, but takes precision into account. However, neither SUCRA nor P-score offer a major advantage compared to looking at credible or confidence intervals.

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Fig. 1 Fictitious example. Two normal posterior distributions following N(0,1) (dashed) and N(0.5, 22) (continuous) with credible intervals. The probability that treatment A, corresponding to the flat distribution, is better than treatment B, corresponding to the steep distribution, is 59 %CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 2 Fictitious example: ROC curve. ROC curve and area under the curve (AUC) corresponding to the example of Fig. 1 (AUC = 0.59)CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 3 Diabetes data, analyzed with WinBUGS. Diabetes data, analyzed with WinBUGS and ordered by treatment effects (REM = random effects model, MCMC = Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis with 3 chains, 40000 iterations, 10000 burn in iterations discarded). CI = credible interval (median and 2.5 % / 97.5 % quantiles). The estimated common variance between studies was σ 2=0.1221CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 4 Diabetes data, analyzed with R package netmeta. Diabetes data, analyzed with R package netmeta and ordered by treatment effects (REM = random effects model, CI = confidence interval). The estimated common between study variance was τ 2=0.1087CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 5 Depression data, analyzed with WinBUGS. Depression data, analyzed with WinBUGS (REM = random effects model, MCMC = Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis with 3 chains, 40000 iterations, 10000 burn in iterations discarded). CI = credible interval (median and 2.5 % / 97.5 % quantiles). The estimated common between study variance was σ 2=0.2011CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 6 Depression data, analyzed with R package netmeta. Depression data, analyzed with R package netmeta (REM = random effects model, CI = confidence interval). The estimated common between study variance was τ 2=0.1875CC BY · PubMed Central

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BackgroundMethod
Analgesic benefits of pre-operative versus postoperative transversus abdominis plane block for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a frequentist network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Dost, B., CASSAI, A. D., Balzani, E., Geraldini, F., Tulgar, S., Ahişkalıoğlu, A., Karapınar, Y. E., Beldağlı, M., Navalesi, P., & Kaya, C. (2023) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-023-02369-6 · Cited by 10
“We ranked all treatments in terms of their ability to reduce 24-hour morphine consumption, from 0 to 1, using the surface under cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve [20].”
Method
Comparative efficacy and safety of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis regimens for people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Prosty, C. J., Katergi, K., Sorin, M., Rjeily, M. B., Butler‐Laporte, G., McDonald, E. G., & Lee, T. C. (2024) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.037 · Cited by 10
Comparative efficacy and safety of JAK/TYK2 inhibitors and other oral drugs for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis
Zheng, Y., Han, Y., Chen, J., Huang, J., Zhu, C., Lin, L., & Su, H. (2024) · Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology · doi:10.25259/ijdvl_775_2023 · Cited by 10
Oncological outcomes in minimally invasive vs. open distal pancreatectomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Wong, N. Z. H., Yap, D. W. T., Ng, S. L., Ng, J. Y. N., James, J. J., & Kow, A. W. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2024.1369169 · Cited by 10
“Treatments were ranked using the P -score provided by the netmeta package (19 – 21).”
Method
Long-term outcomes with medical therapy, transcatheter repair, or surgery for isolated tricuspid regurgitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Saito, T., Kuno, T., Aikawa, T., Ueyama, H. A., Kampaktsis, P. Ν., Kolte, D. S., Misumida, N., Takagi, H., Ahmad, Y., Kaneko, T., et al. (2024) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-024-02579-z · Cited by 11
Comparative Efficacy of Glucosamine-Based Combination Therapies in Alleviating Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Sumsuzzman, D. M., Khan, Z. A., Jung, J. H., Hong, Y., Yang, W., Park, K., Choi, H. J., Jeong, O. C., Kim, S. J., & Hong, Y. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13237444 · Cited by 10
“We presented the interval plot results and league tables for all interventions against placebo and esti-J mated mean rank and relative treatment rankings using SUCRA values [24]. comprehensive ability of treatments to reduce overall pain and adverse events [25].”
