Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: As a result of globalization and climate change, Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, the causative agents of dirofilariosis in Europe, continue to spread from endemic areas in the Mediterranean to northern and northeastern regions of Europe where autochthonous cases of dirofilarial infections have increasingly been observed in dogs and humans. Whilst D. repens was recently reported from mosquitoes in putatively non-endemic areas, D. immitis has never been demonstrated in mosquitoes from Europe outside the Mediterranean. METHODS: From 2011 to 2013, mosquitoes collected within the framework of a German national mosquito monitoring programme were screened for filarial nematodes using a newly designed filarioid-specific real-time PCR assay. Positive samples were further processed by conventional PCR amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, amplicons were sequenced and sequences blasted against GenBank. RESULTS: Approximately 17,000 female mosquitoes were subjected to filarial screening. Out of 955 pools examined, nine tested positive for filariae. Two of the COI sequences indicated D. immitis, one D. repens and four Setaria tundra. Two sequences could not be assigned to a known species due to a lack of similar GenBank entries. Whilst D. immitis and the unknown parasites were detected in Culex pipiens/torrentium, D. repens was found in a single Anopheles daciae and all S. tundra were demonstrated in Aedes vexans. All positive mosquitoes were collected between mid-June and early September. CONCLUSION: The finding of dirofilariae in German mosquitoes implies the possibility of a local natural transmission cycle. While the routes of introduction to Germany and the origin of the filariae cannot be determined retrospectively, potential culicid vectors and reservoir hosts must prospectively be identified and awareness among physicians, veterinarians and public health personnel be created. The health impact of S. tundra on the indigenous cervid fauna needs further investigation.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Screening of approximately 17,000 female mosquitoes from Germany by pan-filarioid real-time PCR and COI sequencing detected Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens, Setaria tundra, and two unassigned filarioid sequences in 9 of 955 pools. The authors report the first detection of D. immitis in German mosquitoes, implying possible local natural transmission.
Key findings
- Of 16,878 female mosquitoes representing 16 species or species complexes in six genera, 955 pools were screened; 9 pools (0.94%) tested positive for filarioid DNA.
- Identified sequences included two D. immitis (100% and 99% identity), one D. repens (99% identity), four S. tundra (99% identity), and two unassigned filarioid sequences (89% and 92% maximum identity to GenBank entries).
- D. immitis and the unknown filarioid sequences were found in Cx. pipiens/torrentium, D. repens in a single An. daciae, and all S. tundra in Ae. vexans; all positive mosquitoes were collected between mid-June and early September in 2011, 2012, and 2013 in four German federal states.
- The paper states this is the first report from Germany of D. immitis apparently acquired locally, and notes that D. repens was detected in An. daciae, a species with unknown vector potential.
Methods
- Adult mosquitoes were collected all over Germany from 2011 to 2013 using BG sentinel traps with BG Lure and CO2 or by hand, identified morphologically or genetically, and pooled by species, collection site, and date with up to 25 specimens per pool.
- Pools were homogenized and extracted for RNA/DNA, then screened with a newly designed filarioid-specific real-time PCR targeting a 90 bp fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene; positive samples were processed by conventional PCR amplifying about 650 bp of the COI gene, sequenced, and compared with GenBank.
- COI sequences of identified worms were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KF692100–KF692106.
Limitations
- The paper states that the routes of introduction to Germany and the origin of the filariae cannot be determined retrospectively, and that these must remain speculative.
- The paper notes that pooling prevented molecular differentiation between morphologically indistinguishable Cx. pipiens and Cx. torrentium females, and that the real-time PCR was intended for screening only, possibly allowing false negatives but not false positives.
- The paper states that no information exists on possible spread and prevalence increase of S. tundra in Central Europe because respective studies are missing; evident from the text, the study also does not demonstrate vector competence or local transmission directly, and two filarioid sequences could not be assigned to known species due to insufficient GenBank matches.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
0 of 10 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data
Two COI sequences from the positive pools showed 100% and 99% identity to D. immitis.
“Of the sequences obtained, two showed 100% and 99% identity to D. immitis (Table 2) while presenting two nucleotide differences in direct comparison.”
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
“Two of the COI sequences indicated D. immitis”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · hedged
- Findingown data
All filariae-carrying culicids were collected between mid-June and early September in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in four German federal states.
“All filariae-carrying culicids had been collected between mid-June and early September in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in four German federal states (Table 2, Figure 1).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“All positive mosquitoes were collected between mid-June and early September.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingcitation
The D. repens-positive Anopheles daciae was collected in the same area where D. repens had been isolated from dogs in 2007.
“it was collected in the same area where D. repens had been isolated from dogs in 2007 [12].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [12] Pantchev N, Norden N, Lorentzen L, Rossi M, Rossi U, Brand B, Dyachenko V: Current surveys on the prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria spp. in dogs in Germany. Parasitol Res. 2009, 105: S63-S74. 10.1007/s00436-009-1497-7. source
Not checked in the free run.
