The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A prebiotic intervention study in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Different dietary approaches, such as gluten and casein free diets, or the use of probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested in autistic spectrum disorders in order to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. GI symptoms are of particular interest in this population due to prevalence and correlation with the severity of behavioural traits. Nowadays, there is lack of strong evidence about the effect of dietary interventions on these problems, particularly prebiotics. Therefore, we assessed the impact of exclusion diets and a 6-week Bimuno® galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS®) prebiotic intervention in 30 autistic children. RESULTS: The results showed that children on exclusion diets reported significantly lower scores of abdominal pain and bowel movement, as well as lower abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Veillonellaceae family, but higher presence of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroides spp. In addition, significant correlations were found between bacterial populations and faecal amino acids in this group, compared to children following an unrestricted diet. Following B-GOS® intervention, we observed improvements in anti-social behaviour, significant increase of Lachnospiraceae family, and significant changes in faecal and urine metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study where the effect of exclusion diets and prebiotics has been evaluated in autism, showing potential beneficial effects. A combined dietary approach resulted in significant changes in gut microbiota composition and metabolism suggesting that multiple interventions might be more relevant for the improvement of these aspects as well as psychological traits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02720900 ; registered in November 2015.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures





Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“microbial-based interventions, including fecal transplantation, antibiotics, and probiotics, have shown promise in a limited number of human trials (Grimaldi et al., 2018; Kang et al., 2017b; Sandler et al., 2000).”
From Human Gut Microbiota from Autism Spectrum Disorder Promote Behavioral Symptoms in Mice (2019) · cites this paper as Grimaldi et al., 2018
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data
Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303 · Cited by 34,887
UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads
Edgar, R. C. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2604 · Cited by 16,770
Gibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Sanders, M. E., Prescott, S. L., Reimer, R. A., Salminen, S. J., Scott, K., Stanton, C., Swanson, K. S., Cani, P. D., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75 · Cited by 5,634
Self-citationMcDonald, D. T., Price, M. N., Goodrich, J. K., Nawrocki, E. P., DeSantis, T. Z., Probst, A. J., Andersen, G. L., Knight, R. D., & Hugenholtz, P. (2011) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.139 · Cited by 5,144
Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time
Lewis, S. J., & Heaton, K. W. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365529709011203 · Cited by 3,244
Differential abundance analysis for microbial marker-gene surveys
Paulson, J. N., Stine, O. C., Bravo, H. C., & Pop, M. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2658 · Cited by 2,471
Daims, H., Brühl, A., Amann, R., SCHLEIFER, K. H., & Wagner, M. (1999) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(99)80053-8 · Cited by 2,273
Swanson, K. S., Gibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Reimer, R. A., Reid, G., Verbeke, K., Scott, K. P., Holscher, H. D., Azad, M. B., Delzenne, N. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0344-2 · Cited by 2,196
Self-citationAdams, J. B., Johansen, L. J., Powell, L. D., Quig, D., & Rubin, R. A. (2011) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-11-22 · Cited by 1,076
New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders
Strati, F., Cavalieri, D., Albanese, D., De Felice, C., Donati, C., Hayek, J., Jousson, O., Leoncini, S., Renzi, D., Calabrò, A., et al. (2017) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0242-1 · Cited by 1,040
Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children
Finegold, S. M., Dowd, S. E., Gontcharova, V., Liu, C., Henley, K. E., Wolcott, R. D., Youn, E., Summanen, P. H., Granpeesheh, D., Dixon, D., et al. (2010) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.06.008 · Cited by 977
Reduced incidence of Prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic children
Kang, D.-W., Park, J. G., Ilhan, Z. E., Wallstrom, G., LaBaer, J., Adams, J. B., & Krajmalnik-Brown, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068322 · Cited by 976
Langendijk-Genevaux, P. S., Schut, F., Jansen, G. J., Raangs, G. C., Kamphuis, G. R., Wilkinson, M. H. F., & Welling, G. W. (1995) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.61.8.3069-3075.1995 · Cited by 974