Interventions to Reduce Loneliness among Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Network Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Sun, Y., Huang, H., Cai, G., Gu, J., Leung, G. K. L., Gao, Y., Wong, S. Y. S., Wong, E. L., Mak, W. W. S., Kwok, T. C. Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105441 · Cited by 12
Comparative effectiveness of six biophysical agents on neck pain rehabilitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Hao, J., He, Z., Huang, B., Li, Y., Remis, A., Yao, Z., Tang, Y., Sun, Y., & Wu, K. (2025) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-025-08812-1 · Cited by 10
“We used P -scores to rank the effects of biophysical agents on neck pain intensity [21].”
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of nutraceuticals for depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Cheng, Y., Huang, W., Chen, W.-Y., Huang, Y., Kuo, P., & Tu, Y. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725000996 · Cited by 10
“…on their p scores, which range between 0 and 1. p scores, derived from the point estimates and standard errors of relative treatment effects, indicate the level of certainty that one treatment is superior to another treatment, averaged across all competing treatments (Rücker and Schwarzer, 2015).”
The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma preparation protocols in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yu, D., Zhao, J., & Zhao, K. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06026-1 · Cited by 10
“The enhanced secretion of IGF-1 can promotes collagen production and extracellular matrix production promoting tendon and cartilage healing [41].”
Efficacy and safety of systemic therapies following progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Buonaiuto, R., Fordellone, M., Caltavituro, A., Cataldo, M. L., Criscitiello, C., Dieci, M. V., Lambertini, M., Botticelli, A., Giuliano, M., Giordano, A., et al. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103535 · Cited by 12
“36 Although formal testing for inconsistency was not feasible due to the star-shaped structure of the network, the assumption of transitivity was assessed by examining the distribution of potential effect modifiers across studies.”
A comparison of effectiveness among frequent treatments of recurrent spontaneous abortion: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Lv, S., Yu, J., & Xu, X. (2018) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12856 · Cited by 10
Long-term efficacy of interventions for actinic keratosis: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Steeb, T., Heppt, M. V., Becker, L., Kohl, C., French, L. E., & Berking, C. (2019) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-019-1156-8 · Cited by 10
Adverse events of different chemotherapy regimens in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Laukhtina, E., Mori, K., Mostafaei, H., Merseburger, A. S., Nyírády, P., Moschini, M., Quhal, F., Pradère, B., Motlagh, R. S., Enikeev, D. V., et al. (2021) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2021.09.005 · Cited by 10
Answering complex hierarchy questions in network meta-analysis
Papakonstantinou, T., Salanti, G., Mavridis, D., Rücker, G., Schwarzer, G., & Nikolakopoulou, A. (2022) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-021-01488-3 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Network Meta-Analysis Comparing Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Park, D. Y., An, S., Attanasio, S., Jolly, N., Malhotra, S., Doukky, R., Samsky, M. D., Sen, S., Ahmad, T., Nanna, M. G., et al. (2022) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.026 · Cited by 10
Pharmacotherapies in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Sreenivasan, J., Malik, A. H., Khan, M. S., Lloji, A., Hooda, U., Aronow, W. S., Lanier, G. M., Pan, S., Greene, S. J., Murad, M. H., et al. (2022) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000484 · Cited by 10
“18 The P scores measure the ranking of an intervention as being better than the others, averaged over all competing interventions.”
Background
The clinical effectiveness of denosumab (Prolia®) in patients with hormone-sensitive cancer receiving endocrine therapy, compared to bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), and placebo: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Nicolopoulos, K., Moshi, M. R., Stringer, D., Ma, N., Jenal, M., & Vreugdenburg, T. D. (2023) · Archives of Osteoporosis · doi:10.1007/s11657-023-01211-3 · Cited by 11
“Notes: P-score: the extent of certainty that a treatment is superior to its comparators (closest score to 1 being the “best”) [25].”