- Findingown data
Two positive samples could not be assigned to a known species due to insufficient identities to GenBank entries (89 and 92% maximum).
“Two positive samples, displaying 91% homology in direct comparison, could not be assigned to a species due to insufficient identities to GenBank entries (89 and 92% maximum; Table 2).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Two sequences could not be assigned to a known species due to a lack of similar GenBank entries.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingown data
One COI sequence from the positive pools displayed 99% identity to D. repens.
“One sequence displayed 99% identity to D. repens”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“one D. repens”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingown data
Four COI sequences from the positive pools exhibited 99% identity to S. tundra.
“four sequences exhibited 99% identity to S. tundra, with the S. tundra sequences being variable among each other at six positions.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“four Setaria tundra”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingown data
The D. repens-positive pool was equivalent to a single Anopheles daciae female.
“the D. repens-positive pool was equivalent to a single An. daciae female”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“D. repens was found in a single Anopheles daciae”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingown data
The S. tundra-positive pools contained Aedes vexans mosquitoes.
“the S. tundra-positive pools contained Ae. vexans mosquitoes”
- Also stated in: § Results · boosted
“all S. tundra were demonstrated in Aedes vexans”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · boosted
- Findingown data
Nine pools (0.94%) tested positive for filarioid DNA.
“Nine pools (0.94%) testing positive were confirmed to contain filarioid DNA by the COI PCR assay.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Out of 955 pools examined, nine tested positive for filariae.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingown data
In total, 955 pools were screened using the pan-filarioid real-time PCR.
“In total, 955 pools were screened using the pan-filarioid real-time PCR.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Out of 955 pools examined, nine tested positive for filariae.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingcitation
The D. immitis-positive mosquito/es from Baden-Wurttemberg was/were collected at the same site where Aedes albopictus had repeatedly been trapped previously.
“The D. immitis-positive mosquito/es from Baden-Wurttemberg was/were collected at the same site where Ae. albopictus had repeatedly been trapped previously [26].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [26] Kampen H, Kronefeld M, Zielke D, Werner D: Further specimens of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) trapped in southwest Germany. Parasitol Res. 2013, 112: 905-907. 10.1007/s00436-012-3128-y. source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
The finding of D. immitis in a pool of mosquitoes from Brandenburg must be attributed most probably to a local uptake by the feeding mosquito/es.
“By contrast, the finding of D. immitis in a pool of mosquitoes from Brandenburg must be attributed most probably to a local uptake by the feeding mosquito/es.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Possibly, a local transmission cycle of D. repens has established in the area where the D. repens-positive Anopheles daciae was collected.
“Possibly, a local transmission cycle has established in that area.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationown data
The finding of dirofilariae in German mosquitoes implies the possibility of a local natural transmission cycle.
“The finding of dirofilariae in German mosquitoes implies the possibility of a local natural transmission cycle.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
This is the first report from Germany of D. immitis apparently acquired locally.
“Hence, this is the first report from Germany of D. immitis apparently acquired locally.”
- Also stated in: § Background · plain
“including the first detection of D. immitis in Germany.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Dirofilaria immitis had never been demonstrated in mosquitoes from Europe outside the Mediterranean before this study.
- Also stated in: § Background · plain
- Study design and conductown data
Specificity of the filarioid-specific real-time PCR primers was confirmed on D. immitis, D. repens, O. volvulus and W. bancrofti DNA.
“Specificity of the primers was confirmed on D. immitis, D. repens, O. volvulus and W. bancrofti DNA.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationnone given
Vector-competent mosquitoes are probably already present in previously infection-free areas of northern Europe.
“Vector-competent mosquitoes are probably already present there”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Considering the lifespan of a mosquito of a few weeks at its best, the long developmental periods of the filariae may presently limit the rate of their dispersal.
“Considering the lifespan of a mosquito of a few weeks at its best, these long developmental periods may presently limit the rate of dispersal of the filariae.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The lifespan of a mosquito is a few weeks at its best.
- Interpretationreasoning
With progressing globalization and climate change, the risk of introduction of zoonotic D. immitis and D. repens from endemic areas in southern Europe to previously infection-free areas in northern Europe and their subsequent establishment increases.
“With progressing globalization and climate change, the risk of the introduction of zoonotic D. immitis and D. repens from endemic areas in southern Europe to previously infection-free areas in northern Europe and their subsequent establishment increases.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Globalization and climate change will continue to progress.
- Interpretationcitation
Climatic conditions in previously infection-free areas of northern Europe are regionally and seasonally adequate for the filariae to finish their development in infected mosquitoes.
“the climatic conditions are regionally and seasonally adequate for the filariae to finish their development in infected mosquitoes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Setaria tundra needs an average of 14-16 days at 21°C to reach the metacyclic infectious L3 stage in the mosquito.