The role of microbial amino acid metabolism in host metabolism
Neis, E., Dejong, C., & Rensen, S. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042930 · Cited by 920
Wang, H.-B., Wang, P.-Y., Wang, X., Wan, Y.-L., & Liu, Y.-C. (2012) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2259-4 · Cited by 827
Nauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M., Spence, S. H., & Waters, A. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00200-6 · Cited by 763
Probiotics: Definition, Sources, Selection, and Uses
Sanders, M. E. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/523341 · Cited by 662
The Autism Spectrum Quotient: Children’s Version (AQ-Child)
Bonnie Auyeung, B., Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., & Allison, C. L. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0504-z · Cited by 650
Gastrointestinal microbiota in children with autism in Slovakia
Tomova, A., Husarova, V., Lakatosova, S., Bakos, J., Vlkova, B., Babinska, K., & Ostatnikova, D. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.033 · Cited by 632
Rapid and Noninvasive Metabonomic Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Marchesi, J. R., Holmes, E. C., Khan, F. M. A., Kochhar, S., Scanlan, P. D., Shanahan, F., Wilson, I. D., & Wang, Y. (2007) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr060470d · Cited by 632
Allen, A. P., Hutch, W., Borre, Y. E., Kennedy, P. J., Temko, A., Boylan, G., Murphy, E., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., & Clarke, G. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.191 · Cited by 513
The Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Li, Q., Han, Y., Dy, A. B. C., & Hagerman, R. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00120 · Cited by 462
Bonnie Auyeung, B., Wheelwright, S. J., Allison, C. L., Atkinson, M., Samarawickrema, N., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0772-x · Cited by 355
Greninger, A. L., Messacar, K., Dunnebacke, T. H., Naccache, S. N., Federman, S., Bouquet, J., Mirsky, D. M., Nomura, Y., Yagi, S., Glaser, C. A., et al. (2016) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-015-0257-9 · Cited by 333
The Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet In Autism: Results of A Preliminary Double Blind Clinical Trial
Elder, J. H., Shankar, M. N., Shuster, J. J., Theriaque, D. W., Burns, S., & Sherrill, L. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0079-0 · Cited by 312
Autism spectrum disorders and intestinal microbiota
De Angelis, M., Francavilla, R., Piccolo, M., De Giacomo, A., & Gobbetti, M. (2015) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1035855 · Cited by 311
The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome
Bonder, M. J., Tigchelaar, E. F., Cai, X., Trynka, G., Cénit, M. C., Hrdličková, B., Zhong, H., Vatanen, T., Gevers, D., Wijmenga, C., et al. (2016) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0295-y · Cited by 299
Nankova, B. B., Agarwal, R., MacFabe, D. F., & La Gamma, E. F. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103740 · Cited by 294
Whiteley, P., Haracopos, D., Knivsberg, A.-M., Reichelt, K. L., Parlar, S., Jacobsen, J., Seim, A., Pedersen, L., Schondel, M., & Shattock, P. (2010) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/147683010x12611460763922 · Cited by 266
Modulation of gut microbiota dysbioses in type 2 diabetic patients by macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet
Candela, M., Biagi, E., Soverini, M., Consolandi, C., Quercia, S., Severgnini, M., Peano, C., Turroni, S., Rampelli, S., Pozzilli, P., et al. (2016) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516001045 · Cited by 260
Impact of Diet on Human Intestinal Microbiota and Health
Salonen, A., & de Vos, W. M. (2014) · Annual Review of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1146/annurev-food-030212-182554 · Cited by 220
Zhang, Z., Yang, D. J., Zhang, M., Zhu, N., Zhou, Y., Storm, D. R., & Wang, Z. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00001 · Cited by 220
Bolte, E. R. (1998) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90107-4 · Cited by 213
Gastrointestinal issues in autism spectrum disorder
Hsiao, E. Y. (2014) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000029 · Cited by 209
Intestinal Pathophysiology in Autism
White, J. F. (2003) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/153537020322800601 · Cited by 197
The gluten-free/casein-free diet: a double-blind challenge trial in children with autism
Hyman, S. L., Stewart, P. A., Foley, J., Cain, U., Peck, R., Morris, D. D., Wang, H., & Smith, T. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2564-9 · Cited by 192
The level of arabinitol in autistic children after probiotic therapy
Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., & Błaszczyk, S. (2012) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.002 · Cited by 189
Pfeiffer, S., Mitter, B., Oswald, A., Schloter-Hai, B., Schloter, M., Declerck, S., & Sessitsch, A. (2016) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw242 · Cited by 188
Pennesi, C. M., & Klein, L. C. (2012) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/1476830512y.0000000003 · Cited by 180
Vitamin D and autism, what’s new?
