The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria

Johansson, Malin E. V.; Phillipson, Mia; Petersson, Joel; Velcich, Anna; Holm, Lena; Hansson, Gunnar C.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0803124105

Cited by 2,200Gut microbiota and healthGlycosylation and Glycoproteins ResearchInflammatory Bowel Disease

The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria

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Johansson, Malin E. V., Phillipson, Mia, Petersson, Joel, Velcich, Anna, Holm, Lena, Hansson, Gunnar C.·2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0803124105PMC PMC2567493

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Abstract

We normally live in symbiosis with ∼10 13 bacteria present in the colon. Among the several mechanisms maintaining the bacteria/host balance, there is limited understanding of the structure, function, and properties of intestinal mucus. We now demonstrate that the mouse colonic mucus consists of two layers extending 150 μm above the epithelial cells. Proteomics revealed that both of these layers have similar protein composition, with the large gel-forming mucin Muc2 as the major structural component. The inner layer is densely packed, firmly attached to the epithelium, and devoid of bacteria. In contrast, the outer layer is movable, has an expanded volume due to proteolytic cleavages of the Muc2 mucin, and is colonized by bacteria. Muc2 −/− mice have bacteria in direct contact with the epithelial cells and far down in the crypts, explaining the inflammation and cancer development observed in these animals. These findings show that the Muc2 mucin can build a mucus barrier that separates bacteria from the colon epithelia and suggest that defects in this mucus can cause colon inflammation.

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In distal colon, secreted mucus forms a stratified inner layer that keeps bacteria more than 50 μm from the epithelium in mice and more than 200 μm in humans.
“The secreted mucus in distal colon forms a stratified inner layer of mucus that is able to keep the bacteria at a distance (> 50 μm in mice, > 200 μm in human) from the epithelium 14, 15.”
From The composition of the gut microbiota shapes the colon mucus barrier (2015) · cites this paper as [14]
The mouse colony in Room 1 has a well-developed inner mucus layer that bacteria cannot penetrate.
“The mouse colony housed in Room 1 has been described previously 14 with a well-developed inner mucus layer that is impervious to bacteria.”
From The composition of the gut microbiota shapes the colon mucus barrier (2015) · cites this paper as [14]

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Authors: Johansson, M. E. V., Phillipson, M., Petersson, J., Velcich, A., Holm, L., & Hansson, G. C.
Affiliations: University of Gothenburg (SE)
Uppsala University (SE)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Hansson, Gunnar C.
ORCID: Johansson, Malin E. V.
Phillipson, Mia
Hansson, Gunnar C.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2008-09-30
Volume: 105
Issue: 39
Pages: 15064-15069
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803124105
PMC: PMC2567493
OpenAlex: W2030364983
Cited by: 2,200
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 123 · 2025: 132 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 174 · 2021: 166 · 2020: 167 · 2019: 154 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 136 · 2016: 124 · 2015: 110 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 96
FWCI: 24.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Swedish Cancer Foundation
Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
Vetenskapsrådet
Göteborgs Universitet
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Keywords: MUC2, intestinal mucus, mucus barrier, colonic epithelium, bacterial colonization, mucus proteome, proteolytic cleavage, colitis, colorectal cancer, host-bacteria symbiosis
MeSH terms: Animals, Colitis, Colon, Intestinal Mucosa, Mice, Mutant Strains, Mucins, Mucus, Symbiosis, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, Rats, Mucin-2

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The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria

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