“Setaria tundra needs an average of 14–16 days at 21°C to reach the metacyclic infectious L3 stage in the mosquito [45].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [45] Laaksonen S: Setaria tundra, an emerging parasite of reindeer, and an outbreak it caused in Finland in 2003–2006. 2010, Finland: Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki
Not checked in the free run.
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- May combine two claims. 6
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 4
The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown dataFrom 2011 to 2013, 16,878 female mosquitoes representing 16 species or species complexes in six genera were processed.
“16,878 female mosquitoes representing 16 species or species complexes in six genera were processed, with Cx. pipiens/torrentium (73%), Anopheles plumbeus (11%) and Aedes vexans (8%) being the most frequent mosquito taxa examined (Table 1).”
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
“Approximately 17,000 female mosquitoes were subjected to filarial screening.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe D. immitis-positive pools and the pools with unknown filarioid DNA sequences were composed of Culex pipiens/torrentium specimens.
“The D. immitis-positive pools as well as those with unknown filarioid DNA sequences were composed of Cx. pipiens/torrentium specimens”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Whilst D. immitis and the unknown parasites were detected in Culex pipiens/torrentium”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Also stated in: § Results · plain
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationGenchi and colleagues considered both Baden-Wurttemberg and Brandenburg as climatically suitable for dirofilarial development in mosquitoes and assigned to these regions a risk of stable endemicity.
“Genchi and colleagues [5,44] considered both Baden-Wurttemberg and Brandenburg as climatically suitable for dirofilarial development in mosquitoes and assigned to these regions a risk of stable endemicity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [5] Genchi C, Kramer LH, Rivasi F: Dirofilarial infections in Europe. Vector-borne Zoon Dis. 2011, 11: 1307-1317. 10.1089/vbz.2010.0247. source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [44] Sassnau R, Genchi C: Qualitative risk assessment for the endemisation of Dirofilaria repens in the state of Brandenburg (Germany) based on temperature-dependent vector competence. Parasitol Res. 2013, 112: 2647-2652. 10.1007/s00436-013-3431-2. source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationSimón et al. calculated a transmission period of 3-4 months in Central Europe for both D. repens and D. immitis.
“Simón et al.[1] calculated a transmission period of 3–4 months in Central Europe for both D. repens and D. immitis, taking into account the extrinsic incubation periods of the worms.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [1] Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, Morchón R, González-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carretón E, Montoya-Alonso JA: Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012, 25: 507-544. 10.1128/CMR.00012-12. source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationSetaria tundra seems to be more common in Germany than generally assumed, as it had been detected microscopically or by PCR on several occasions in the past.
“The third mosquito-borne filarial nematode described, S. tundra, seems to be more common in Germany than generally assumed, as it had been detected microscopically or by PCR on several occasions in the past [22,43].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [22] Rehbein S, Lutz W, Visser M, Winter R: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Parasitenfauna des Wildes in Nordrhein-Westfalen. 1. Der Endoparasitenbefall des Rehwildes. Z Jagdwiss. 2000, 4: 248-269.
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [43] Czajka C, Becker N, Poppert S, Jöst H, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Krüger A: Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and an unidentified filarial species in mosquitoes in Germany. Parasit Vectors. 2012, 5: 14-10.1186/1756-3305-5-14. source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAt a mean temperature of 18°C, the extrinsic incubation periods of D. repens and D. immitis last about 29 days; at 22°C they last 16-20 days.
“At a mean temperature of 18°C, for example, these will last about 29 days, at 22°C still 16–20 days.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [1] Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, Morchón R, González-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carretón E, Montoya-Alonso JA: Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012, 25: 507-544. 10.1128/CMR.00012-12. source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningAs hot summer periods are predicted to become more frequent and longer as a result of climate change, mosquito-borne filarioses will probably become a growing problem to veterinary and human health in Central and eastern Europe in the future.
“However, as hot summer periods are predicted to become more frequent and longer as a result of climate change, mosquito-borne filarioses will probably become a growing problem to veterinary and human health in Central and eastern Europe in the future.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Hot summer periods are predicted to become more frequent and longer as a result of climate change.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationThe finding of two unknown filarial species in Culex pipiens/torrentium mosquito pools suggests avian bloodmeal sources of the mosquitoes and therefore avian nematode species, one of them possibly being Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi.
“The finding of two unknown filarial species in Cx. pipiens/torrentium mosquito pools suggests avian bloodmeal sources of the mosquitoes due to the feeding preferences within this group of culicids, and therefore avian nematode species, one of them possibly being Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi, as discussed by Cjaka et al. [43].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] Czajka C, Becker N, Poppert S, Jöst H, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Krüger A: Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and an unidentified filarial species in mosquitoes in Germany. Parasit Vectors. 2012, 5: 14-10.1186/1756-3305-5-14. source
Not checked in the free run.