Cannell, J. J. (2017) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9409-0 · Cited by 178
Vitamin D and autism: Clinical review
Kočovská, E., Fernell, E., Billstedt, E., Minnis, H., & Gillberg, C. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.02.015 · Cited by 176
Gluten-free and casein-free diets in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review
Mulloy, A. M., Lang, R. B., O’Reilly, M. F., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G. E., & Rispoli, M. J. (2009) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.008 · Cited by 172
Parracho, H. M. R. T., Gibson, G. R., Knott, F., Bosscher, D., Kleerebezem, M., & McCartney, A. L. (2010) · International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics · Cited by 162
Self-citationKral, T. V. E., Eriksen, W. T., Souders, M. C., & Pinto-Martin, J. A. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2013.01.008 · Cited by 153
Application of Weibull model for survival of patients with gastric cancer
Zhu, H. P., Xia, X. P., Yu, C. H., Adnan, A., Liu, S. F., & Du, Y. (2011) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-11-1 · Cited by 151
DeCastro, M., Nankova, B. B., Shah, P., Patel, P., Mally, P. V., Mishra, R., & La Gamma, E. F. (2005) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.09.002 · Cited by 149
Geier, D. A., Kern, J. K., & Geier, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19315864.2012.681340 · Cited by 121
Ly, V., Bottelier, M. A., Hoekstra, P. J., Vásquez, A. A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Rommelse, N. N. J. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0959-1 · Cited by 120
MacFabe, D. F., Rodríguez-Capote, K., Hoffman, J. E., Franklin, A. E., Mohammad-A, Y., Taylor, A. R., Boon, F. H., Cain, D. P., Kavaliers, M., Possmayer, F., et al. (2008) · American journal of biochemistry & biotechnology/American journal of biochemistry and biotechnology · doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2008.146.166 · Cited by 115
Cai, H., Huan-de, L., Yan, X., Sun, B. H., Zhang, Q., Yan, M., Zhang, W., Jiang, P., Zhu, R., Liu, Y., et al. (2012) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr300459d · Cited by 115
Gestational vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder
Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Eyles, D. W., Burne, T. H. J., Blanken, L. M. E., Kruithof, C. J., Verhulst, F. C., White, T. J. H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Tiemeier, H. W., & McGrath, J. J. (2017) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004077 · Cited by 113
Grimaldi, R., Cela, D., Swann, J. R., Vulevic, J., Gibson, G. R., Tzortzis, G., & Costabile, A. (2017) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw233 · Cited by 109
Self-citationEffects of Gluten Free / Casein Free Diet in Young Children with Autism: A Pilot Study
Johnson, C. R., Handen, B. L., Zimmer, M., Sacco, K. A., & Turner, K. S. (2010) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-010-9217-x · Cited by 92
Patel, K., & Curtis, L. T. (2007) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2007.0611 · Cited by 78
Nutritional Impact of a Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Marí-Bauset, S., Llopis-González, A., Zazpe, I., Marí-Sanchis, A., & Suárez-Varela, M. M. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2582-7 · Cited by 75
Short chain fatty acids induce TH gene expression via ERK-dependent phosphorylation of CREB protein
Shah, P. G., Nankova, B. B., Parab, S., & Gamma, E. F. L. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.097 · Cited by 71
Marí-Bauset, S., González, A. L., Zazpe, I., Marí-Sanchis, A., & Morales‐Suárez‐Varela, M. (2016) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316636976 · Cited by 60
Pusponegoro, H. D., Ismael, S., Firmansyah, A., Sastroasmoro, S., & Vandenplas, Y. (2015) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.13108 · Cited by 54
Toh, M. C. W., & Allen‐Vercoe, E. (2015) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v26.26309 · Cited by 51
Harris, C., & Card, B. (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2012.08.004 · Cited by 51
Fukuhara, K., Ohno, A., Ota, Y., Senoo, Y., Maekawa, K., Okuda, H., Kurihara, M., Okuno, A., Niida, S., Saito, Y., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition · doi:10.3164/jcbn.12-118 · Cited by 50