Influential
Effects of different exercise modalities on inhibiting left ventricular pathological remodeling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Wang, T., Zhang, L., Cai, M., & Tian, Z. (2023) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121511 · Cited by 11
Based on ARASENS trial: efficacy and safety of darolutamide as an emerging option of endocrinotherapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer—an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis
Dou, M., Liang, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, R., Chen, S., & Shi, B. (2023) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-023-04658-6 · Cited by 10
“The P-score was applied as the counter-part of the SUCRA to assess the relative efficacy as ranked in the frequentist model (Rücker and Schwarzer 2015).”
Method
Regional analgesia techniques for lumbar spine surgery: a frequentist network meta-analysis
Hong, B., Baek, S.-J., Kang, H., Oh, C., Jo, Y., Lee, S., & Park, S. (2023) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000000270 · Cited by 10
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Reduction Mammaplasty: A Network Meta-Analysis
Seretis, K. G., Bounas, N., & Papaspyrou, F. (2023) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-023-03313-2 · Cited by 10
“The probability of the most efficient intervention was estimated and ranked using the P-Score, which measures the certainty that one treatment is better than the other, averaged over all competing treatments, and the closer the P-Score is to 1, the better the therapeutic effect of the intervention may be [12].”
Method
Comparative efficacy and safety of novel immuno-chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
Zhu, Y., Liu, K., Zhu, H., Cao, H., & Zhou, Y. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359231206147 · Cited by 10
“25,26 The primary efficacy analyses were focused on comparing serplulimab plus chemotherapy with all other treatments and comparing all treatments with chemotherapy alone.”
Method
The effectiveness of parenteral agents for pain reduction in patients with migraine presenting to emergency settings: A systematic review and network analysis
Kirkland, S. W., Visser, L., Meyer, J., Junqueira, D. R., Campbell, S., Villa‐Roel, C., Friedman, B. W., Essel, N. O. M., & Rowe, B. H. (2024) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.14704 · Cited by 9
A Systematic Review and Network‐Meta‐Analysis of Gastro‐Enteric Reconstruction Techniques Following Pancreatoduodenectomy to Reduce Delayed Gastric Emptying
Kamarajah, S. K., Bundred, J., Alessandri, G., Robinson, S. M., Wilson, C. H., French, J., & Pandanaboyana, S. (2020) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05459-5 · Cited by 10
Analgesic medicines for adults with low back pain: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
The ANiMALIA investigators, Wewege, M. A., Bagg, M. K., Jones, M. D., & McAuley, J. H. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01506-3 · Cited by 10
“We will rank the effect of all interventions on pain intensity and safety using P-scores, a method for estimating treatment rankings that does not require resampling methods [71].”
Method
Overall Survival Benefits of First-Line Treatments for Asian Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutated NSCLC Harboring L858R Mutation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Chan, S.-K., Choi, C., & Lee, V. H.-F. (2022) · JTO Clinical and Research Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100322 · Cited by 10
“Although regimens in this study were usefully ranked with respect to OS, PFS, and grade greater than or equal to 3 AEs, they were primarily calculated using point estimates, which in this study were HRs and ORs.(51) Therefore, to accurately and”
MethodInfluential
Efficacy and safety of targeted therapy for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in the first-line treatment: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Feng, F., Zhang, T., Yin, F., Liu, C., Zhuang, J., Qi, L., Wang, X., Li, J., Wang, L., Tian, J., et al. (2019) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s187739 · Cited by 10
“The SUCRA value would be 100%, indicating that the regimen is always the best, and 0%, indicating that the regimen is always the worst.(25) As there is a loop in three arms, the node-splitting method was used to evaluate the inconsistency between direct and indirect comparisons.”