- Rests on an assumption: Culex pipiens/torrentium mosquitoes have feeding preferences for avian bloodmeal sources.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Study design and conductreasoningA more in-depth testing of the real-time PCR was not considered necessary as the PCR was meant for sample screening only, thus possibly allowing false negative but not false positive results.
“A more in-depth testing was not considered necessary as the PCR was meant for sample screening only, thus possibly allowing false negative but not false positive results.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
Dirofilaria immitis had never been demonstrated in mosquitoes from Europe outside the Mediterranean before this study.
“Whilst D. repens was recently reported from mosquitoes in putatively non-endemic areas, D. immitis has never been demonstrated in mosquitoes from Europe outside the Mediterranean.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Culex pipiens/torrentium mosquitoes have feeding preferences for avian bloodmeal sources.
“due to the feeding preferences within this group of culicids”
The paper relies on this without support.
Hot summer periods are predicted to become more frequent and longer as a result of climate change.
“as hot summer periods are predicted to become more frequent and longer as a result of climate change”
The paper relies on this without support.
The lifespan of a mosquito is a few weeks at its best.
“Considering the lifespan of a mosquito of a few weeks at its best”
The paper relies on this without support.
Globalization and climate change will continue to progress.
“With progressing globalization and climate change”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In Germany, D. immitis larvae have been detected in Cx. pipiens/torrentium.
“In Germany, D. immitis larvae were detected in Cx. pipiens/torrentium, [155].”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [155]
By now (with the exception of Liechtenstein), both D. repens and D. immitis have been reported in all countries neighboring Austria (Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, and Switzerland).
“By now (with the exception of Liechtenstein), both parasites have been reported in all countries neighboring Austria (Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, and Switzerland) [3,7,11–17]”
From Dirofilaria in Humans, Dogs, and Vectors in Austria (1978–2014)—From Imported Pathogens to the Endemicity of Dirofilaria repens (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
D. repens was documented in most central European areas prior to D. immitis.
“and it is obvious that D. repens was documented in most central European areas prior to D. immitis.”
From Dirofilaria in Humans, Dogs, and Vectors in Austria (1978–2014)—From Imported Pathogens to the Endemicity of Dirofilaria repens (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
Potential vectors of D. immitis in Austria are Coquillettidia richardii, Ae. albopictus, Oc. caspius, Ae. vexans, An. maculipennis complex, Cx. pipiens complex, and Cx. modestus.
“Potential vectors of D. immitis in Austria are Coquillettidia richardii, Ae. albopictus, Oc. caspius, Ae. vexans, An. maculipennis complex, Cx. pipiens complex, and Cx. modestus [3,7,14,17].”
From Dirofilaria in Humans, Dogs, and Vectors in Austria (1978–2014)—From Imported Pathogens to the Endemicity of Dirofilaria repens (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
Additional competent mosquito species might show an increasing occurrence in Europe because of climate change, potentially enabling autochthonous transmission in previously unaffected countries.
“Additional competent species might show an increasing occurrence in Europe because of the proceeding climate change, potentially enabling autochthonous transmission in previously unaffected countries [1,3,6,7].”
From The Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
Several mosquito species in Austria can act as vectors for D. immitis and D. repens.
“There are several mosquito species in Austria that can act as vectors for D. immitis as well as D. repens (the causative agent of canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis).”
From The Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
As climate change and globalization proceed, additional competent invasive mosquito vectors may become established in previously unaffected countries, facilitating autochthonous transmission of D. immitis.
“As climate change and globalization proceed, additional competent invasive mosquito vectors, such as the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), may become established in previously unaffected countries, facilitating autochthonous transmission of D. immitis [1,3,6,7,24,25].”
From The Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
More vector mosquitoes can be expected in Central and Northern Europe in the future due to the advancing climate change.
“In addition, more vector mosquitoes can be expected in Central and Northern Europe in the future due to the advancing climate change.”
From The Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
The relative prevalence of dirofilariosis detected in this study was higher than in neighbouring Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland.
“The relative prevalence of dirofilariosis detected in our study was shown to be higher than in neighbouring Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland.”
From Urbanization impact on mosquito community and the transmission potential of filarial infection in central Europe (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
A study in Germany by Kronefeld et al. confirmed D. repens only in An. daciae.
“while a study in Germany by Kronefeld et al. [50] confirmed D. repens only in An. daciae.”
From Urbanization impact on mosquito community and the transmission potential of filarial infection in central Europe (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
Ae. vexans plays a key role in the spread of Dirofilaria spp.
“This most abundant and one of the frequently infected species in Europe (Italy, Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Serbia, Romania) plays a key role in the spread of Dirofilaria spp. [34, 49–53].”
