Extracellular vesicle therapy for obesity-induced NAFLD: a comprehensive review of current evidence
Open accessAbstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a chronic disease especially in Western countries, is still a tough question in the clinical therapy. With the rising prevalence of various chronic diseases, liver transplantation is expected to be the most common therapy after the next 10 years. However, there is still no approved drug for NAFLD, and targeted therapy for NAFLD is urgent. Exosomes as a kind of extracellular vesicle are cell-derived nanovesicles, which play an essential role in intercellular communication. Due to complex cell–cell interactions in the liver, exosomes as therapeutic drugs or drug delivery vesicles may be involved in physiological or pathological processes in NAFLD. Compared with other nanomaterials, exosomes as a cell-free therapy, are not dependent on cell number limitation, which means can be administered safely in high doses. Apart from this, exosomes with the advantages of being low-toxic, high stability, and low-immunological are chosen for targeted therapy for many diseases. In this review, firstly we introduced the extracellular vesicles, including the biogenesis, composition, isolation and characterization, and fundamental function of extracellular vesicles. And then we discussed the modification of extracellular vesicles, cargo packing, and artificial exosomes. Finally, the extracellular vesicles for the therapies of NAFLD are summarized. Moreover, we highlight therapeutic approaches using exosomes in the clinical treatment of NAFLD, which provide valuable insights into targeting NAFLD in the clinical setting. Graphical Abstract
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EVs cannot be stored for a long time since they lose their structure and bioactivity due to destruction of the lipid layers.
“However, we cannot store the EVs for a long time since they lose their structure and bioactivity due to the destruction of the lipid layers [327–329].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [327]
The composition of EVs section (page unavailable) says EVs have lipid bilayer structures, but does not say those layers are destroyed during storage. A passage in The function of therapy (page unavailable) describes MSC-derived exosomes as having “longer preservation” than MSCs; it gives no storage limit or evidence of lost structure or bioactivity. Searches for long-term storage, stability, and lipid-layer damage did not establish the claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Zhang, J., Ma, B., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Li, C., & Dong, Y.
- Affiliations
- China Agricultural University (CN)
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Yulan
- Venue
- Cell Communication and Signaling
- Published
- 2024-01-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-18
- ISSN
- 1478-811X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10775587
- OpenAlex
- W4390726364
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5
- FWCI
- 0.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cell Communication and Signaling (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Forestry Science and Technology Programs of Jiangsu Province (LYKJ[2020]29)
- Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (Flower) Industrial Technology System (JATS[2022]393)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972633)
- Foundation of CAU (SJ2021002001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, exosomes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, cell-free therapy, exosome biogenesis, exosome isolation and characterization, exosome modification, exosome cargo, exosome-based drug delivery, NAFLD treatment
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Humans, Obesity, Exosomes, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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