Method
Network meta-analysis as a tool in clinical practice guidelines
Antoniou, S. A., Mavridis, D., Tsokani, S., Morales‐Conde, S., Ortenzi, M., Vettoretto, N., Carrano, F. M., Preda, S. D., & Arulampalam, T. (2022) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-022-09772-z · Cited by 11
altmeta: Alternative Meta-Analysis Methods
Lin, L., & Chu, H. (2016) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.altmeta · Cited by 10
Upper limb manual training for children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yang, F.-A., Lee, T.-H., Huang, S., Liou, T., Escorpizo, R. S., & Chen, H. (2022) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155221137698 · Cited by 9
“The P score is used to measure the extent of certainty that a treatment is better than other treatments, averaged over all competing treatments.(29) The P score is measured on a scale from 0 (worst) to 1 (best).”
Method
Pharmaceutical administration for severe hypertension during pregnancy: Network meta-analysis
Deng, N., Xian‐Yu, C., Han, R.-Z., Huang, C.-Y., Ma, Y.-T., Li, H., Gao, T., Liu, X., & Zhang, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1092501 · Cited by 9
“By definition, SUCRA values reflected the efficacy of an intervention and, thus, a rank plot with larger SUCRA scores implied more effective interventions (Rücker and Schwarzer, 2015).”
Background
The comparative effect of exercise interventions on balance in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials
Walsh, G. S., Delextrat, A. A., & Bibbey, A. (2023) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107790 · Cited by 9
“Exercise interventions were ranked according to P-score, the mean probability that a treatment with a larger P-score is more effective than treatments with lower P-scores [27].”
Method
Comparative efficacy of digitally assisted interventions for glycated haemoglobin levels among patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and component network Meta‐Analysis
Romadlon, D. S., Tu, Y., Chen, Y., Hasan, F., & Chiu, H. (2023) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15227 · Cited by 9
“hierarchy was determined based on P score between 0 and 1, with higher values indicating superior treatment.(29) We assessed global inconsistencies by using the design-by-treatment interaction test and local inconsistencies by adopting the node-splitting inconsistency test.”
Method
Frequency settings of subthalamic nucleus DBS for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Dharnipragada, R., Denduluri, L. S., Naik, A., Bertogliat, M. J., Awad, M., Ikramuddin, S. S., & Park, M. C. (2023) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105809 · Cited by 9
New First-line Immunotherapy-based Therapies for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Living Network Meta-analysis
Chen, J., Jin, Z., Luo, B., Wang, Y.-Q., Li, R., Zhu, H., & Teng, G. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2023.00188 · Cited by 9
“17, 21, and 25).”
Comparative analysis of surgical interventions for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Hu, L., Deng, X., Wei, B., Wang, J., & Hou, D. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-023-04463-4 · Cited by 9
“The interventions were ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA), ranging from 0 to 1 with higher scores indicating better outcomes, and the most frequent analog of the SUCRA curve was determined [34–36].”
Method
Comparative efficacy of sodium thiosulfate, bisphosphonates, and cinacalcet for the treatment of vascular calcification in patients with haemodialysis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
He, L., Li, Y., Jin, J., Cheng, M., Bai, Y., & Xu, J. (2024) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-024-03460-x · Cited by 9
“We used STATA software (Version 17) to perform a multivariate network meta-analysis within a frequentist framework [24] according to current PRISMA NMA guidelines.”
Method
Efficacy and Safety of Thermal Ablation after Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Haghbin, H., Zakirkhodjaev, N., Fatima, R., Kamal, F., & Aziz, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13051298 · Cited by 9
“The treatment groups were then ranked using P-score, with higher values denoting decreased recurrence and/or adverse events [24].”