From Urbanization impact on mosquito community and the transmission potential of filarial infection in central Europe (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
While no Dirofilaria DNA was found in more than 80,000 mosquitos collected throughout Germany between 2009 and 2010, D. repens DNA was observed in 2011 in a pool of Culiseta annulata; in 2012, in two pools of An. maculipennis s.l. and each one of Anopheles daciae and Aedes vexans; and in 2016, in one Anopheles messeae pool.
“While no Dirofilaria DNA was found in more than 80,000 mosquitos collected throughout Germany between 2009 and 2010 [97], D. repens DNA was observed in 2011 in a pool consisting of Culiseta annulata; in 2012, in two pools of An. maculipennis s.l. and each one of Anopheles daciae and Aedes vexans; and in 2016, in one Anopheles messeae pool”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [100]
D. immitis DNA was amplified in two Culex pipiens/torrentium pools in 2012 in Germany.
“Furthermore, D. immitis DNA was amplified in two Culex pipiens/torrentium pools in 2012”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [100]
Both D. repens and D. immitis were found in mosquitoes originating from Southwestern and Northeastern Germany, from Baden-Wurttemberg, and Berlin and Brandenburg, from which autochthonous D. repens infections in dogs were also reported.
“Both D. repens and D. immitis were found in mosquitoes originating from Southwestern and Northeastern Germany, more precisely from the federal states of Baden-Wurttemberg, and Berlin and Brandenburg, from which the autochthonous D. repens infections in dogs were also reported”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [100]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Eight species listed as nine
MinorThe primer-design description says the alignment included nine filarial nematode species, but the parenthetical list names only eight.
“mitochondrial genome sequences of nine parasitic filarial nematode species”
“(D. immitis, D. repens, S. tundra, Setaria digitata, Brugia malayi, Wuchereria bancrofti, Onchocerca flexuosa, Onchocerca volvulus)”
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Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic
Simón, F., Siles-Lucas, M., Morchón, R., González-Miguel, J., Mellado, I., Carretón, E., & Montoya-Alonso, J. A. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00012-12 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Chapter 4 Heartworm Disease in Animals and Humans
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Casiraghi, M., Anderson, T., Bandi, C., Bazzocchi, C., & Genchi, C. (2001) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182000007149 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
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Heartworm Disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and Their Vectors in Europe – New Distribution Trends
Morchón, R., Carretón, E., González-Miguel, J., & Mellado-Hernández, I. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00196 · Cited by 252 · cited 1× · see citing works
“attributed to increased travel and movement of infected animals, the expansion of vector-competent mosquito species, global warming and a change in human activities [7,8].”
BackgroundDirofilarial Infections in Europe
Genchi, C., Kramer, L. H., & Rivasi, F. (2011) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0247 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
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Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy
Cancrini, G., Frangipane di Regalbono, A., Ricci, I., Tessarin, C., Gabrielli, S., & Pietrobelli, M. (2003) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.10.011 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
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Self-citationWhat is happening outside North America regarding human dirofilariasis?
Simón, F., López-Belmonte, J., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., Morchón, R., & Martín-Pacho, J. R. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.033 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Natural vectors of dirofilariasis in rural and urban areas of the Tuscan region, central Italy
Cancrini, G., Magi, M., Gabrielli, S., Arispici, M., Tolari, F., Dell’Omodarme, M., & Prati, M. C. (2006) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jmedent/43.3.574 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Pampiglione, S., Rivasi, F., & Gustinelli, A. (2009) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03197_a.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Cancrini, G., Scaramozzino, P., Gabrielli, S., Paolo, M. D., Toma, L., & Romi, R. (2007) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[1064:aaacpi]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Human dirofilariosis in Hungary: an emerging zoonosis in central Europe
Szénási, Z., Kovács, A. H., Pampiglione, S., Fioravanti, M. L., Kucsera, I., Tánczos, B., & Tiszlavicz, L. (2008) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-008-0928-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
<i>Dirofilaria repens</i>Infection and Concomitant Meningoencephalitis
Poppert, S., Hodapp, M., Krueger, A., Hegasy, G., Niesen, W.-D., Kern, W. V., & Tannich, E. (2009) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1511.090936 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Current Surveys on the Prevalence and Distribution of Dirofilaria spp. in Dogs in Germany
Pantchev, N., Norden, N., Lorentzen, L., Rossi, M., Rossi, U., Brand, B., & Dyachenko, V. (2009) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-009-1497-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Laaksonen, S., Solismaa, M., Kortet, R., Kuusela, J., & Oksanen, A. (2009) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-2-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Outbreak of parasitic peritonitis in reindeer in Finland
Laaksonen, S., Kuusela, J., Nikander, S., Nylund, M., & Oksanen, A. (2007) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.160.24.835 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Human dirofilariosis in Poland: the first cases of autochthonous infections with Dirofilaria repens.