Grimaldi, R., Swann, J. R., Vulevic, J., Gibson, G. R., & Costabile, A. (2016) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516002269 · Cited by 48
Self-citationMetabolic adaptation of colonic microbiota to galactooligosaccharides: a proof‐of‐concept‐study
Mego, M., Manichanh, C., Accarino, A. M., Campos, D., Pozuelo, M., Varela, E., Vulevic, J., Tzortzis, G., Gibson, G. R., Guarner, F., et al. (2017) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13931 · Cited by 46
Self-citationA review of candidate urinary biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder
Wang, L., Angley, M. T., Gerber, C., & Sorich, M. J. (2011) · Biomarkers · doi:10.3109/1354750x.2011.598564 · Cited by 43
Patel, P., Nankova, B. B., & LaGamma, E. F. (2005) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.08.005 · Cited by 40
Parab, S., Nankova, B. B., & Gamma, E. F. L. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.013 · Cited by 36
Seung, H., Rogalski, Y., Shankar, M. N., & Elder, J. H. (2007) · Journal of medical speech-language pathology · Cited by 34
Intestinal permeability and nutritional status in developmental disorders.
Souza, N. C., Mendonça, J. N., Portari, G. V., Jordão, A. A., Marchini, J. S., & Chiarello, P. G. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 32
Nankova, B. B., Chua, J., Mishra, R., Kobasiuk, C. D., & Gamma, E. F. L. (2003) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-200301000-00019 · Cited by 22
Impact of Casein and Gluten Free Dietary Intervention on Selected Autistic Children
Nazni, P., Wesely, E. G., & Nishadevi, V. (2008) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 16
Diet and the Gut Microbiota – How the Gut
Tuohy, K. M., Venuti, P., Cuva, S., Furlanello, C., Gasperotti, M., Mancini, A., Ceppa, F., Cavalieri, D., Filippo, C. D., Vrhovšek, U., et al. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407825-3.00015-0 · Cited by 10
EFFICACY OF NUTRITIONAL ERGOGENIC AIDS IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS
Ely, B. R., & Cheuvront, S. N. (2010) · Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research · Cited by 9
Suzuki, K., Uchida, S., Kimura, T., & Katamura, H. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
The gut microbiome in neurological disorders
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Sandhu, K., Peterson, V., & Dinan, T. G. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30356-4 · Cited by 1,336
Human Gut Microbiota from Autism Spectrum Disorder Promote Behavioral Symptoms in Mice
Sharon, G., Cruz, N. J., Kang, D.-W., Gandal, M. J., Wang, B., Kim, Y.-M., Zink, E. M., Casey, C. P., Taylor, B. C., Lane, C. J., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.004 · Cited by 1,182
Faecalibacterium : a bacterial genus with promising human health applications
Martín, R., Ríos-Covián, D., Huillet, E., Auger, S., Khazaal, S., Bermúdez‐Humarán, L. G., Sokol, H., Chatel, J., & Langella, P. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuad039 · Cited by 630
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders
Sorboni, S. G., Moghaddam, H. S., Esfehani, R. J., & Soleimanpour, S. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00338-20 · Cited by 586
Metadata
- Authors
- Grimaldi, R., Gibson, G. R., Vulevic, J., Giallourou, N., Castro-Mejía, J. L., Hansen, L. H., Leigh Gibson, E., Nielsen, D. S., & Costabile, A.
- Affiliations
- Clasado BioSciences (United Kingdom) (GB)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of Roehampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Grimaldi, Roberta
- ORCID
- Venue
- Microbiome
- Published
- 2018-08-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-133
- ISSN
- 2049-2618 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6091020
- OpenAlex
- W2887688374
- Cited by
- 369
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 11.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microbiome (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, prebiotics, galactooligosaccharides, elimination diet, gluten-free diet, casein-free diet, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium, urinary metabolites, antisocial behavior, children
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Bacteria, Child, Child, Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Feces, Female, Humans, Male, Urine, Gastrointestinal Tract, Prebiotics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review