Mosquitoes in the Danube Delta: searching for vectors of filarioid helminths and avian malaria
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BACKGROUND: Mosquitoes are arthropods of major importance to animal and human health because they are able to transmit pathogenic agents such as filarioids (Spirurida), vector-borne nematodes, which reside in the tissues of vertebrates. In Europe, recent research has mostly focused on mosquito-borne zoonotic species, while others remain neglected. Mosquitoes are also vectors of avian malaria, which has an almost worldwide distribution, and is caused by several Plasmodium species and lineages, the most common being P. relictum. The Danube Delta region of Romania is one of the most important stopover sites for migratory birds. The local mosquito fauna is diverse and well represented, while filarial infections are known to be endemic in domestic dogs in this area. The aim of the present study was thus to assess the potential vector capacity for various filarial helminths and avian malaria of mosquitoes trapped in the Danube Delta. METHODS: -baited traps and hand aspirators. Additionally, a trap was placed next to a microfilaremic dog co-infected with Dirofilaria repens and D. immitis. All randomly trapped mosquitoes were identified to the species level and pooled according to date, sampling site, and taxon. Three hundred individual mosquitoes sampled next to the microfilaremic dog were processed individually and divided into abdomen and thorax/head. Following DNA extraction, all samples were screened for the presence of DNA of filarioid helminths and avian malaria agents by PCR techniques. RESULTS: All 284 pools (a total of 5855 mosquitoes) were negative for filarioid DNA. One pool of Culex modestus mosquitoes was positive for Plasmodium sp. lineage Donana03. In the individually extracted mosquitoes, one abdomen of Aedes vexans was positive for D. repens DNA, one thorax/head of Ae. vexans was positive for DNA of Setaria labiatopapillosa, and two thorax/head of Cx. pipiens f. pipiens were positive for P. relictum lineage pSGS1. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests the vector competence of Cx. modestus and Cx. pipiens for avian Plasmodium including pathogenic species P. relictum and Ae. vexans for mammalian filarioids. Moreover, it indicates the role of Cx. pipiens f. pipiens as a potential natural vector of P. relictum lineage pSGS1 in nature.
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The present data show for the first time the presence of Dirofilaria spp. DNA in Oc. caspius and Cx. pipiens s.l. in France.
“the present data show for the first time the presence of Dirofilaria spp. DNA in Oc. caspius and Cx. pipiens s.l. in France, as reported in previous European studies [5–22].”
From Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
Ae. vexans plays a key role in the spread of Dirofilaria spp.
“This most abundant and one of the frequently infected species in Europe (Italy, Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Serbia, Romania) plays a key role in the spread of Dirofilaria spp. [34, 49–53].”
From Urbanization impact on mosquito community and the transmission potential of filarial infection in central Europe (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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Fuehrer, H.-P., Morelli, S., Unterköfler, M. S., Bajer, A., Bakran-Lebl, K., Dwużnik-Szarek, D., Farkas, R., Grandi, G., Heddergott, M., Jokelainen, P., et al. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10101268 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
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Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France
Younes, L., Barré-Cardi, H., Bedjaoui, S., Ayhan, N., Varloud, M., Mediannikov, O., Otranto, D., & Davoust, B. (2021) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04931-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ionică, A. M., Zittra, C., Wimmer, V., Leitner, N., Votýpka, J., Modrý, D., Mihalca, A. D., & Fuehrer, H.-P.
- Affiliations
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (RO)
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (CZ)
- Corresponding author
- Fuehrer, Hans-Peter
- ORCID
- Venue
- Parasites & Vectors
- Published
- 2017-07-05
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 324-324
- ISSN
- 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5499018
- OpenAlex
- W2727121775
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ASEP (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Austrian Science Fund (I1437-B25)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- mosquitoes, mosquito vector competence, avian malaria, Plasmodium relictum, Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis, Culex modestus, Aedes vexans, Danube Delta, migratory birds
- MeSH terms
- Aedes, Animals, Culex, Dirofilaria immitis, Dogs, Filariasis, Filarioidea, Humans, Insect Vectors, Malaria, Avian, Culicidae, Plasmodium, Romania, Setaria Nematode, Dirofilaria repens
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