Cielecka, D., Hanna, Ż.-P., Masny, A., Sałamatin, R., Wesołowska, M., & Gołąb, E. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
First autochthonous case of canine ocular Dirofilaria repens infection in Germany
Hermosilla, C. R., Pantchev, N., Dyachenko, V., Gutmann, M., & Bauer, C. (2006) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.158.4.134 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kampen, H., Kronefeld, M., Zielke, D., & Werner, D. (2013) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-012-3128-y · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationCzajka, C., Becker, N., Poppert, S., Jöst, H., Schmidt-Chanasit, J., & Krüger, A. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-14 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens as the potential vectors of Dirofilaria immitis in Central Turkey
Yildirim, A., Inci, A., Duzlu, O., Biskin, Z., Ica, A., & Sahin, I. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.023 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dirofilaria repens microfilariae in Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Slovakia
Bocková, E., Rudolf, I., Kočišová, A., Betášová, L., Venclíková, K., Mendel, J., & Hubálek, Z. (2013) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3526-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dirofilaria infections in working dogs in Slovakia
Miterpáková, M., Antolová, D., Hurníková, Z., Dubinsky, P., Pavlačka, A., & Németh, J. (2009) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x09990496 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Die Parasiten der wildlebenden Wiederk�uer �sterreichs
Kutzer, E., & Hinaidy, H. K. (1969) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/bf00259648 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Morchón, R., Bargues, M. D., Latorre, J. M., Melero-Alcíbar, R., Pou-Barreto, C., Mas-Coma, S., & Simón, F. (2007) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2007.0124 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Der erste autochthone Fall einer subkutanen Dirofilariose in Österreich
Auer, H., & Susani, M. (2008) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-008-1031-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
[Detection of Dirofilaria in Austrian dogs].
Duscher, G. G., Feiler, A., Wille-Piazzai, W., Bakonyi, T., Leschnik, M. W., Miterpáková, M., Kolodziejek, J., Nowotny, N. R., & Joachim, A. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
First autochthonous Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) infection in a dog in Hungary
Jacsó, O., Mándoki, M., Majoros, G., Pétsch, M., Mortarino, M., Genchi, C., & Fok, É. (2009) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/s11687-009-0030-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Molecular confirmation of the occurrence in Germany of Anopheles daciae (Diptera, Culicidae)
Kronefeld, M., Dittmann, M., Zielke, D. E., Werner, D., & Kampen, H. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-250 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationRehbein, S., Lutz, W., Visser, M., & Winter, R. (2002) · European Journal of Wildlife Research · doi:10.1007/bf02193546 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sassnau, R., & Genchi, C. (2013) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3431-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationDemiaszkiewicz, A. W., Polanczyk, G., Pyziel, A. M., Kuligowska, I., & Lachowicz, J. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Autochthonous case of Dirofilaria repens in a dog in the Netherlands
Overgaauw, P. A. M., & van Dijk, E. (2009) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.164.5.158 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Is Dirofilaria repens Endemic in the Havelland District in Brandenburg, Germany?
Sassnau, R., Kohn, M., Demeler, J., Kohn, B., Müller, E., Krücken, J., & von Samson‐Himmelstjerna, G. (2013) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2012.1293 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationVectors and transmission dynamics for Setaria tundra (Filarioidea
Laaksonen, S., Solismaa, M., Kortet, R., Kuusela, J., & Oksanen, A. (2009) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sassnau, R., Dyachenko, V., Pantchev, N., Stöckel, F., Dittmar, K., & Daugschies, A. (2009) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationBöhm, L. K., & Supperer, R. (1955) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/bf00259319 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Böhm, L. K., & Supperer, R. (1955) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Setaria tundra, an emerging parasite of reindeer, and an outbreak it caused in Finland in 2003-2006
Laaksonen, S. (2010) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 5 · see citing works
STATUS AND REVIEW OF THE VECTOR-BORNE NEMATODE SETARIA TUNDRA IN FINNISH CERVIDS
Laaksonen, S., & Oksanen, A. (2009) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Świątalska A, Demiaszkiewicz AW: First autochthonous case of Dirofilaria immitis invasion in dog in Poland. Žycie Weterynaryjne. 2012, 87: 685-686. [Article in Polish]
- Schaffner F, Angel G, Geoffroy B, Hervy JP, Rhaiem A, Brunhes J: The Mosquitoes of Europe (CD-ROM). 2001, Montpellier, France: IRD Éditions & EID Méditerrannée
Cited by
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Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe
Capelli, G., Genchi, C., Baneth, G., Bourdeau, P., Brianti, E., Cardoso, L., Danesi, P., Fuehrer, H.-P., Giannelli, A., Ionică, A. M., et al. (2018) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-3205-x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Subcutaneous dirofilariosis (Dirofilaria repens): an infection spreading throughout the old world
Genchi, C., & Kramer, L. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2434-8 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Fuehrer, H.-P., Auer, H., Leschnik, M., Silbermayr, K., Duscher, G., & Joachim, A. (2016) · PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004547 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Fuehrer, H.-P., Morelli, S., Unterköfler, M. S., Bajer, A., Bakran-Lebl, K., Dwużnik-Szarek, D., Farkas, R., Grandi, G., Heddergott, M., Jokelainen, P., et al. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10101268 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Host-feeding patterns of mosquito species in Germany
Börstler, J., Jöst, H., Garms, R., Krüger, A., Tannich, E., Becker, N., Schmidt‐Chanasit, J., & Lühken, R. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1597-z · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Development of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in Aedes japonicus and Aedes geniculatus
Silaghi, C., Beck, R., Capelli, G., Montarsi, F., & Mathis, A. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2015-x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ionică, A. M., Matei, I. A., Mircean, V., Dumitrache, M. O., D’Amico, G., Győrke, A., Pantchev, N., Annoscia, G., Albrechtová, K., Otranto, D., et al. (2015) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4263-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years?