Method
Impact of nutritional support routes on mortality in acute pancreatitis: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Hsieh, P., Yang, T., Kang, E. Y.-N., Lee, P., Luo, J., Huang, Y., Hou, M., & Huang, S. (2024) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13782 · Cited by 9
“In summarizing the network meta-analysis ﬁndings, both p -best value and p -score were calculated [29, 30]. p - best involves determining probabilities for parameter distribution, with each treatment i prioritized based on expected effect size, and gives a proportion p ( i = 1) to show a speciﬁc…”
Hyaluronate Acid Plus Platelet‐Rich Plasma Is Superior to Steroids for Pain Relief Less Than 6 Months Using Injection Therapy of Partial Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐analysis
Weninger, V., Agócs, G., Kovács, N., Váncsa, S., Hergár, L., Baek, C. J., Hegyi, P., Holnapy, G., & Skaliczki, G. (2024) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2024.03.035 · Cited by 9
Comparative efficacy of telehealth interventions on promoting cancer screening: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Zhang, S., Zhou, L., Yi, L., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Y., & Hu, X. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12974 · Cited by 10
Comparative efficacy of different exercise modalities on metabolic profiles and liver functions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis
Huang, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., & Wu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1428723 · Cited by 12
“A higher SUCRA value indicates a higher probability that a speci ﬁ c intervention will be the most effective (Rücker and Schwarzer, 2015).”
Safety comparison of single-donor and pooled fecal microbiota transfer product preparation in ulcerative colitis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Laperrousaz, B., Levast, B., Fontaine, M., Nancey, S., Déchelotte, P., Dore, J. M., & Lehert, P. (2024) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-024-03487-2 · Cited by 10
“Treatment ranking by P-scores measured the extent of certainty that any one treatment was better than another, averaged over all competing treatments [15].”
Background
Efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants in individuals suffering from physical conditions and depressive disorders: network meta-analysis
Luca, B. D., Canozzi, A., Mosconi, C., Gastaldon, C., Papola, D., Metelli, A., Tedeschi, F., Amaddeo, F., Purgato, M., Solmi, M., et al. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.18 · Cited by 12
“40 If a comparison included ten studiesormore,weassessedpublicationbiasbyvisuallyinspectingthe funnelplot,testedthemforasymmetrywiththeEgger ’ sregressiontest and investigated possible reasons for funnel plot asymmetry.”
Effectiveness of Exercise-Based Interventions on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Huang, K., Zhang, G., Gains, H., He, R., Jiao, Y., Jia, Y., & Chen, L. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2025.105583 · Cited by 15
Network meta-analysis of the effects of long-term non-pharmacologic treatment on inhibitory control in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Zhou, J., Jiang, W., Wang, J., & Dou, J. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.028 · Cited by 9
Explore the optimal exercise intervention subtype for sarcopenia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Wei, M., He, S., Zhang, X., Meng, D., Yang, G., & Wang, Z. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06529-w · Cited by 9
“We chose the Bayesian model over the frequentist model for network meta-analysis because it allows us to incorporate prior information and uncertainty, and to obtain posterior distributions and probabilities for each pairwise comparison in the network [50].”
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Antihistamines for Allergic Rhinitis: Network Meta-Analysis
Vieira, R. J., Gil‐Mata, S., Ferreira, A., Serra, P. R., Bognanni, A., Duarte, V. H., Viegas, H., Pereira, A. M., Ferreira‐da‐Silva, R., Ferreira‐Cardoso, H., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2025.12.034 · Cited by 9

Authors: Rücker, G., & Schwarzer, G.
Affiliations: University of Freiburg (DE)
Corresponding author: Rücker, Gerta
ORCID: Rücker, Gerta
Schwarzer, Guido
Venue: BMC Medical Research Methodology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-07-31
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 58-58
ISSN: 1471-2288 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/s12874-015-0060-8
PMC: PMC4521472
OpenAlex: W2111999709
Cited by: 1,732
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 249 · 2025: 253 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 229 · 2022: 226 · 2021: 191 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 28.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (unspecified)
Locations: BMC Medical Research Methodology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RU1747/1-1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
Keywords: treatment ranking, P-score, surface under the cumulative ranking curve, confidence intervals, diabetes mellitus, depression
MeSH terms: Algorithms, Bayes Theorem, Biometry, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Review Literature as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Biomedical Research

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Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods

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