Morchón, R., Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Rodríguez-Escolar, I., & Carretón, E. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11091042 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Genchi, C., Bowman, D., & Drake, J. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-206 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Lühken, R., Brattig, N. W., & Becker, N. (2023) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-023-01167-z · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Bertola, M., Mazzucato, M., Pombi, M., & Montarsi, F. (2022) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05204-y · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections
Gordon, C. A., McManus, D. P., Jones, M. K., Gray, D. J., & Gobert, G. N. (2016) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2015.12.002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Traversa, D., & Cesare, A. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2014.00011 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Screening blood-fed mosquitoes for the diagnosis of filarioid helminths and avian malaria
Zittra, C., Kocziha, Z., Pinnyei, S., Harl, J., Kieser, K., Laciny, A., Eigner, B., Silbermayr, K., Duscher, G. G., Fok, É., et al. (2015) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0637-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Bravo-Barriga, D., Parreira, R., Almeida, A. P. G., Calado, M., Blanco-Ciudad, J., Serrano-Aguilera, F. J., Pérez-Martín, J. E., Sánchez-Peinado, J., Pinto, J., Reina, D., et al. (2016) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.030 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Shaikevich, E., Bogacheva, A., & Ganushkina, L. (2019) · Parasite · doi:10.1051/parasite/2019002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Schäfer, I., Volkmann, M., Beelitz, P., Merle, R., Müller, E., & Kohn, B. (2019) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-3284-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Vector-borne pathogens in dogs and red foxes from the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany
Liesner, J. M., Krücken, J., Schaper, R., Pachnicke, S., Kohn, B., Müller, E., Schulze, C., & von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. (2016) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Strübe, C., Neubert, A., Springer, A., & von Samson‐Himmelstjerna, G. (2019) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3410-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Autochthonous Dirofilaria repens in Austria
Silbermayr, K., Eigner, B., Joachim, A., Duscher, G. G., Seidel, B., Allerberger, F., Indra, A., Hufnagl, P., & Fuehrer, H.-P. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-226 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Zoonotic Dirofilaria repens (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Aedes vexans mosquitoes, Czech Republic
Rudolf, I., Šebesta, O., Mendel, J., Betášová, L., Bocková, E., Jedličková, P., Venclíková, K., Blažejová, H., Šikutová, S., & Hubálek, Z. (2014) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4191-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kemenesi, G., Kurucz, K., Kepner, A., Dallos, B., Oldal, M., Herczeg, R., Vajdovics, P., Bányai, K., & Jakab, F. (2015) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.09.010 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Circulation of Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis in Moldova
Șuleșco, T., von Thien, H., Toderaș, L., Toderaș, I., Lühken, R., & Tannich, E. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1916-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dirofilaria repens: emergence of autochthonous human infections in the Czech Republic (case reports)
Matějů, J., Chanová, M., Modrý, D., Mitková, B., Hrazdilová, K., Žampachová, V., & Kolářová, L. (2016) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1505-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
PCR identification and distribution of Anopheles daciae (Diptera, Culicidae) in Germany
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Self-citationClimate suitability for the transmission of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Germany
Sassnau, R., Daugschies, A., Lendner, M., & Genchi, C. (2014) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.034 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationA case of autochthonous human Dirofilaria infection, Germany, March 2014
Tappe, D., Plauth, M., Bauer, T., Muntau, B., Dießel, L., Tannich, E., & Herrmann-Trost, P. (2014) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.17.20790 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Heym, E. C., Kampen, H., Krone, O., Schäfer, M., & Werner, D. (2019) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06327-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationPetry, G., Genchi, M., Schmidt, H., Schaper, R., Lawrenz, B., & Genchi, C. (2015) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4519-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Čabanová, V., Miterpáková, M., Valentová, D., Blažejová, H., Rudolf, I., Stloukal, E., Hurníková, Z., & Dzidová, M. (2018) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2845-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sassnau, R., Czajka, C., Kronefeld, M., Werner, D., Genchi, C., Tannich, E., & Kampen, H. (2014) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-014-3970-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationBajer, A., Rodo, A., Mierzejewska, E. J., Tołkacz, K., & Welc-Faleciak, R. (2016) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0816-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tomazatos, A., Cadar, D., Török, E., Maranda, I., Horváth, C., Keresztes, L., Spinu, M., Jansen, S., Jöst, H., Schmidt-Chanasit, J., et al. (2018) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2980-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Huggins, L. G., Atapattu, U., Young, N. D., Traub, R. J., & Colella, V. (2024) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03159-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bocková, E., Iglódyová, A., & Kočišová, A. (2015) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4692-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prevalence of dirofilariasis in shepherd and stray dogs in Iranshahr, southeast of Iran
Anvari, D., Saadati, D., Siyadatpanah, A., & Gholami, S. (2019) · Journal of Parasitic Diseases · doi:10.1007/s12639-019-01096-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Blood parasites in reptiles imported to Germany
Halla, U., Rüdiger, K., Frank, M., & Rinder, M. (2014) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4149-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Springer, A., Fichtel, C., Calvignac‐Spencer, S., Leendertz, F. H., & Kappeler, P. M. (2015) · International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife · doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.10.006 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mosquitoes in the Danube Delta: searching for vectors of filarioid helminths and avian malaria
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Current trends in canine dirofilariosis in Austria-do we face a pre-endemic status?
Sonnberger, K., Duscher, G. G., Fuehrer, H.-P., & Leschnik, M. (2020) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06576-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France
Younes, L., Barré-Cardi, H., Bedjaoui, S., Ayhan, N., Varloud, M., Mediannikov, O., Otranto, D., & Davoust, B. (2021) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04931-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Kampen, H., Schäfer, M., Zielke, D. E., & Walther, D. (2016) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-016-5189-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationBinkienė, R., Chagas, C. R. F., Bernotienė, R., & Valkiūnas, G. (2021) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04614-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in mosquitoes (Diptera) – systematic review and meta-analysis
Riahi, S. M., Yusuf, M. A., Azari-Hamidian, S., & Solgi, R. (2021) · Journal of Nematology · doi:10.21307/jofnem-2021-012 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Oh, I. Y., Kim, K. T., & Sung, H. J. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Vector Potential of Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) Occurring in Central Europe
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Self-citationThe Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria
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Filarial nematode (order, Spirurida) surveillance in urban habitats, in the city of Pécs (Hungary)
Kurucz, K., Kiss, V., Zana, B., Jakab, F., & Kemenesi, G. (2018) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-018-6066-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Шайкевич, Е. В., Patraman, I. V., Bogacheva, A., Rakova, V. M., Zelya, O. Р., & La, G. (2018) · Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding · doi:10.18699/vj18.397 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Übleis, S. S., Cuk, C., Nawratil, M., Butter, J., Schoener, E. R., Obwaller, A. G., Zechmeister, T. C., Duscher, G. G., Rubel, F., Bakran-Lebl, K., et al. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2018/9754695 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria repens : an imported case and a brief review
Baptista-Fernandes, T., Rodrigues, M. G., Domingues, D., Monteiro, L., Paixão, P., Pereira, P., Tavares, R., Rodrigues, P., Maurício, I. L., Belo, S., et al. (2015) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2015.03.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wöhnke, E., Vasić, A., Răileanu, C., Holicki, C. M., Tews, B. A., & Silaghi, C. (2020) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/zph.12700 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chavshin, A. R., Dabiri, F., Vatandoost, H., & Bavani, M. M. (2015) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30376-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
New findings of Setaria tundra and Setaria cervi in the red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Poland
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Die wiederkehrende Notwendigkeit von Stechmücken-Surveillance und -Forschung
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Molecular Detection and Epidemiological Aspects of Dirofilaria immitis in Dogs in Tabriz and Suburbs
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2. Mammal’s pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes
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İNSANLARDA HASTALIK YAPAN DİROFİLARİA TÜRLERİ VE DİROFİLARİASİS
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- Authors
- Kronefeld, M., Kampen, H., Sassnau, R., & Werner, D.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (DE)
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kampen, Helge
- Venue
- Parasites & Vectors
- Published
- 2014-01-16
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-30
- ISSN
- 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3898823
- OpenAlex
- W2122202607
- Semantic Scholar
- 5dd805ec9c5786e2647e30e6c08aa6746af3ed2a
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 10.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- University of Oxford
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft
- Bundesministerium für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
- Robert Koch Institut
- Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, dirofilariasis, Culex pipiens, Aedes vexans
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dirofilaria immitis, Female, Geography, Germany, Molecular Sequence Data, Culicidae, Genes, Helminth, Dirofilaria repens
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